Inapakia....
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Bonyeza na Ushikilie kuvuta kuzunguka |
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Bonyeza Hapa Kufunga |
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Swali 1 Ripoti
A union of states with a common recognised authority is
Maelezo ya Majibu
The term you are looking for is a federal system. In a federal system, a group of states, regions, or provinces come together to form a union under a common, central government that has authority over the entire nation. However, each state maintains its own government and has certain powers that are not overridden by the central authority. This system allows for a balance of power between the central government and the individual states. Examples of countries with a federal system include the United States, Canada, and Germany.
In contrast, a unitary system is one where a single central government holds most of the power, and any administrative divisions benefit from devolved powers that can be revoked by the central authority.
A representative system is a form of government where citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf, but it does not inherently describe the relationship between a central authority and regions or states.
A confederal system is a loose alliance of independent states where the central authority has limited power, and the individual states retain the majority of governmental power. It is essentially the opposite of a unitary system.
Swali 2 Ripoti
One of these is not an organ of the Commonwealth of Nations
Maelezo ya Majibu
The **Commonwealth of Nations**, often simply known as the **Commonwealth**, is a political association of 56 member states, most of which are former territories of the British Empire. It is indeed essential to recognize its main organs.
The **Commonwealth Secretariat** is a principal **organ**. It is responsible for the administrative work of the Commonwealth, serving member governments, and acting as a central agency of cooperation for policy development and consensus-building among countries.
The **Assembly of Heads of State and Government** does not exist within the Commonwealth framework as an independent organ. Instead, these leaders meet at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM), which is a summit for current government leaders to discuss pertinent global and Commonwealth issues.
The **Conference of Prime Ministers** is not a permanent organ of the Commonwealth, but it refers historically to meetings of the heads of government, which is similar to CHOGM today.
The **Fund for Technical Cooperation** is an integral financial resource managed by the Commonwealth Secretariat, not an organ in itself. It supports member countries in achieving economic development through technical assistance.
In conclusion, the **Assembly of Heads of State and Government**, as stated, is not an independent **organ** of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Swali 3 Ripoti
The organs of ECOWAS do NOT include the
Maelezo ya Majibu
ECOWAS, which stands for the Economic Community of West African States, is a regional group established to promote economic integration in all fields of economic activity among the West African countries. The organization has several principal organs through which it implements its functions and responsibilities. Here’s a breakdown to clarify which one does not belong:
1. Council of Ministers: This is an organ of ECOWAS, comprising ministers from the member states. It is responsible for taking decisions on matters under the direction of the Heads of State and Government, and for implementing policies.
2. Secretariat: Initially, ECOWAS had a Secretariat, but it has been transformed into the ECOWAS Commission. This change emphasizes greater efficiency and the improvement of ECOWAS's functions. The Commission serves as the executive arm, implementing policies, fostering economic integration, and driving development programs.
3. Conference: There is no organ named “Conference” in ECOWAS. The highest decision-making body within ECOWAS is the Conference of Heads of State and Government. This body sets major priorities and policies, providing direction for the organization.
4. Community Tribunal: ECOWAS has a Community Court of Justice, commonly referred to as the ECOWAS Court of Justice. It ensures the observance of law and justice in the interpretation and application of ECOWAS Treaty provisions.
Based on the information provided, "Conference" is not formally referred to as an organ. Instead, it might refer to the gathering of the Heads of State and Government, which is formally organized but not labeled as an organ.
Swali 4 Ripoti
A form of government where the powers of the state is determined by the citizens is
Maelezo ya Majibu
The form of government where the powers of the state are determined by the citizens is Democracy.
In a Democracy, the power to make decisions about laws, policies, and the leadership of the country is vested in the hands of the people. This is typically done through various forms of participation such as voting in elections. When citizens vote for their leaders and on specific political issues, they exercise their power to shape the way the government operates.
