Ionic Bonding
Overview
Table salt, limestone, rust - all of these familiar substances are held together by ionic bonds. When a metal atom transfers one or more electrons to a non-metal atom, both achieve stable outer shells and the resulting oppositely charged ions lock into a rigid lattice held by powerful electrostatic attraction.
This lesson explains how ions form, how to predict their charges from the periodic table, how to write ionic formulae, and how to draw dot-and-cross diagrams. You will also learn why ionic compounds have high melting points and why they only conduct electricity when molten or dissolved.
Objectives
- understand how ions are formed by electron loss or gain
- know the charges of these ions: - metals in Groups 1, 2 and 3 - non-metals in Groups 5, 6 and 7 - Ag+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Zn2+ - hydrogen (H+), hydroxide (OH-), ammonium (NH4+), carbonate (CO32-), nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-).
- write formulae for compounds formed between the ions listed above
- draw dot-and-cross diagrams to show the formation of ionic compounds by electron transfer, limited to combinations of elements from Groups 1, 2, 3 and 5, 6, 7 only outer electrons need be shown
- understand ionic bonding in terms of electrostatic attractions
- understand why compounds with giant ionic lattices have high melting and boiling points
- know that ionic compounds do not conduct electricity when solid, but do conduct electricity when molten and in aqueous solution
Lesson Note
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Lesson Evaluation
Congratulations on completing the lesson on Ionic Bonding. Now that youve explored the key concepts and ideas, its time to put your knowledge to the test. This section offers a variety of practice questions designed to reinforce your understanding and help you gauge your grasp of the material.
You will encounter a mix of question types, including multiple-choice questions, short answer questions, and essay questions. Each question is thoughtfully crafted to assess different aspects of your knowledge and critical thinking skills.
Use this evaluation section as an opportunity to reinforce your understanding of the topic and to identify any areas where you may need additional study. Don't be discouraged by any challenges you encounter; instead, view them as opportunities for growth and improvement.
- What type of particle is formed when a sodium atom loses one electron? A) A negative ion B) A positive ion C) A molecule D) A neutral atom Answer: B
- What is the charge on an oxide ion? A) 1+ B) 2+ C) 1- D) 2- Answer: D
- Which of these ionic compounds has the formula MgCl2? A) Magnesium carbonate B) Magnesium chloride C) Manganese chloride D) Magnesium oxide Answer: B
- Ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten because: A) The electrons are free to move B) The ions are free to move C) The molecules break apart D) The covalent bonds break Answer: B
- In a dot-and-cross diagram for NaCl, the chloride ion is shown with: A) 7 outer electrons B) 8 outer electrons C) 1 outer electron D) No outer electrons Answer: B
Available on the Green Bridge App
Download the Green Bridge CBT app on your phone or computer to access full lesson notes, practice questions, and more.
Available on the Green Bridge App
Download the Green Bridge CBT app on your phone or computer to access full lesson notes, practice questions, and more.
Recommended Books
Practice Mock Questions
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