A program needs to extract and process numeric data from formatted strings. (a) Write pseudocode for a function ExtractNumber that takes a string like "Pric...

(a) The ExtractNumber function scans through a string character by character, collecting consecutive digit characters once the first digit is found, then converting the collected digits to an integer.

FUNCTION ExtractNumber(Text : STRING) RETURNS INTEGER
    DECLARE NumStr : STRING
    DECLARE i : INTEGER
    DECLARE Ch : CHAR
    DECLARE InNumber : BOOLEAN
    NumStr ← ""
    InNumber ← FALSE
    FOR i ← 1 TO LENGTH(Text)
        Ch ← Text[i]
        IF Ch >= '0' AND Ch <= '9' THEN
            NumStr ← NumStr & Ch
            InNumber ← TRUE
        ELSE
            IF InNumber = TRUE THEN
                RETURN INT(STR_TO_NUM(NumStr))
            ENDIF
        ENDIF
    NEXT i
    IF NumStr <> "" THEN
        RETURN INT(STR_TO_NUM(NumStr))
    ENDIF
    RETURN 0
ENDFUNCTION

Key logic: the function skips all non-digit characters until the first digit is found. [1] Once digits begin, it collects them into NumStr. [1] When a non-digit is encountered after digits have started, the collected string is converted to a number and returned. [1] If the number is at the end of the string, the post-loop check handles it. [1]

(b)

For "Score: 95 points": the function skips non-digits, then finds '9','5', then encounters ' ', so it returns 95. [1]

For "Room 204": the function skips non-digits, then finds '2','0','4'. The post-loop check returns 204. [1]

(c) The string "123" is a sequence of three characters ('1', '2', '3') stored as text data. It cannot be used directly in arithmetic operations. [1] The integer 123 is a single numeric value stored in binary format that can be used directly in calculations such as addition and multiplication. To perform arithmetic on the string, it must first be converted using a function like STR_TO_NUM. [1]