A Democracy is characterized by several core principles:
In contrast to other forms of government such as Monarchy, Aristocracy, and Autocracy, where power is held by one person or a specific group, a Democracy ensures that the power rests with the people, making it the most inclusive form of governance.
Swali 5 Ripoti
The most effective instrument adopted by Nigeria against the East-West Cold War in the 1960s was
Maelezo ya Majibu
In the context of Nigeria during the 1960s, the **most effective instrument** adopted by the country against the East-West Cold War was the **Non-alignment policy**. This policy aimed to maintain Nigeria's independence and neutrality by avoiding formal alliances with either of the two superpower blocs, the United States-led Western bloc or the Soviet Union-led Eastern bloc.
The **Non-alignment policy** provided several key benefits that contributed to its effectiveness:
Independence and Sovereignty: By not aligning with either superpower, Nigeria was able to maintain its sovereignty and make independent foreign policy decisions without the pressure or influence from either side.
Flexibility in Diplomacy: The policy allowed Nigeria to engage diplomatically with various nations, regardless of their ideological leanings. This enabled Nigeria to pursue bilateral relationships that were beneficial for its own national interest without being confined to a specific bloc.
Focus on Development: By adopting a stance of non-alignment, Nigeria could focus more on its domestic economic development and regional leadership within Africa, rather than getting entangled in the Cold War conflicts.
Overall, the **Non-alignment policy** effectively allowed Nigeria to navigate the geopolitical tensions of the Cold War while preserving its independence and focusing on its national interests and development goals.
Swali 6 Ripoti
Lawyers recruited into the civil service belong to the
Maelezo ya Majibu
Lawyers recruited into the civil service belong to the professional class.
The reason for this is quite straightforward. In any organization, whether in the civil service or elsewhere, the term "professional class" often refers to positions that require specialized knowledge and qualifications. Lawyers are individuals who have undergone extensive education and training in the field of law, resulting in a professional degree (such as a Juris Doctor) and often the passing of a bar examination to practice law.
Within the civil service, professions like medicine, accountancy, and law fall under the "professional class" because these roles depend on a specific set of skills and deep knowledge in a regulated field. Lawyers contribute their expertise in legal matters such as policy formulation, compliance, and legislative processes.
In contrast, the other classes you mentioned serve different roles within the civil service:
Given the requirement for specialized legal expertise, lawyers are most suitably classified under the professional class in the civil service.
Swali 7 Ripoti
The political subjugation and economic exploitation of a people is known as
Maelezo ya Majibu
The term that describes the political subjugation and economic exploitation of a people is colonialism.
Colonialism is a practice where a powerful country directly takes control of a weaker country or region. This control often involves sending settlers to occupy the land and rule it politically. The goal of colonialism is typically to extract resources, control trade routes, and exploit the local population for economic gain.
Under colonialism, the indigenous people of a region often suffer because their political freedom is taken away, and they are subjected to foreign rule. The colonizing power can impose its culture, language, and laws on the local population. Economically, the resources of the colonized region are often extracted and used for the benefit of the colonizing country, rather than for the development of the local population. This exploitation often leads to significant inequalities and unfair distribution of wealth.
To summarize, when we talk about political subjugation and economic exploitation of a people, we are referring to colonialism, as it encompasses both the loss of political control by the local populace and the economic exploitation of their resources and labor by a foreign power.
Swali 8 Ripoti
The judgement that ceded and transferred Bakassi legal title from Nigeria to Cameroon was delivered by
Maelezo ya Majibu
The judgement that ceded and transferred the Bakassi Peninsula's legal title from Nigeria to Cameroon was delivered by the International Court of Justice (ICJ). This court is the primary judicial branch of the United Nations, whose role is to settle legal disputes submitted by states and give advisory opinions on legal matters. The ICJ's decision was based on various historical treaties and agreements as well as international law, following a lengthy legal process. In October 2002, the ICJ ruled that the territory legally belonged to Cameroon, and this led to the eventual transfer of the disputed region. Understanding this jurisdiction and the case's global significance can help comprehend international territorial disputes and the function of the ICJ.
