Genetic Engineering And Cell Division
Overview
Every person with type 1 diabetes who injects insulin today relies on bacteria that have been given a human gene. Genetic engineering lets scientists move a single useful gene between completely different species, turning bacteria into miniature insulin factories and plants into sources of vaccine proteins.
In this lesson you will learn how a gene is cut out, inserted into a vector and used to reprogramme an organism, follow the four stages of mitosis that let a single fertilised egg become a fully grown human body, and weigh up the promise and the ethical difficulties of using stem cells in medicine.
Objectives
- Outline principles of genetic engineering, including the production of genetically modified bacteria to produce human insulin, and the production of genetically modified plants to produce vaccines and to improve health
- Understand that mitosis occurs during growth, repair, cloning and asexual reproduction
- Know the four main stages of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase, which results in the production of two genetically identical diploid daughter cells
- Know that there are different types of stem cells, including embryonic and adult stem cells that have the ability to develop into other body cells
- Describe the advantages, disadvantages and ethics in the research and use of embryonic and adult stem cells
Lesson Note
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Lesson Evaluation
Congratulations on completing the lesson on Genetic Engineering And Cell Division. Now that youve explored the key concepts and ideas, its time to put your knowledge to the test. This section offers a variety of practice questions designed to reinforce your understanding and help you gauge your grasp of the material.
You will encounter a mix of question types, including multiple-choice questions, short answer questions, and essay questions. Each question is thoughtfully crafted to assess different aspects of your knowledge and critical thinking skills.
Use this evaluation section as an opportunity to reinforce your understanding of the topic and to identify any areas where you may need additional study. Don't be discouraged by any challenges you encounter; instead, view them as opportunities for growth and improvement.
- Which enzyme joins the cut ends of a gene and a plasmid together? A) Restriction enzyme B) DNA polymerase C) DNA ligase D) RNA polymerase Answer: C
- What is a plasmid? A) A type of white blood cell B) A small circular loop of bacterial DNA used as a vector C) A stage of mitosis D) An enzyme that cuts DNA Answer: B
- Which stage of mitosis is identified by chromosomes lined up along the centre of the cell? A) Prophase B) Metaphase C) Anaphase D) Telophase Answer: B
- Mitosis produces daughter cells that are: A) Haploid and genetically different B) Diploid and genetically identical C) Diploid and genetically different D) Haploid and genetically identical Answer: B
- Which type of stem cell can differentiate into almost any cell type in the body? A) Adult stem cell B) Embryonic stem cell C) Skin cell D) Red blood cell Answer: B
Available on the Green Bridge App
Download the Green Bridge CBT app on your phone or computer to access full lesson notes, practice questions, and more.
Available on the Green Bridge App
Download the Green Bridge CBT app on your phone or computer to access full lesson notes, practice questions, and more.
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