JAMB UTME - Islamic Religious Studies - 2022

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The Makkan Surah with the main objective of reassuring the Prophet (SAW) at a time of distress is Surah ad-Duha. Surah ad-Duha is the 93rd chapter of the Qur'an and was revealed in the early days of the Prophet's mission in Makkah when he was feeling distressed and anxious. The Prophet had not received any revelations from Allah for a long time, and the disbelievers were mocking him and calling him a liar. In this Surah, Allah reassures the Prophet (SAW) that He has not forgotten him and that his efforts will not go to waste. Allah tells the Prophet that He has blessed him with many favors and will continue to do so. The Surah is a beautiful reminder to the Prophet that he is not alone and that Allah is always with him. Therefore, among the given options, Surah ad-Duha is the Makkan Surah with the main objective of reassuring the Prophet (SAW) at a time of distress.

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It occurs eight times in Suratul Kafirun.

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Suratul-Kafirun is a chapter (surah) in the Islamic holy book, the Quran. It is the 109th chapter and it is a relatively short surah consisting of only 6 verses. Each verse is made up of a number of sentences, and the surah as a whole is written in Arabic. The content of Suratul-Kafirun is a declaration of monotheism, a rejection of polytheism, and a statement of the clear divide between believers and non-believers.

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Absolute obedience to the Prophet's teachings is stated in An-Nawawi Hadith 41.

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The initial idea to preserve the Glorious Qur'an was mooted by Abu Bakr As-Saddiq, who was the first Caliph (leader) of the Muslim community after the death of the Prophet Muhammad. After the Prophet's death, many Muslims who had memorized the Qur'an died in the wars of apostasy. To prevent the loss of the Qur'an, Abu Bakr ordered the collection of all the verses that had been revealed to the Prophet and had been written down by his companions. This was done by Zaid b. Thabit, who was a close companion of the Prophet and one of the foremost Quranic scholars of his time. The collected verses were then compiled into a single book, known as the Mushaf, which became the standard text of the Qur'an.

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The minimum amount that may be stolen to warrant cutting of the hand is 1/4 Dinar.

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The arrangement of the Glorious Qur'an was divinely inspired.

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In Islamic belief, the blow of the trumpet at the time of resurrection is the duty of the angel Israfil. Israfil is one of the four archangels in Islamic tradition and is responsible for blowing the trumpet, also known as the Sur, at the time of resurrection. According to Islamic belief, when the trumpet is blown for the first time, all living beings on earth will die. When it is blown for the second time, all beings will be resurrected to stand before Allah for judgment. The Quran describes the event of the trumpet being blown in Surah Ya-Sin, "And the Horn will be blown; and at once from the graves to their Lord they will hasten" (Quran 36:51). Therefore, it is believed that the angel Israfil is responsible for blowing the trumpet at the time of resurrection, as it is his designated duty in Islamic theology.

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The expression "Man kana yu minu billahi wal yawmil akhir fal yaqual khayran aw li yasmut" is a saying in Arabic that is often used to encourage people to behave in a good and virtuous manner. The expression can be translated to mean: "The one who believes in Allah and the Last Day should either say something good or be silent." In simple terms, this expression is encouraging believers to think before they speak and to only say things that are kind, helpful, and positive. If they can't say something good, it is better to remain silent. This promotes a culture of positivity, kindness, and respect in speech and communication.

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Reference to a special night is made in Surat al-Qadr. Surat al-Qadr is the 97th chapter of the Qur'an and is named after the Arabic word for "power" or "decree." This chapter references a special night known as the Night of Power, which is considered to be one of the most holy and blessed nights in Islam. The Night of Power is believed to have taken place during the last ten days of the month of Ramadan, and it is believed that on this night the first verses of the Qur'an were revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. The Surat al-Qadr emphasizes the importance of this night and encourages Muslims to seek its blessings and to spend it in prayer and devotion.