Swali 9 Ripoti
The party system that Nigeria operated in the aborted Third Republic is
Maelezo ya Majibu
Nigeria operated a two-party system during the aborted Third Republic. This system involves having only two major political parties that dominate the political landscape, often leading to simpler choices for voters. In the case of Nigeria's Third Republic, the government officially sanctioned and recognized two political parties:
In this system, both parties competed for political power, emulating a structure seen in several Western democracies, such as the United States. The goal was to create a more stable and efficient political environment by reducing the complexities and conflicts that can arise from multiple parties. Unfortunately, this attempt was short-lived because the Third Republic was prematurely ended by a military coup before the system could become entrenched.
Swali 10 Ripoti
The fragmented nature of the Igbo pre-colonial political system qualified it to be described as
Maelezo ya Majibu
The pre-colonial Igbo political system is often described as acephalous in nature. This is because it lacked a centralized authority or head such as a king or chief, which is common in centralized political systems. Instead, the Igbo society was organized around individual communities or villages, each of which had its own set of rules and governance structures. These communities were largely independent and operated through a system of direct democracy.
In the Igbo culture, governance was conducted through a council of elders, age grades, and other traditional institutions. Decisions were made collectively, often through consensus, rather than by a single ruler. This decentralized and balanced approach to governance can also be described as fragmented because power and authority were spread out over various age groups and societal institutions, rather than being concentrated in one central figure or body.
Overall, the Igbo political system exemplified a grassroots and community-centered approach to decision-making, which allowed for a high degree of autonomy and flexibility within each village or community.
Swali 11 Ripoti
Price stability in the international oil market is the major objective of the
Maelezo ya Majibu
The major objective of **price stability in the international oil market** is primarily associated with the **Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)**.
OPEC is an organization consisting of oil-producing countries, and its primary aim is to **coordinate and unify the petroleum policies** of its member countries. This coordination ensures that the oil market is stable, prices are reasonable, and there is a consistent supply of oil to consumers.
OPEC achieves this by determining the **production levels** of its member countries. By doing so, it can either increase or decrease oil production to influence oil prices. For instance, if there is too much oil in the market, leading to falling prices, OPEC may choose to lower production to stabilize or increase prices.
This function is not a direct objective of organizations such as the **United Nations (UN)**, which focuses on maintaining international peace and security, or the **World Trade Organization (WTO)**, which addresses trade rules between countries. Similarly, the **African Union (AU)** concentrates on regional integration and development within Africa.
Swali 12 Ripoti
Which of these is a major challenge of public corporations in Nigeria?
Maelezo ya Majibu
A major challenge of public corporations in Nigeria is political interference. Public corporations in Nigeria often face significant challenges due to political interference for several reasons:
In conclusion, political interference poses a significant challenge because it undermines the ability of public corporations to operate efficiently, make strategic decisions, and focus on their core missions, leading to poor service delivery and financial performance.
Swali 13 Ripoti
The bipolar world was a major factor for the formation of
Maelezo ya Majibu
The term "bipolar world" is often associated with the period during the Cold War, where the world was primarily divided into two major power blocs: the United States and its allies, representing the capitalist Western bloc, and the Soviet Union along with its allies, representing the communist Eastern bloc. This division created a tension-filled global environment where countries felt pressured to align with one of these superpowers.
The formation of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was significantly influenced by this bipolar world order. NAM emerged during the Cold War as countries, primarily from Asia, Africa, and Latin America, sought to maintain their independence and resist becoming pawns in the geopolitical power struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union. These countries desired to avoid being directly involved in the conflict between these two superpowers and instead focus on their own sovereignty, economic development, and social progress.
