JAMB UTME - Government - 2019

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The National Council of Nigerian Citizens (NCNC) produced Nigeria's first Prime Minister, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. NCNC was one of the main political parties in Nigeria during the country's independence movement in the mid-20th century. Balewa, who was a member of the NCNC, became Nigeria's first Prime Minister when the country gained independence from Britain in 1960.

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The National Party of Nigeria (NPN) is popularly known for its Green Revolution agricultural project in the late 1978s.

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The last measure used by pressure groups that involves setting a condition to be met within a specific timeframe is called an "ultimatum". An ultimatum is a final demand or condition that is presented as the last option by a pressure group to achieve their desired outcome. It is often used when other methods like lobbying or dialogue have failed to yield the desired result. The ultimatum usually comes with a threat of action or consequence if the condition is not met within the specified timeframe. For example, a pressure group advocating for better wages for workers may issue an ultimatum to the management of a company, demanding a pay raise for workers within a certain timeframe. If the company fails to meet the condition, the pressure group may resort to more aggressive tactics like strikes or protests.

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A public authority is said to have ultra vires when it has acted beyond the boundaries of its duties as provided for in its enabling law or as prescribed by the Executive.

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A moral or legal conviction for the observance of the constitution may be described as "constitutionalism". Constitutionalism is the principle that a government's authority is derived from and limited by a country's constitution. It means that all individuals, including those in positions of power, are subject to the law and must adhere to the rules and principles outlined in the constitution. Constitutionalism helps to ensure that a government's power is not abused, and that the rights and freedoms of citizens are protected. It also provides a framework for the functioning of the government, its institutions, and its relationship with the people it governs.

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The Murtala/Obasanjo 1976 Reform necessitated the discovery of the essence of a local government council and establishment.

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The legitimate claims and entitlements available to a community of people by reasons of birth, residence, and/or certification are known as their citizenship rights. Citizenship rights refer to the legal, political, and social rights that a person enjoys by being a member of a particular country or state. These rights can include the right to vote, to work, to access healthcare, education, and social services, to own property, to express oneself freely, and to be protected by the law. Citizenship rights are typically based on the principle of jus soli (right of the soil) or jus sanguinis (right of blood), which determine the conditions for acquiring citizenship by birth or descent. In some cases, citizenship can also be acquired through naturalization or marriage. Citizenship rights are an essential component of democratic societies, as they provide a framework for the participation, representation, and protection of all members of a community, regardless of their social status, race, ethnicity, religion, or gender. They reflect the idea that every person has inherent dignity and worth and should be treated with equal respect and consideration under the law. In summary, citizenship rights are a set of legal, political, and social entitlements that are attached to the status of being a citizen and aim to promote the welfare, dignity, and freedom of individuals and the common good of society as a whole.

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The area from which one or more members or representatives are elected to hold public office is called the electoral constituency. This means that the people who live in a particular geographical area, such as a neighborhood or region, get to vote for the person they want to represent them in government. This person can be elected to represent their constituency at the local, state, or national level, depending on the rules of the particular electoral system. The electoral constituency is an important part of the democratic process, as it allows individuals to have a say in who represents them and makes decisions on their behalf.

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The power of impeachment belongs to the legislature to check the Executive act of gross misconduct while Re-call is exercisable within the reach of the electorates.

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2/3 majority support or vote of the National Assembly members was enough under the 1963 Constitution to remove a federal judge.

