WAEC SSCE - Geography - 1990

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The relief features of the submarine are the physical characteristics that make up the seafloor. A Roche moutonnee is not a typical submarine relief feature. Roche moutonnee is a type of erosional landform that is found on the surface of glaciers and mountain tops. Typical submarine relief features include the continental shelf, continental slope, and ocean deep. The continental shelf is the shallow submerged edge of the continent, while the continental slope is the steep slope leading to the ocean floor. The ocean deeps are the deepest parts of the ocean floor, which can reach depths of over 11,000 meters. Deep sea plain is also a typical submarine relief feature. It is a flat, featureless area of the seafloor that lies between the continental shelf and the mid-ocean ridges. Therefore, the correct answer is Roche moutonnee, which is not a typical submarine relief feature.

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A limestone region is characterized by the dissolution of soluble rocks like limestone by rainwater and the formation of features like caverns, sinkholes, and underground drainage systems. Therefore, the correct answer is (c) adequate luxuriant vegetation cover, as the solubility of limestone tends to inhibit the growth of lush vegetation.

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The instrument used to record the direction of the prevailing wind of a place over a period of one month is called a wind vane. A wind vane, also known as a weather vane, is a simple device that consists of a flat or curved surface that pivots around a vertical axis. The surface is usually shaped like an arrow or a rooster, with one end larger than the other. The smaller end is pointed into the wind, while the larger end indicates the direction from which the wind is blowing. Wind vanes are commonly used by meteorologists to determine the direction of the wind at a particular location. By recording the direction of the wind over a period of time, meteorologists can create a wind rose, which is a graphical representation of the frequency and direction of the wind at a particular location.

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When the root of a coastal cave collapses, it forms a geo. A geo is a narrow steep-sided inlet formed in coastal cliffs by the erosion of the sea. It is often created when a section of a sea cave roof collapses, leaving an opening to the sea. Over time, the waves will continue to erode the geo, deepening it and widening it to create a larger inlet. Geos are common features along the coasts of many countries and can be home to a variety of marine life.

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The soil in a natural rainforest remains fertile and suitable for agriculture because of the continuous replenishment of nutrients. The dense undergrowth and fallen leaves decay and return nutrients to the soil. Additionally, the abundant supply of sunshine and rainfall contributes to leaching the soil and removing any buildup of harmful substances. The vegetation in the rainforest is also very lush and dense, providing a continuous source of organic matter for the soil. Finally, the soil is well-drained, which prevents water from pooling and causing waterlogging or erosion. All these factors work together to maintain the fertility of the soil in a natural rainforest.

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In railway transport, the term "gauge" refers to the distance between the two rails of a track. It is the fixed distance between the inside edges of the two rails that allows trains to run smoothly and safely. The gauge of a railway track is usually determined by the design and construction of the rolling stock (i.e., locomotives and railcars) that will be used on it. Different countries or regions may use different gauges depending on factors such as geography, history, and economic considerations.

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The earth rotates 360 degrees in 24 hours, which means that it rotates 15 degrees per hour. The time difference between Greenwich meantime and Place X is 6 hours. Therefore, the difference in longitude between Greenwich and Place X is 6 x 15 = 90 degrees. Since the time at Place X is 12 pm (noon), we know that it is halfway between sunrise and sunset, which means that it is roughly at the meridian line of that location. Therefore, we can calculate the longitude of Place X by adding or subtracting half of the 360-degree circumference of the earth from the longitude of the Greenwich meridian (which is 0 degrees). Since the time difference between Greenwich and Place X is westward (Greenwich time is ahead of Place X time), we need to subtract 90 degrees from the Greenwich meridian to get the longitude of Place X, which is 90 degrees west, or 90°W. Therefore, the correct answer is option (E) 90°W.

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The answer is D - The older fold mountains have been subjected to the forces of denudation for longer geological periods. Denudation refers to the wearing away of the Earth's surface by processes such as erosion and weathering. The older fold mountains have existed for much longer periods and have been exposed to these processes for a longer time, which has resulted in them being lower and less rugged than the newer ones. In contrast, the newer fold mountains are still being formed and have not yet had as much time to undergo denudation.

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The correct option is "the upper course has a steep gradient." This is because the upper course of a river is the section closest to its source, and it usually has a steep gradient. The steep gradient causes the water to flow rapidly, eroding the bed and banks of the river channel. As a result, gorges are formed as the river cuts through hard rocks in the upper course, creating narrow and deep channels with steep sides. The other options, such as the volume of the river being small, rocks in the upper course being less resistant, hanging valleys, and chemicals in the water, may also contribute to the formation of gorges, but the steep gradient is the main cause.

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The description provided in the question is that of a coniferous forest. Coniferous trees, also known as evergreens, retain their needles throughout the year, giving the forest an evergreen appearance. These forests are typically found in regions with cold winters and cool summers, such as the northern hemisphere. The undergrowth in coniferous forests is generally thin because the canopy blocks most of the sunlight from reaching the forest floor. The small, thick, leathery and needle-shaped leaves of conifers reduce water loss due to transpiration, allowing them to survive in dry and cold climates.

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A rain gauge is kept in an open place in the observatory because raindrops get into the funnel without any obstruction. The gauge is used to measure the amount of rainfall in a particular area over a period of time. It works by collecting rainwater through a funnel that directs the water into a container. If the gauge is not kept in an open space, it may not collect all the rain that falls, as raindrops may be deflected by surrounding objects or wind. Therefore, to get an accurate measurement of rainfall, the gauge must be kept in an open place where it can collect all the rain that falls directly into the funnel.

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Isothermal maps give information about temperature. Isothermal maps are maps that display areas with the same temperature. They are used to show temperature variations across a particular region. These maps can be used to identify areas that are experiencing hot or cold temperatures, and to observe the movement of these temperature patterns over time. Isothermal maps are commonly used in meteorology and climate science to track the movement of air masses and the formation of weather patterns. Therefore, the correct answer is "temperature".

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The following combination can be regarded as sub-systems within the ecosystem: - Food chain, hydrological cycle, mineral nutrient cycle A food chain is a series of organisms that depend on each other for food in an ecosystem. The hydrological cycle refers to the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. The mineral nutrient cycle is the movement of essential elements from the abiotic environment into living organisms and back again. All these processes are interconnected and interdependent, forming a sub-system within the larger ecosystem.

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To find the time in Calcutta, India, we need to calculate the time difference between Munich, Germany, and Calcutta, India, and then adjust the time accordingly. The time difference between Munich and Calcutta is the difference in their longitudes, divided by 15 (since each time zone spans 15 degrees of longitude). So, the time difference is: Time difference = (96°E - 11°E)/15 = 6.33 hours This means that Calcutta is ahead of Munich by 6 hours and 20 minutes (since 0.33 of an hour is 20 minutes). If it is 9:00am in Munich, we need to add 6 hours and 20 minutes to get the time in Calcutta: 9:00am + 6 hours and 20 minutes = 3:20pm Therefore, when it is 9:00am in Munich, the time in Calcutta, India is 3:20pm. Therefore, the correct answer is option D: 2.40p.m.

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The angular distance of a point on the Earth's surface measured in degrees from the center of the Earth is known as latitude. Latitude is the horizontal measurement of a point's position on the Earth's surface, ranging from 0 degrees at the Equator to 90 degrees at the North and South Poles. Latitude is used in navigation, mapping, and other geographic applications to locate a point's position on the Earth's surface relative to other points.

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