The philosophy of non-alignment promoted political and economic cooperation, peace, and mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity. It provided a platform that allowed member countries to stand united on certain issues without being categorized as belonging to either the Western or Eastern bloc. Thus, the bipolar dynamics of the global order encouraged these countries to form a movement where they could pursue a path free from the direct influence of the two superpowers.
Swali 14 Ripoti
The collective views of the citizens on a specific national matter is
Maelezo ya Majibu
The collective views of the citizens on a specific national matter is known as public opinion.
Public opinion refers to the aggregate of individual attitudes or beliefs about a particular topic or issue that is significant to the society at large. It represents the general consensus or the majority viewpoint of the people within a nation. This opinion is often measured through surveys, polls, media reports, and other means of gauging how the populace feels or thinks about a specific matter.
Public opinion is vital in a democracy because it can influence policy decisions, election outcomes, and the actions of government officials. It reflects what citizens believe to be important, usually based on their values, experiences, and available information.
In summary, public opinion is the term that best describes the aggregate views of individuals within a society on issues of national importance.
Swali 15 Ripoti
The first constitution to introduce a presidential system was the
Maelezo ya Majibu
To answer the question about which constitution first introduced a presidential system, it is important to understand that a presidential system is a form of government where the president is the head of state as well as the head of government, and there is a distinct separation between the executive and legislative branches.
The constitution that introduced the presidential system for the first time in Nigeria was the 1979 Constitution. This constitution marked a significant departure from the previously used parliamentary system, adopting a system more similar to that of the United States. In the 1979 Constitution of Nigeria, the president was given executive powers, separating this role from the legislature, which was a distinct shift in governance structure. This move aimed to enhance checks and balances, and prevent the concentration of power in a single branch of government.
In conclusion, the 1979 Constitution was pivotal in introducing the presidential system to Nigeria.
Swali 16 Ripoti
The Commission that examines complaints of civil wrongs committed by government employees is
Maelezo ya Majibu
The Commission responsible for examining complaints of civil wrongs committed by government employees is the Public Complaints Commission. This body is often referred to as the "Ombudsman." It acts as a mediator between the public and the government.
The primary role of the Public Complaints Commission is to investigate complaints against administrative actions that were seen as unjust, unfair, or oppressive by government officials. It aims to ensure that government employees uphold standards of fairness and transparency in their dealings with the public. The commission seeks to remedy any wrong actions taken and recommends ways to avoid such issues in the future.
By addressing these complaints, the Commission helps maintain trust in public services by holding government employees accountable and striving to improve administrative processes for better public service delivery.
Swali 17 Ripoti
The Aburi Accord was a popular phrase during the administration of
Maelezo ya Majibu
The Aburi Accord was a popular phrase during the administration of General Yakubu Gowon. This accord refers to a series of negotiations and agreements that took place in January 1967 at Aburi, Ghana, involving representatives of the military government of Nigeria and regional leaders to address the growing political tensions in Nigeria.
The primary aim of the Aburi Accord was to resolve disagreements about the country's governance and to prevent a looming civil war. Key issues discussed included the decentralization of power, the military structure, and resource control. Unfortunately, the agreements made at Aburi were not fully implemented upon return to Nigeria, leading to further tensions.
The failure to adhere to the Aburi Accord was one of the factors that contributed to the outbreak of the Nigerian Civil War, also known as the Biafran War, in 1967. Therefore, the Aburi Accord is closely associated with General Yakubu Gowon's leadership during that critical time in Nigeria's history.
Swali 18 Ripoti
The Nigerian Youth Movement pursued its objectives through the use of
Maelezo ya Majibu
The Nigerian Youth Movement (NYM) played a significant role in advocating for the rights and interests of Nigerians during the colonial period. They pursued their objectives through a mix of **protest**, **newspapers**, and **strike actions**. Here’s a simple explanation:
The combination of these strategies helped the Nigerian Youth Movement to effectively pursue their objectives and lay the groundwork for future political activism in Nigeria. They demonstrated the power of organized advocacy in challenging unjust systems.