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Forbidden Munkar in Islam means discouraging others from abominable acts, meaning actions that are considered morally wrong and sinful according to Islamic teachings. This includes things like lying, cheating, stealing, adultery, drinking alcohol, and other similar behaviors. Islam emphasizes the importance of commanding what is good and forbidding what is evil. This means that Muslims are encouraged to promote good deeds and discourage bad deeds in themselves and others. Forbidden Munkar specifically refers to the duty of Muslims to speak out against and actively discourage sinful behaviors. In summary, Forbidden Munkar in Islam means discouraging others from engaging in actions that are considered morally wrong and sinful according to Islamic teachings.

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Khadijah married Muhammad (peace be upon him) at the age of 40. Khadijah was a wealthy businesswoman who was impressed by Muhammad's honesty and integrity, and she proposed marriage to him. At the time of their marriage, Muhammad was 25 years old and working as a trader in Khadijah's business. They were married for 25 years until Khadijah's death, and she was the first person to accept Islam and support the Prophet Muhammad in his mission. Their marriage was a strong and loving partnership that set a positive example for all future Muslim marriages.

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The verse that describes the essence of Allah is Ayatul Kursiyy. Ayatul Kursiyy is a verse from the Quran, which is located in Surah Al-Baqarah, verse 255. It is a powerful and profound verse that describes the greatness and majesty of Allah, the Creator and Sustainer of the universe. The verse starts with "Allahu la ilaha illa huwa," which means "Allah, there is no god but He." This statement emphasizes the oneness of Allah and affirms His existence as the only deity worthy of worship. The verse goes on to describe the attributes of Allah, including His sovereignty, knowledge, power, and mercy. It also highlights His role as the Protector of the believers and His ability to encompass and sustain all of creation. Overall, Ayatul Kursiyy is a beautiful and powerful verse that serves as a reminder of Allah's greatness and our dependence on Him. It is often recited as a means of seeking protection and guidance from Allah and is considered one of the most important verses in the Quran.

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Quran 24 vs 31
And tell the believing women to reduce [some] of their vision and guard their private parts and not expose their adornment except that which [necessarily] appears thereof and to wrap [a portion of] their headcovers over their chests and not expose their adornment except to their husbands, their fathers, their husbands' fathers, their sons, their husbands' sons, their brothers, their brothers' sons, their sisters' sons, their women, that which their right hands possess, or those male attendants having no physical desire, or children who are not yet aware of the private aspects of women. And let them not stamp their feet to make known what they conceal of their adornment. And turn to Allah in repentance, all of you, O believers, that you might succeed.

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Imam Malik ibn Anas was born in the city of Madinah in what is now Saudi Arabia. He was born in the year 711 CE and lived in Madinah for most of his life. Imam Malik is known as one of the most important scholars of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and hadith (the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad). He is the eponym of the Maliki school of Islamic law, which is one of the four major schools of thought in Sunni Islam. Imam Malik's birthplace of Madinah was a significant city in early Islamic history, as it was the site of the first Muslim community established by the Prophet Muhammad after his migration from Makkah. Madinah is also the location of the Prophet's Mosque, which is one of the most important sites in Islam and is visited by millions of Muslims from around the world each year.

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A decision taken in the interest of the public becomes istislah. Istislah is an Islamic legal term that refers to making a decision that is considered to be in the public interest. This concept is based on the idea that the ultimate goal of Islamic law is to promote the well-being of society and to prevent harm. When making a decision, a judge or Islamic scholar may use istislah to consider the impact on the wider community and to make a decision that is in the best interest of the public.

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The pre-Islamic practice of shigar was a custom that involved the exchange of sisters in wedlock between two different families or tribes. Essentially, this meant that a man from one family would marry a woman from another family, and in exchange, his sister would be married to a man from the other family. This practice was seen as a way to strengthen ties between the two families or tribes, but it was also seen as a form of exploitation and a violation of women's rights. Islam abolished this practice because it was considered to be unfair and demeaning to women. Instead, Islam emphasized the importance of free choice and consent in marriage, and encouraged marriages based on love, mutual respect, and shared values. In Islamic tradition, marriage is seen as a sacred and joyful union between two people who choose to be together, and the practice of shigar is no longer considered to be a legitimate or acceptable form of marriage.

