A program converts names between different formats. Format 1: "Smith, John" (surname first, comma separated) Format 2: "John Smith" (first name first, space...

(a) The function finds the comma position, then uses SUBSTRING to extract the surname (before the comma) and first name (after the comma and space): [4]

FUNCTION ToFormat2(Name : STRING) RETURNS STRING
    DECLARE CommaPos : INTEGER
    DECLARE Surname : STRING
    DECLARE FirstName : STRING
    DECLARE i : INTEGER

    CommaPos ← 0
    FOR i ← 1 TO LENGTH(Name)
        IF Name[i] = ',' THEN
            CommaPos ← i
        ENDIF
    NEXT i

    Surname ← SUBSTRING(Name, 1, CommaPos - 1)
    FirstName ← SUBSTRING(Name, CommaPos + 2, LENGTH(Name) - CommaPos - 1)
    RETURN FirstName & " " & Surname
ENDFUNCTION

The key detail is CommaPos + 2: the first name starts two characters after the comma because Format 1 has a comma followed by a space. [1 mark for finding comma position, 1 mark for extracting surname, 1 mark for extracting first name (skipping comma and space), 1 mark for returning concatenated result]

(b) ToFormat2("Brown, Alice") returns "Alice Brown". The comma is at position 5, so Surname = "Brown" (positions 1-5) and FirstName = "Alice" (positions 8-12). [1]

(c) The reverse conversion finds the space and swaps the order, inserting ", " between surname and first name: [3]

FUNCTION ToFormat1(Name : STRING) RETURNS STRING
    DECLARE SpacePos : INTEGER
    DECLARE FirstName : STRING
    DECLARE Surname : STRING
    DECLARE i : INTEGER

    SpacePos ← 0
    FOR i ← 1 TO LENGTH(Name)
        IF Name[i] = ' ' THEN
            SpacePos ← i
        ENDIF
    NEXT i

    FirstName ← SUBSTRING(Name, 1, SpacePos - 1)
    Surname ← SUBSTRING(Name, SpacePos + 1, LENGTH(Name) - SpacePos)
    RETURN Surname & ", " & FirstName
ENDFUNCTION

[1 mark for finding space, 1 mark for extracting parts, 1 mark for correct format with comma]