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The newspaper established by Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe to project the interest of nationalists was the West African Pilot. The West African Pilot was a newspaper founded in 1937 by Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, who later became the first President of Nigeria. The newspaper was established to promote the interests of Nigerian nationalists and to serve as a platform for the expression of their political views and aspirations. The West African Pilot quickly gained popularity and became one of the most influential newspapers in the region. It advocated for Nigerian independence, social justice, and African unity, and featured articles on various topics, including politics, economics, culture, and sports. The newspaper played a critical role in the Nigerian struggle for independence and provided a voice for many Nigerians who felt marginalized or oppressed by the colonial authorities. It also served as a forum for intellectual and cultural debates and helped to shape the identity and consciousness of Nigerians as a people. In summary, the West African Pilot was a newspaper established by Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe to advance the interests of Nigerian nationalists and to promote their vision of a free, just, and prosperous Nigeria. It was a significant force in the political, social, and cultural life of Nigeria and contributed to the emergence of a new generation of leaders and thinkers in the country.

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Citizenship by naturalization refers to the process by which a non-citizen becomes a legal member of a state. It is different from citizenship by marriage or registration, which involve different criteria for obtaining citizenship. Naturalization usually involves satisfying constitutional requirements, such as residing in the country for a certain period of time, passing a citizenship test, and demonstrating knowledge of the country's language and customs. It is an honorable way of attaining citizenship, but it is not an honorary means. Citizenship by birth, on the other hand, is when someone is automatically granted citizenship by being born in a particular country, regardless of their parents' nationality. Naturalization is a legal process that involves the judiciary, but it is not certification for citizenship by birth.

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Popular or political sovereignty belongs to the people through which the government by the constitution obtains all its powers and authorities.

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The Hakimi was the titled administrative officers in charge of the districts in the heterogeneous Hausa/Fulani Empire.

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The General Assembly is the most representative organ of the United Nations. This is because all 193 member states of the United Nations have equal representation in the General Assembly, meaning each country has one vote. The General Assembly meets once a year and is responsible for discussing and making recommendations on a wide range of issues, including peace and security, development, and human rights. The General Assembly is also responsible for electing members to other UN bodies, such as the Security Council and the Economic and Social Council. In this way, the General Assembly represents the collective voice of all member states in the United Nations.

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The basis of the Nigerian foreign policy thrust particularly during the Independence Constitution era was afrocentric in nature. This means that Nigeria prioritized and valued the interests and needs of African nations and people over those of European nations or other foreign powers. The country sought to promote unity and cooperation among African nations, support African liberation movements, and advocate for African self-determination and independence. This policy was based on the belief that African nations should work together to achieve economic, political, and social progress, and that Nigeria had a responsibility to help lead this effort as a newly independent African country.

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Like the series of political office arrangements and portfolios in the Hausa/Fulani Empire i.e the Galadima, Waziri and the rest, deconcentration of power is obtainable unlike in devolution which Options B and D implicitly cover. Option A refers to Decentralization of powers.

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The primary essence of a public corporation is public utility. A public corporation is a legal entity that is created by the government to perform a specific public function. The primary purpose of a public corporation is to provide essential services to the public, such as transportation, water supply, and electricity, among others. These services are necessary for the well-being of the general public, and as such, the public corporation is created to ensure that they are efficiently and effectively provided. While a public corporation may generate revenue and make a profit, the main focus is on providing public services rather than maximizing profits. As a result, a public corporation is subject to more regulation and oversight than a private corporation, as it is accountable to the public and the government. In summary, the primary essence of a public corporation is public utility, as it is created by the government to provide essential services to the public rather than to maximize profits or formulate government policies or resolve administrative disputes.

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The ideology of regressive imperialism is pure economic advantage and enrichment of the imperialists devoid of any ethical consideration.

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Political sovereignty is unlikely to necessitate the emergence of a federal system. A federal system is a form of government that divides power and authority between a central government and regional governments. This type of system is typically adopted when there is a need to accommodate regional differences and diverse interests within a country, while still maintaining a sense of national unity. Social factors, such as differences in language, religion, and ethnicity, can make it difficult to govern a diverse population without a federal system. Geographical factors, such as a large land area or natural barriers, can create regional differences that require different policies and regulations. Cultural diversity, such as different traditions, values, and customs, can lead to conflicts that can be better managed under a federal system. However, political sovereignty, or the ability of a government to exercise authority within its own borders without external interference, is not necessarily a factor that requires a federal system. A country with a strong central government and a relatively homogenous population may not need a federal system to maintain stability and unity. In fact, some countries with high levels of political sovereignty, such as China, have a centralized form of government rather than a federal one.

