The Middle East: Conflict, Crisis And Change, 1917-2012
Overview
This topic covers ninety-five years of conflict in which almost every element is contested: the sequence of events, the responsibility for them, the numbers, and even the words used to describe them. That is not a reason to avoid it. It is the reason it is examined, because it tests whether a student can handle evidence honestly when the evidence itself is fought over.
The approach that earns marks is the one that a good historian uses. Separate what is documented from what is disputed. Attribute contested claims to whoever makes them rather than asserting them. Give the strongest version of each side's case, not a weak version you can dismiss. Then reach a judgement of your own and support it. This note models that method throughout.
Objectives
- Build up of tension in Palestine, 1917-46: the Balfour Declaration, Jewish immigration, clashes between Jews and Palestinians, the Peel Commission, the King David Hotel
- The creation of Israel, the war of 1948-49 and the Suez Crisis of 1956: the UN partition plan, the First Arab-Israeli War, the Palestinian refugee problem, Nasser and the Suez Canal, the joint attack, UN action and the superpowers
- Tension and conflict, 1956-73: the Six-Day War, Israeli gains, the PLO and Arafat, Black September, the Munich Olympics, the Cold War and the Arab-Israeli conflict, the Yom Kippur War
- Diplomacy, peace then wider war, 1973-83: Kissinger and Shuttle Diplomacy, the Camp David Agreements, the roles of Sadat, Begin and Carter, the widening of the conflict into Lebanon
- The attempts to find a lasting peace, 1987-2012: the first Intifada, the Oslo Peace Accords, the assassination of Rabin, the second Intifada, the 2003 Roadmap for Peace, the Gaza War
Lesson Note
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Lesson Evaluation
Congratulations on completing the lesson on The Middle East: Conflict, Crisis And Change, 1917-2012. Now that youve explored the key concepts and ideas, its time to put your knowledge to the test. This section offers a variety of practice questions designed to reinforce your understanding and help you gauge your grasp of the material.
You will encounter a mix of question types, including multiple-choice questions, short answer questions, and essay questions. Each question is thoughtfully crafted to assess different aspects of your knowledge and critical thinking skills.
Use this evaluation section as an opportunity to reinforce your understanding of the topic and to identify any areas where you may need additional study. Don't be discouraged by any challenges you encounter; instead, view them as opportunities for growth and improvement.
- In what year was the Balfour Declaration issued? A) 1915 B) 1917 C) 1922 D) 1939 Answer: B
- What did UN General Assembly Resolution 181 of November 1947 recommend? A) The creation of a single binational state B) Partition into a Jewish state and an Arab state with Jerusalem under international administration C) The continuation of the British Mandate indefinitely D) The return of Palestine to Ottoman rule Answer: B
- Which territories did Israel take control of during the Six-Day War of 1967? A) Only the Sinai peninsula B) Sinai, Gaza, the West Bank, East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights C) Only Lebanon and Syria D) Only the Golan Heights Answer: B
- The Camp David Accords of 1978 led directly to: A) The creation of the PLO B) A peace treaty between Israel and Egypt signed in 1979 C) The first Intifada D) The Oslo Accords Answer: B
- Which hard issues did the Oslo Accords deliberately postpone to later negotiations? A) Mutual recognition and interim self-government B) The ceasefire and prisoner exchanges C) Jerusalem, refugees, settlements and final borders D) The withdrawal from Sinai Answer: C
Available on the Green Bridge App
Download the Green Bridge CBT app on your phone or computer to access full lesson notes, practice questions, and more.
Available on the Green Bridge App
Download the Green Bridge CBT app on your phone or computer to access full lesson notes, practice questions, and more.
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