(a) Name: (i) two local craft industries and one town important for each in Nigeria (ii) two manufacturing industries and one town important for each in Nig...

(a)(i) Two local craft industries and one important town for each

• Leather working - Kano.
• Cloth weaving / dyeing (adire, aso-oke) - Iseyin/Abeokuta (also Akwete weaving at Akwete).

(Others: pottery - Ilorin; wood carving - Awka; brass/bronze - Benin; mat making - Ikot Ekpene.)

(a)(ii) Two manufacturing industries and one important town for each

• Cement manufacturing - Ewekoro (also Sokoto, Obajana).
• Textile manufacturing - Kaduna (also Lagos, Aba).

(Others: vehicle assembly - Lagos/Kaduna; petroleum refining - Port Harcourt/Warri; brewing - Lagos.)

(b) Four problems facing local craft industries (with examples)

• Competition from cheaper factory-made goods: Imported and factory textiles undersell hand-woven aso-oke and adire, reducing demand for the local product.
• Shortage of capital and credit: Craftsmen such as Ilorin potters and Awka carvers lack funds to buy better tools and expand.
• Use of crude, outdated tools: Kano leather workers and local dyers rely on simple hand tools, so output is slow and quality varies.
• Poor marketing and finance/scarcity of raw materials: Weak organisation, poor roads and rising cost of raw materials (hides, cotton, clay) limit sales and profit; young people also prefer white-collar jobs, so skills are being lost.

(c) Three ways the problems are being solved

• Provision of loans and grants: Government and banks give soft loans and support through agencies (e.g. SMEDAN, Bank of Industry) to fund craftsmen.
• Training and cooperative organisation: Craft centres and cooperatives train workers, improve tools and skills, and market the goods jointly.
• Promotion and protection of local crafts: Trade fairs, exhibitions and encouragement of patronage (including some restriction on cheap imports) expand the market for local products.