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The duty of amending the United Nations Charter, the foundational document that established the United Nations, falls under the responsibility of the General Assembly. The General Assembly is the main deliberative body of the United Nations, where all member states have equal representation and participate in decision-making on important issues related to international peace and security, development, human rights, and more. Amending the Charter is a serious matter that requires a consensus among the member states, and the General Assembly plays a critical role in facilitating the process of proposing, debating, and adopting any changes to the Charter. Therefore, the General Assembly is the appropriate body to undertake this responsibility.

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While declaration of war is the duty of the executive, the legislature approves or disapproves of it as embarking on war means and requires additional expenditure and budget scrutiny.

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A liberal political party often seeks to argue for change and transformation of the present state of things in a state including those matters of relative social and economic importance.

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trictly speaking, independence of the judiciary isn't restricted to the idea of non-interference by the legislature or executive or either of agencies on judicial decision making but particularly ensuring that all the gateways to the activities that may put the judiciary in a vulnerable state to the other arms of government must be shut down.

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The implication of the passage of a vote of no confidence is to demonstrate disapproval which will lead to the retirement of the entire cabinet and its head.

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The Authur Richard Constitution of 1946 set the foundational road map for a full fledged federalism for Nigeria starting essentially with the Lyttleton's 1954 Constitution, and built upon thereafter.

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The dwindling and market falls in oil prices are prime indicators for Nigeria's politico-economic consideration for diversification. This means that Nigeria is looking to move away from relying solely on oil as its main source of income and looking to develop other industries and sectors that can contribute to the country's economy. This is important because relying solely on oil can be risky, as the price of oil is often affected by global market forces and can fall suddenly, leading to economic instability. By diversifying its economy, Nigeria can reduce its dependence on oil and become more resilient to economic shocks.

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The Indigenous Policy, also known as Indigenous Administration or Native Policy, was a policy adopted by several European colonial powers in the 19th and 20th centuries, which aimed to manage and control the indigenous populations in their colonies. While all four options listed have had colonies, the Indigenous Policy was particularly associated with the British Crown colonies, which had large populations of indigenous peoples. The British Empire implemented the policy in places such as Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, as well as in African colonies like Kenya and Nigeria. Under this policy, indigenous peoples were often treated as subjects with a separate legal and administrative system from that of the European settlers. They were subjected to various forms of control and exploitation, such as being forced to work in mines or on plantations, or having their land confiscated for European settlement. Overall, while other colonial powers also implemented policies aimed at controlling and exploiting indigenous peoples, the Indigenous Policy is most commonly associated with the British Crown colonies.

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Under the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria, the Chief Law Officer is the Attorney-General and the Supreme Court Judge is the Chief Justice. The Attorney-General is responsible for giving legal advice to the government and representing the government in legal matters. The Chief Justice, on the other hand, is the head of the Supreme Court and presides over the court. The Chief Justice is responsible for ensuring that the judiciary operates effectively and efficiently and for interpreting the constitution.

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The All Progressives Congress (APC) is the result of a merger of four opposition parties in Nigeria. These parties are the All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP), the Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN), the Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), and a faction of the All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA). Therefore, the answer to the question is "United Progressive Grand Alliance (UPGA)" because UPGA is not one of the political parties that merged to form the APC. The APC was formed in 2013 as a response to the ruling People's Democratic Party (PDP) which had been in power since 1999. The merger was aimed at creating a formidable opposition to the PDP in the 2015 general elections, which the APC won, leading to the inauguration of President Muhammadu Buhari as the first opposition candidate to defeat a sitting president in Nigeria's history.

