Biotechnology
Overview
Long before anyone understood DNA, humans were using living organisms to make food: yeast to raise bread and brew alcohol, microbes to make cheese and yoghurt. Today the same idea, harnessing enzymes and microbes in industry, produces biofuels, clearer fruit juice, cleaner laundry and lactose-free milk, often in giant steel fermenters.
In this lesson you will describe the role of anaerobic respiration in yeast for biofuels and bread, the use of pectinase, lactase and the enzymes in biological washing powders, and (for [Supplement]) how fermenters mass-produce insulin, penicillin and mycoprotein under carefully controlled conditions.
Objectives
- Describe the role of anaerobic respiration in yeast during the production of ethanol for biofuels
- Describe the role of anaerobic respiration in yeast during bread-making
- Describe the use of pectinase in fruit juice production
- Investigate and describe the use of biological washing powders that contain enzymes
- [Supplement] Explain the use of lactase to produce lactose- free milk
- [Supplement] Describe how fermenters can be used for the large-scale production of useful products by bacteria and fungi, including insulin, penicillin and mycoprotein
- [Supplement] Describe and explain the conditions that need to be controlled in a fermenter, including: temperature, pH, oxygen, nutrient supply and waste products
Lesson Note
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Lesson Evaluation
Congratulations on completing the lesson on Biotechnology. Now that youve explored the key concepts and ideas, its time to put your knowledge to the test. This section offers a variety of practice questions designed to reinforce your understanding and help you gauge your grasp of the material.
You will encounter a mix of question types, including multiple-choice questions, short answer questions, and essay questions. Each question is thoughtfully crafted to assess different aspects of your knowledge and critical thinking skills.
Use this evaluation section as an opportunity to reinforce your understanding of the topic and to identify any areas where you may need additional study. Don't be discouraged by any challenges you encounter; instead, view them as opportunities for growth and improvement.
- Anaerobic respiration in yeast produces: A. ethanol and carbon dioxide B. oxygen and water C. lactic acid only D. glucose and oxygen Answer: A
- In bread-making, the useful product of yeast fermentation is: A. ethanol B. carbon dioxide C. lactic acid D. oxygen Answer: B
- Pectinase is used in fruit-juice production to: A. add sugar B. break down pectin to release and clarify juice C. kill bacteria D. add colour Answer: B
- Biological washing powders work poorly in very hot water because the enzymes are: A. diluted B. denatured C. frozen D. used up as fuel Answer: B
- [Supplement] Lactase is used to make milk suitable for lactose-intolerant people by: A. removing all sugar B. breaking lactose into glucose and galactose C. adding lactose D. killing bacteria Answer: B
Available on the Green Bridge App
Download the Green Bridge CBT app on your phone or computer to access full lesson notes, practice questions, and more.
Available on the Green Bridge App
Download the Green Bridge CBT app on your phone or computer to access full lesson notes, practice questions, and more.
Recommended Books
Practice Mock Questions
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