Read the article about a scientist who studies bird migration, and then answer the following questions. 10 What first made Aydar interested in the movement ...

Exercise 4 gives six one-mark questions on a longer article. Two ask for a detail you can point to, two ask you to work out something the article implies without stating it, one asks what a phrase refers to, and one asks about the writer's or speaker's attitude. Every wrong choice here is a real detail from the article placed where it does not belong, so the test is location as much as comprehension.

1. What first made Aydar interested in the movement of birds. The answer is that she found a dead bird wearing a numbered ring. Paragraph 2 says that "at the age of nine she picked up a dead swallow in her grandparents' yard and noticed a thin metal ring around its leg". The choice about an uncle who worked with birds misuses a genuine detail: the uncle appears, but only because he "helped her write to the address stamped on the ring". A school trip to the observatory is not mentioned anywhere.
2. Why a tagged bird must be caught a second time. The answer is that the tag stores its information instead of sending it. Paragraph 3 states that the tags "save their information rather than sending it, so the tag is useless unless the same bird is caught again a year later". Nothing says a tag has to be replaced after one journey. The idea that a tag cannot be read in flight sounds plausible but reverses the problem the article describes, which is storage rather than reading.
3. What the phrase "this fuel" in paragraph 4 refers to. It refers to the extra body weight the birds put on before leaving. The sentence explains that in the two weeks before departure the warblers "nearly double their body weight, and this fuel must then last for a single flight of up to sixty hours". A pronoun phrase points backwards, so the answer must be in the words immediately before it. The insects at the far end of the journey are real, but paragraph 6 places them at the arrival point, so they are what the bird hopes to find, not what it carries. The desert crossing is mentioned, but no helpful wind is described at all.
4. What the story of the bird known as K27 shows. It shows that a warbler can return to a very small area after an enormous journey. Paragraph 5 records that she was caught in four following autumns "always within thirty metres of the same patch of reeds", having crossed a desert and a sea twice in between, and returned "to a piece of ground smaller than a tennis court". Weather is discussed elsewhere in the article but never in connection with K27, and her age is never compared with that of other species.
5. Why Aydar calls the old notebooks the most valuable equipment. Because they hold measurements of the past that can never be taken again. Her reasoning in paragraph 7 is that "any laboratory can buy a new tag, she points out, but nobody can go back to a September morning in 1971 and weigh the birds that were there". The notebooks are not where tag data is stored; the tags themselves carry that. Nor does the article compare this observatory's age with any other.
6. What the article suggests about Aydar and the volunteers. It suggests she could not do her research without the reports they send, which paragraph 8 states directly: her research "could not be carried out without those four hundred pairs of eyes". The suggestion that she values enthusiasm above information contradicts the same paragraph, where the volunteers' reports revealed "two feeding sites that no scientist had recorded". The suggestion that she wants only rare birds reported also fails, because she answers questions about birds that "turn out to be common birds seen in poor light" two evenings a week without complaint.

Exam takeaway: for a question asking what a phrase refers to, read the clause before it rather than searching the whole article for a matching noun. Distractors in this exercise are deliberately taken from other paragraphs, so a detail that is true of the article can still be the wrong answer to the question asked.