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The West African Students' Union (WASU) was formed in 1925. This was an organization created by students from different countries in West Africa who were studying in Britain. The main goal of the union was to advocate for the rights of West Africans and to promote their interests. It also aimed to foster unity among West African students studying in Britain and to create a sense of identity and belonging. The union was one of the first pan-African organizations to emerge and played an important role in the struggle for independence and self-determination in West Africa.

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The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) is an organ of the United Nations. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization founded in 1945 to promote peace, security, and cooperation among nations. It has 193 member states and operates through various bodies and specialized agencies, one of which is the ECOSOC. The ECOSOC is responsible for promoting international economic and social cooperation and development. It serves as a forum for member states to discuss and coordinate on issues related to economic and social development, and also provides recommendations to the UN General Assembly on these issues. In simple terms, the ECOSOC is a part of the UN that focuses on improving the world's economy and society.

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A predominant feature of the precolonial governance system was that customary laws were prevalent. This means that the laws and rules were based on traditional customs and practices of the communities and were passed down from generation to generation. These customary laws played a significant role in shaping the way people lived and governed themselves. They were generally unwritten and shaped by the cultural, social and economic conditions of the time. The governance structures in these societies were usually based on these customary laws, and the leaders were chosen based on their ability to uphold them.

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At the second stage or reading of a bill, the debate on the subject matter of concern of the bill begins, this process becomes heightened at the Third Stage and particularly at the Committee Stage.

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Unlike the ethnic based philosophy, nature or outlook of the Action Group, Northern Peoples Congress in the First Republic, a multi-ethnic and all embracing political party is that with a Nation wide outlook

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Unlike the position under the present 1999 Constitution as amended, each state was permitted to elect 5 senators into the House of Representatives.

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Recognizing and acknowledging the relative importance of direct participation and contribution by people in their own affairs, the All-Nigerian Constitutional Conference marked an unprecendented attendance of all previously relegated unofficial members of the local legislature.

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Opinion sampling may be necessary for various reasons such as aggregating popular thinking on a subject matter, preparing public expenditure, and evaluating political strength. However, it is not necessary to inspire public reasoning on population census. Opinion sampling is a method used to collect opinions from a sample of people to estimate the opinions of a larger population. It is used in various fields, including market research, politics, and social science research. Aggregating popular thinking on a subject matter is important for making informed decisions that align with the majority's views. Opinion sampling helps to collect and analyze data to reveal trends and patterns in people's thoughts and beliefs. Preparing public expenditure is another area where opinion sampling is necessary. Governments and organizations need to know what the public thinks about specific policies, budgets, and projects. This feedback helps them make decisions that reflect the needs and wants of the people they serve. Similarly, political parties often use opinion sampling to evaluate their political strength. This helps them understand the public's perception of their policies and how they can improve their chances of winning elections. However, inspiring public reasoning on population census does not require opinion sampling. Instead, this involves educating people on the importance of participating in a census and providing accurate information about their demographics.

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The correct answer is the writ of mandamus. A writ of mandamus is a court order that requires a lower court or public corporation to perform its duties as required by law. The writ is used as a legal remedy when a government official or entity refuses to perform a duty that is required by law. This writ is often referred to as the "great writ" because of its power to force public officials to take action. In simple terms, a writ of mandamus is a way for a person to ask a higher court to make a lower court or public corporation do something that it is supposed to do, but is not doing. This helps to ensure that government officials and entities follow the law and perform their duties properly.

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The National Assembly in the second republic was made up of the Lower House and the House of Representatives. The Lower House, also known as the House of Commons, was made up of elected members who represented their constituencies. They were responsible for introducing and passing bills related to the governance of the country. The House of Representatives, on the other hand, was made up of appointed members who represented various interest groups and were tasked with advising the government on policy matters. Together, the Lower House and the House of Representatives formed the National Assembly, which was the legislative arm of the government in the second republic.