Swali 19 Ripoti
Lack of separation of power is a feature of
Maelezo ya Majibu
Lack of separation of power is primarily a feature of a military government.
In a typical democratic framework, like a presidential system or a cabinet system, power is usually divided among different branches: the executive, the legislative, and the judiciary. This division is known as the separation of powers. It ensures that no single entity has absolute control, and it balances the powers among various branches of government.
On the other hand, a military government usually centralizes power within a single authority or group, often led by military leaders. In such systems, the military might control the executive power and possibly influence or directly control legislative and judicial functions. This centralized control eliminates the typical checks and balances provided by a separation of powers, leading to a system where one group or leader may wield broad, unchecked authority.
Swali 20 Ripoti
Military intervention in Nigerian politics was first witnessed in
Maelezo ya Majibu
The first military intervention in Nigerian politics occurred in the year 1966. This intervention marked a significant and drastic shift in Nigeria's political landscape. Prior to this, Nigeria had functioned as a parliamentary democracy after gaining independence from British colonial rule in 1960.
In January 1966, Nigeria experienced its first military coup, which was led by a group of army officers. These officers were dissatisfied with the political climate at the time, which was characterized by alleged corruption, ethnic tension, and political instability within the civilian government.
During the coup, several political leaders, including the Prime Minister, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, were assassinated. This coup ultimately led to the suspension of the constitution and the end of the First Republic, paving the way for military rule in Nigeria.
The consequences of this intervention were far-reaching, as it started a series of coups and counter-coups in the years that followed, profoundly impacting Nigeria's political history and development. The military would go on to rule for many years, with brief interruptions by civilian administrations, until the eventual return to civilian rule in 1999.
Swali 21 Ripoti
NEPAD stands for
Maelezo ya Majibu
NEPAD stands for New Partnerships for Africa's Development.
The New Partnerships for Africa's Development (NEPAD) is an economic policy framework for Africa that was established by African leaders in the early 2000s. The main aim of NEPAD is to address challenges facing African countries through a novel partnership approach. This approach is centered on providing African solutions by promoting cooperation, collaboration, and mutual assistance among African states.
NEPAD focuses on several key areas including economic growth, sustainable development, regional integration, and political governance. It recognizes that in order to foster development, there needs to be dedication from African leaders to implement strategies that prioritize the welfare of their people, investment in infrastructure, advancement in technology, and agricultural growth.
Through NEPAD, Africa seeks to achieve strategic objectives such as eradicating poverty, placing Africa on a sustainable development path, halting the marginalization of Africa in the globalization process, and enhancing the role of women in all activities. By establishing new partnerships within Africa and with the international community, NEPAD aims to facilitate the attainment of its goals.
Swali 22 Ripoti
The right to vote and be voted for is
Maelezo ya Majibu
The right to vote and be voted for is commonly referred to as a franchise or electoral right. This right is a vital aspect of a democratic society, allowing citizens to participate in choosing their government representatives and leaders. It ensures that the government reflects the will of the people. By voting, individuals express their preferences and influence the decision-making process within their country.
The terms franchise and electoral right can be used interchangeably in this context; however, the term "franchise" traditionally emphasizes the right to vote specifically, while "electoral right" may encompass broader participation in the electoral process, including being a candidate in elections.
While it is a form of freedom of expression, because through voting you express your choices, and it can be considered a fundamental human right in democratic societies, the specific term that directly identifies the right to vote and be elected is franchise.
Swali 23 Ripoti
The electoral process in a representative government does NOT include
Maelezo ya Majibu
In a representative government, the electoral process is fundamentally about ensuring that citizens have a clear path to select their representatives. This includes conducting free and fair elections where all eligible voters can participate without undue influence or barriers. An independent electoral commission is also essential as it ensures that the process is managed fairly, transparently, and impartially.