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The prayer that is not observed between Isha and Fajr is istisqa. Istisqa is a special type of prayer for seeking rain from Allah. It is not a regular, daily prayer like the other options. Tahajjud, Shaf'i and witr are all regular prayers that are performed at night after Isha and before Fajr.

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Mubah is an Arabic word that refers to actions that are considered to be permissible or allowed in Islam. These are actions that are not explicitly forbidden in the Qur'an or Hadith, and as such, they are not considered to be sinful or wrong. The acquisition of knowledge is considered to be a mubah action because it is encouraged and highly valued in Islam. By gaining knowledge, a person can improve their understanding of their faith and become a better person. On the other hand, actions such as smoking and shaking hands while greeting are not specifically defined as mubah or haram (forbidden) in Islamic teachings, but they may be discouraged or restricted based on the interpretation of different scholars.

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Seeking assistance from fortune tellers or any other forms of divination is forbidden in Islam because it goes against the fundamental belief in the absolute power and knowledge of Allah. By seeking knowledge of the future from fortune tellers, one is ascribing power to someone other than Allah, and this is considered a form of shirk, or polytheism, in Islam. Islam teaches that only Allah has absolute knowledge of the unseen, including knowledge of the future, and seeking such knowledge from any other source is considered an act of disobedience and disbelief. Furthermore, seeking knowledge of the future from fortune tellers can create false hopes and expectations, which may lead to disappointment, confusion, and even despair. In addition to being forbidden, seeking knowledge of the future from fortune tellers or any other forms of divination is considered a major sin in Islam. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "Whoever goes to a fortune-teller and asks him about anything, his prayer will not be accepted for forty days" (Muslim). This indicates that seeking knowledge of the future from fortune tellers can also have negative spiritual consequences. Overall, seeking knowledge of the future from fortune tellers is forbidden in Islam because it goes against the fundamental belief in the absolute power and knowledge of Allah, and it can lead to spiritual and emotional harm.

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According to Hadith 34 of an-Nawawi, the weakest of faith is changing an evil with the heart. This hadith teaches that faith is not merely a matter of ritual observance, but also involves moral responsibility. It highlights the importance of actively resisting evil and promoting good in both our actions and our thoughts. The hadith states that the strongest level of faith is to change an evil with our hands, meaning to physically intervene and stop the wrongdoing. The next level of faith is to change an evil with our tongue, which involves speaking out against the wrongdoing. The weakest level of faith is to change an evil with our heart, which means recognizing the evil as wrong but not taking any action to stop it. Therefore, the weakest level of faith according to this hadith is changing an evil with the heart, where a person acknowledges that something is wrong but does not take any action to stop it. This highlights the importance of taking proactive steps to promote good and prevent evil, both in our actions and in our thoughts.

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The Qur'an is considered to be of divine nature, which means that it is believed to be a direct message from God, revealed to the Prophet Muhammad through the Angel Gabriel over a period of 23 years. This belief in the divine nature of the Qur'an gives it a special status and authority in the Islamic faith, and it is considered to be the word of God, unchanged and unchanged over time. The Qur'an's divine nature is also one of the reasons why it is considered to be so important and why Muslims hold it in such high regard. The Qur'an is memorized, recorded and protected by Muslims, which ensures its authenticity and ensures that its message remains unchanged over time, making it an eternal source of guidance for Muslims.

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Hudhayfah b. Yamani is associated with the standardization of the Qur'an.

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The expressions "Iqra", "allama", and "al-qalam" in Surat al-Alaq emphasize the importance of knowledge. Surat al-Alaq is the first chapter revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), and it commands him to "Read!" or "Recite!" (Iqra), as a way of emphasizing the importance of seeking knowledge. In the following verses, Allah emphasizes that he is the One who taught by the pen and who taught mankind that which he did not know (Al-Qalam and Allama), indicating that the pursuit of knowledge is a virtuous and essential aspect of human life. These verses also demonstrate that the acquisition of knowledge is not limited to formal education or religious studies, but encompasses all aspects of life. Thus, it is crucial for Muslims to seek knowledge in all areas of life and to continuously learn and grow as individuals. In summary, the expressions "Iqra", "allama", and "al-qalam" in Surat al-Alaq emphasize the importance of seeking knowledge and continuous learning in Islam.

