(a) State four effects of feed shortage on animal production. (b) List four areas of specialization in agriculture, and state two contributions of each to a...

Answer Details

(a) Four effects of feed shortage on animal production [4 marks]

• Stunted growth and loss of body weight in the animals.
• Reduced production of milk, eggs and meat (low productivity).
• Poor reproduction, that is, reduced fertility and low birth rate.
• Lowered resistance to diseases, weakness and, in severe cases, death of the animals.

(b) Four areas of specialisation in agriculture and two contributions of each [16 marks]

• Agronomy (crop production): It develops improved crop varieties and better cultivation practices; and it increases food and raw-material production for the nation.
• Animal husbandry (livestock production): It supplies meat, milk, eggs and other animal protein for good nutrition; and it provides raw materials (hides, skin) and improved breeds of livestock.
• Agricultural engineering: It designs and provides farm machines, tools and irrigation structures that mechanise farming; and it develops soil and water conservation and storage/processing facilities.
• Agricultural economics/extension: It teaches farmers improved methods and helps them market their produce profitably; and it guides farm planning, record keeping and efficient use of resources, raising farmers' income.