Additionally, a free press plays a pivotal role in keeping the electorate informed. It allows for the dissemination of information and offers a platform for public discussion, ensuring voters understand the choices available to them.
However, registration of birth is not a direct part of the electoral process. While birth registration is important for documenting an individual's existence and identity, it is not a step in the process of organizing or conducting elections. It is more of a civil registration system that helps in establishing the identity for various purposes, which can indirectly relate to voter identification, but it is not an electoral activity in itself.
Thus, registration of birth is the element that does not directly belong to the electoral process in a representative government.
Swali 24 Ripoti
The main argument against the 1999 Constitution is that
Maelezo ya Majibu
The **1999 Constitution** of Nigeria is often criticized primarily because it was **imposed by the military**. Here is a simple explanation of this argument:
Imposed by the Military:
One of the primary criticisms of the 1999 Constitution is that it was crafted and enacted under the military regime of **General Abdulsalami Abubakar** without broad-based public participation or input. This means that it was not derived from a comprehensive democratic consensus but rather from a top-down decree format. Many critics argue that because it was imposed by the military, it lacks **legitimacy** and does not truly reflect the aspirations and desires of the Nigerian people.
Other points of argument can be discussed for a comprehensive understanding:
The Executive Have Immunity Clause:
This clause provides certain immunities for the president, vice president, governors, and deputy governors from civil or criminal prosecutions while in office. Critics argue that this provision grants too much protection to these officeholders and can be a shield against accountability.
It is Expensive to Operate:
The constitution provides for a large and complex government structure, with a **bicameral legislature, multiple layers of political offices**, and robust financial allocations for running these structures. Maintaining such a system is considered costly and may divert essential resources from pressing national developmental needs.
It Did Not Create Additional States:
Another argument is its failure to create additional states to correct perceived imbalances or foster further decentralization. Some groups feel underrepresented and believe that creating more states could enhance political representation and economic distribution.
In summary, while the most significant argument remains its military origin, other structural issues and ramifications inherent in the constitution contribute to the critiques it faces.
Swali 25 Ripoti
The fundamental law containing the rules and principles governing a country is the
Maelezo ya Majibu
The fundamental law containing the rules and principles governing a country is the constitution. It is a formal document that outlines the structure of the government, the powers and responsibilities of different branches, and the rights of the citizens.
Here's why the constitution plays a crucial role:
In contrast, conventions refer to unwritten practices or customs; acts of parliament are specific laws passed by the legislative branch; and judicial review is the process through which courts interpret the constitutionality of legislative and executive actions. However, none of these play the comprehensive role that the constitution does in governing the foundational aspects of a country.
Swali 26 Ripoti
The June 12 election in Nigeria was annulled by the regime of
Maelezo ya Majibu
The June 12, 1993, presidential election in Nigeria, widely regarded as one of the country's fairest and freest elections, was annulled by the regime of **Ibrahim Babangida**. General Babangida was the military ruler of Nigeria from 1985 to 1993. Under his leadership, the country was in a political transition towards democracy.
The election saw **Chief Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola**, often referred to as M.K.O. Abiola, as the leading candidate. However, despite being a pivotal moment that could have ushered in democratic governance, the election results were never officially released, and the election was annulled on June 23, 1993, by Babangida's administration. This decision led to political unrest and was widely condemned both domestically and internationally.
There were several factors and speculations surrounding the annulment, such as allegations of electoral malpractice, but many believed it was due to military and political interest in maintaining power and control over Nigeria's political sphere. The annulment had far-reaching consequences, including political instability and eventually contributing to the continuation of military rule until democratic elections were finally held in 1999.
Swali 27 Ripoti
Under the Hausa pre-colonial administration, the office of the Prime Minister is usually occupied by
Maelezo ya Majibu
In Hausa pre-colonial administration, the office of the Prime Minister was usually occupied by the Waziri. The Hausa societies during pre-colonial times had a well-structured and organized system of governance similar to a centralized form of government.