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Malik b. Anas is not an author of Sihahus-Sitta. The term "Sihahus-Sitta" refers to the six most authentic collections of Hadith in Sunni Islam, and the authors are commonly known as the "Kutub al-Sittah" or the "Six Books". These six books are: 1. Sahih al-Bukhari, compiled by Imam Bukhari 2. Sahih Muslim, compiled by Muslim b. al-Hajjaj 3. Sunan Abu Dawud, compiled by Abu Dawud 4. Jami at-Tirmidhi, compiled by at-Tirmidhi 5. Sunan an-Nasa'i, compiled by an-Nasa'i 6. Sunan Ibn Majah, compiled by Ibn Majah Malik b. Anas is the author of the Muwatta, which is also a collection of Hadith but is not considered one of the Sihahus-Sitta.

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The Hadith collections of Muslim and Bukhari do not share similarities in covering the whole range of Fiqh.

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The first revelation to the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) was Qur'an chapter 96:1-5, which is known as Surah Al-Alaq. According to Islamic tradition, the Angel Gabriel appeared to the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) while he was meditating in a cave on Mount Hira. The Angel Gabriel then commanded the Prophet to read, and the first five verses of Surah Al-Alaq were revealed to him. These verses contain the first divine message that was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and they speak about the importance of seeking knowledge and the consequences of rejecting it. The verses read: "Read! In the Name of your Lord, Who has created (all that exists), Has created man from a clot (a piece of thick coagulated blood). Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous, Who has taught (the writing) by the pen [the first person to write was Prophet Idrees (Enoch)]. Has taught man that which he knew not." (Quran 96:1-5) This event is known as the first revelation and marks the beginning of the prophethood of Muhammad (SAW).

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The Nisab is important because it is the basis of "zakat", which is one of the five pillars of Islam. Zakat is an obligatory charity that every eligible Muslim must pay to help those in need. The Nisab is the minimum threshold of wealth that a Muslim must possess before being required to pay Zakat. In other words, if a person's wealth exceeds the Nisab, they are obligated to pay Zakat. The Nisab amount is determined by the value of gold or silver and is updated regularly. This threshold ensures that Zakat is paid only by those who can afford it, and it helps to distribute wealth more fairly within the Muslim community.

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A Hadith whose message is directly from Allah is called Qudsi Hadith. Qudsi Hadiths are considered a category of Hadith in which the message is attributed to Allah, but the wording is conveyed by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Unlike the Prophet's own words, which make up the majority of Hadiths, Qudsi Hadiths are considered to be directly inspired by Allah. In Qudsi Hadiths, the Prophet conveys Allah's message in his own words, but he begins the Hadith with phrases such as "Allah says" or "Allah has said" to indicate that the message is not his own, but rather, a direct revelation from Allah. Qudsi Hadiths are considered to be very important in Islam, as they provide direct insight into the words and message of Allah. However, it is essential to ensure that Qudsi Hadiths are authentic and properly transmitted, just like any other Hadith, to ensure that the message being conveyed is truly from Allah.

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Associating partners with Allah is unpardonable.

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"Miracles" is not among the articles of faith in most major religions. An article of faith refers to a fundamental belief or doctrine that is considered essential to a religion. In Islam, for example, the six articles of faith are belief in one God, belief in angels, belief in the prophets, belief in the holy books, belief in the day of judgment, and belief in predestination.

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Uthman b. Affan was a prominent companion of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and the third caliph of the Islamic Ummah. He was born into the Banu Umayyah clan of the Quraysh tribe in Mecca, which was a powerful and influential family in pre-Islamic Arabia. The Banu Umayyah were known for their wealth and status, and they held a prominent position in the affairs of Mecca. Uthman himself was known for his wealth and generosity, and he played a significant role in the early development of Islam. He was one of the first Muslims to migrate to Medina, and he was known for his close relationship with the Prophet Muhammad (SAW). Therefore, the correct answer to the question is that Uthman b. Affan was born into the family of Banu Umayyah, and not Banu Quraysh, Banu Sa'd, or Banu Qaynuqah.

