1 Fig. 1.1 shows a plan of a small farm. Four areas of the farm are labelled W, X, Y and Z. Area W has rows of maize plants. Area X contains farm buildings ...

Labelled answer diagram:

(a) Type of farming in area W [1]

Area W has rows of maize plants, so the farming type is arable farming (also called crop farming or crop production). Arable farming focuses on cultivating land to grow crops for food, fibre, or sale. [1]

(b) Type of farming in area Y [1]

Area Y has cattle grazing on grass, so the farming type is pastoral farming (also called livestock farming or animal rearing). Pastoral farming centres on keeping animals for meat, milk, wool, or other animal products. [1]

(c) What is meant by mixed farming [2]

Mixed farming is a system where both crops and livestock are raised on the same farm. [1] The farmer produces plant products (grain, vegetables, etc.) alongside animal products (milk, meat, eggs, etc.), and the two enterprises often support each other - for example, crop residues feed the animals, and animal manure fertilises the fields. [1]

(d) Two factors for land-use decisions [2]

Any two of:

1. Type of soil / soil fertility - some soils are better suited to certain crops, and poor soils may only support grazing. [1]
2. Climate / amount of rainfall - determines which crops can grow and whether irrigation is needed. [1]
3. Slope / topography - steep land is difficult to plough and may be better kept as pasture.
4. Distance to market / access to roads - perishable crops need a nearby market or good transport.
5. Availability of water for irrigation - essential if rainfall alone is insufficient.
6. Government policy / land-use regulations - planning rules or subsidies may influence choices.

(e) Two steps to prepare area Z for vegetable production [2]

Area Z is covered with scrub and unused. Any two of:

1. Clear the scrub - remove unwanted vegetation and roots so the ground is open for cultivation. [1]
2. Plough or dig the soil - break it up to create a suitable seedbed and improve aeration. [1]
3. Add manure or fertiliser - improve soil fertility that may have declined under scrub.
4. Test and lime the soil - correct pH if it is too acidic for vegetable crops.
5. Remove large stones and level the surface - create an even planting area.