The Sarki, or king, was the head of the administration, but he had a council of officials to help with governance. Among these officials, the Waziri was considered the most important after the king. He played a significant role in administration, acting as the chief advisor and assistant to the Sarki. The Waziri was responsible for advising the Sarki on state matters and often managed day-to-day administrative duties, making him equivalent to what we might think of as a Prime Minister today.
The Galadima was usually responsible for the affairs of the city, and the Madawaki typically handled military matters, specifically relating to cavalry. Thus, the role of the Waziri was more aligned with the duties of a Prime Minister.
Swali 28 Ripoti
The famous Italian Fascist leader was
Maelezo ya Majibu
The famous Italian Fascist leader was Benito Mussolini.
Benito Mussolini was an influential figure in early 20th-century Europe and the founder of Italian Fascism. He was born on July 29, 1883, in Predappio, Italy, and became the Prime Minister of Italy in 1922. Mussolini’s governance was characterized by the establishment of a dictatorship, as he dismantled democratic institutions and promoted a totalitarian state. Under Fascism, Mussolini sought to create a centralized autocratic government, where the nation-state and its values were held above individual rights.
Mussolini aligned with Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany before and during World War II, which ultimately led to Italy's involvement in the war. His reign ended in 1943, and he was eventually captured and executed by Italian partisans in 1945. Benito Mussolini remains a significant figure in history for his role in the development and spread of Fascist ideologies.
Swali 29 Ripoti
The Nigerian Civil War was fought during the military regime of
Maelezo ya Majibu
The Nigerian Civil War, also known as the Biafran War, was fought during the military regime of Yakubu Gowon. This war lasted from 1967 to 1970. It began due to ethnic, political, economic, and religious tensions among the various regions of Nigeria.
Yakubu Gowon became the head of state after Major General Aguiyi Ironsi was assassinated in 1966. Gowon was tasked with keeping Nigeria united during a period of intense upheaval. When the Southeastern region, led by Colonel Odumegwu Ojukwu, declared independence as the Republic of Biafra in 1967, it led to a brutal and devastating conflict.
Gowon's administration focused on reunifying the country through military action, which eventually led to the surrender of Biafra in 1970. Under his leadership, efforts were made to rebuild and reconcile the nation following the end of hostilities. Thus, the Nigerian Civil War is closely associated with Yakubu Gowon's regime.
Swali 30 Ripoti
Recruitment and promotion of civil servants in Nigeria remain the responsibility of
Maelezo ya Majibu
The responsibility for the recruitment and promotion of civil servants in Nigeria falls under the **Civil Service Commission**. This Commission is an essential governmental body specifically tasked with overseeing and managing the employment lifecycle of civil servants within the public sector. This includes their **recruitment**, **promotion**, **disciplinary actions**, and **retirement**.
The **Civil Service Commission** is designed to ensure that there is a **fair and transparent** process in the management of civil servants, which is crucial for upholding the principles of **meritocracy** and **efficiency** in public service. They are responsible for setting **guidelines**, conducting **interviews**, administering **exams**, and executing **promotional reviews** to ensure that the principles of a **professional and accountable civil service** are maintained.
In summary, while there are other commissions for specific sectors such as the **Federal Character Commission**, **National Universities Commission**, and the **Federal Judicial Commission**, it is the **Civil Service Commission** that is primarily concerned with the affairs of civil servants in terms of recruitment and promotion. Their work plays a critical role in maintaining a **competent and equitable** public service system in Nigeria.
Swali 31 Ripoti
The commander of the army under the Hausa/ Fulani pre-colonial administration was
Maelezo ya Majibu
Under the Hausa/Fulani pre-colonial administration, the **commander of the army** was known as the Madawaki. The Hausa/Fulani societies in pre-colonial times had an organized political structure in which roles and titles were clearly defined. The Madawaki was charged with the responsibility of leading the army, planning military strategies, and ensuring the security and defense of the state.