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The divine attribute of omnipotence is implied in the attribute of "al-Qadir" (the All-Powerful). This means that Allah has the power and ability to do anything that is logically possible, including creating the universe, sustaining it, and controlling everything within it. Allah's power is limitless and absolute, and He can do anything without any constraints or limitations. This attribute is a fundamental belief in Islam and is emphasized throughout the Quran. It is important to note, however, that Allah's power is always exercised in accordance with His wisdom and justice, and is not arbitrary or capricious.

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One of the contributions of Islam to women's welfare is the introduction of inheritance. In Islam, women have the right to inherit property and assets from their families, which was a significant advancement in women's rights at the time. This means that women could own and control property, which gave them financial independence and security. The Qur'an specifies the portions of an estate that each heir is entitled to receive, including the wife, daughter, and mother. This contribution of Islam to women's welfare helped to empower women and improve their status in society.

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The option that was not part of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah is "Muhammad (SAW) should not be recognized as leader." The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was a peace agreement signed between the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the leaders of Mecca in the year 628. The treaty contained several terms, including: - There should be no war between the Muslims and the Meccans for ten years. - Muhammad (SAW) and his followers would return to Medina that year and postpone their pilgrimage to Mecca until the following year. - Any Meccan who wanted to join Muhammad (SAW) would be allowed to do so, but any Muslim who wanted to return to Mecca would not be permitted to do so. - The two sides would maintain peace and refrain from attacking each other's allies. The treaty was a significant turning point in the history of Islam, as it allowed Muhammad (SAW) and his followers to peacefully coexist with the Meccans and led to a period of increased growth and expansion for the Muslim community.

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A hadith is a narration of the sayings or actions of the Prophet Muhammad or his companions. To assess the authenticity of a hadith, scholars use a methodology called hadith criticism, which involves examining the chain of narrators and the content of the hadith to determine its reliability. One reason a hadith may be considered unreliable is if it contradicts a Quranic injunction. The Quran is considered the primary source of Islamic teachings and beliefs, and any hadith that contradicts it is likely to be considered inauthentic. Another reason a hadith may be considered unreliable is if its narrator was not considered trustworthy or reliable. Hadith scholars have a detailed system for evaluating the reliability of narrators, based on their character, memory, and other factors. In addition, a hadith may be considered unreliable if its wording is too close to the text of the Quran or if it is no longer than a verse of the Quran. This is because the Quran is considered the ultimate authority in Islam, and any hadith that appears to mimic its language or content may be viewed with suspicion. In summary, to determine the authenticity of a hadith, scholars examine the chain of narrators and the content of the narration. If a hadith contradicts the Quran, is narrated by an untrustworthy narrator, or appears to mimic the language or content of the Quran, it may be considered unreliable.

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The Miraj is associated with Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). The Miraj, also known as the Night Journey, was a spiritual journey that Prophet Muhammad took in one night from Mecca to Jerusalem and then to heaven. It is a significant event in Islamic history and is mentioned in the holy book of Islam, the Quran, and the Hadith (the sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad). The Miraj is considered a miracle of Prophet Muhammad and is celebrated annually by Muslims during the holy month of Ramadan.

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An Hadith is referred to as "da'if" because it has defects in its chain of transmission (isnad) and/or the text of the tradition (matn). This means that one or more of the transmitters in the chain of transmission may not be reliable or the text of the tradition may contain inconsistencies or contradictions. A hadith is considered da'if or weak because its authenticity is not guaranteed, and it may not be used as evidence in Islamic legal or theological discussions.

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Abu Bakr, who was a close companion of the Prophet Muhammad and the first caliph of Islam, was nicknamed "as-Sadiq" due to his truthfulness. This nickname, which means "the truthful" in Arabic, was a testament to his reputation for being honest, sincere, and trustworthy in both his words and actions. Throughout his life, Abu Bakr was known for his unwavering commitment to speaking the truth, regardless of the circumstances or consequences. This quality was highly valued in Arabian culture and earned him widespread respect and admiration among the early Muslim community.