In contrast, other titles like Waziri, Galadima, and Maaji were associated with different administrative or advisory roles. The Waziri acted as the chief adviser or prime minister to the ruler, the Galadima was responsible for the administration of a particular province or area, while the Maaji handled financial matters and the treasury. Each of these roles was crucial to the functioning of the state, but the primary responsibility for military leadership rested with the Madawaki.
Swali 32 Ripoti
One of the functions of political party is
Maelezo ya Majibu
One of the primary functions of a political party is the organisation of elections. Political parties are crucial in the democratic process, as they **help to organize and manage election campaigns** to ensure that their candidates have the best opportunity to be elected. This involves several steps, including candidate selection, organizing rallies, preparing campaign materials, and mobilizing voters to participate in the election. By effectively organizing elections, political parties can present their policies and candidates to the electorate, which allows citizens to make informed decisions about who they want to represent them in government. This process is essential for the functioning of democratic systems as it provides a structured way for citizens to engage politically and express their preferences.
Swali 33 Ripoti
The rule of law is an essential ingredient of
Maelezo ya Majibu
The rule of law is an essential ingredient of democracy.
To understand why, let me explain the key concepts:
Rule of Law: It means that the laws of a country are applied equally and fairly to all its citizens. No one is above the law, not even leaders or government officials. It ensures justice, equality, and accountability within a society.
Democracy: It is a system of government where the power comes from the people. Citizens elect representatives to make decisions and create laws on their behalf. Democracy relies on principles such as freedom, equality, and transparency.
Now, let's see why the rule of law is crucial for democracy:
In summary, without the rule of law, a democracy cannot function effectively as it ensures that everyone is treated fairly, rights are upheld, and government power is kept in check.
Swali 34 Ripoti
A major instrument designed to promote the workings of Nigerian federalism is
Maelezo ya Majibu
A major instrument designed to promote the workings of Nigerian federalism is the Federal Character Commission.
The Federal Character Commission (FCC) is tasked with ensuring that there is equal representation and diversity across all sectors of the Nigerian government, which is crucial for maintaining balance in a federal system like Nigeria's. Nigeria is a multicultural and multi-ethnic nation, and federalism here demands that every ethnic group feels represented and included in government affairs.
The FCC works to ensure that appointments and the distribution of resources reflect the geographic diversity of the country. It aims to eliminate any form of dominance by a particular region or group over others, thus promoting fairness and inclusivity. This is key to fostering national unity and stability, as it helps to prevent regional and ethnic tensions by giving all groups a sense of participation in the federation.
By focusing on equitable inclusion, the Federal Character Commission plays a vital role in enhancing social cohesion, which is essential for the effective functioning of Nigerian federalism.
Swali 35 Ripoti
Which of the following is a basic feature of the rule of law?
Maelezo ya Majibu
The rule of law is a fundamental concept in legal and political theory that ensures that all individuals and entities are subject to and accountable to law that is fairly applied and enforced. Among the features listed, a basic feature of the rule of law is the concept of Equality before the law.
Equality before the law means that every person, regardless of status, wealth, ethnicity, or power, is subject to the same laws and entitled to the same legal protections. This feature ensures that the laws are applied uniformly, providing a foundation for fairness and justice in society. It contrasts with practices or systems where certain individuals or groups may be above the law or treated differently based on arbitrary distinctions.
In comparison, the other features mentioned, such as secret trials of offenders, unlimited power of the executive, and a dependent judiciary, do not align with the principles of the rule of law. Secret trials undermine transparency and accountability, unlimited power of the executive leads to tyranny, and a dependent judiciary erodes justice by compromising independence and impartiality.
Swali 36 Ripoti
The principle of civil service that guarantees the employment of public workers is
Maelezo ya Majibu
The principle of civil service that guarantees the employment of public workers is permanence.
Permanence refers to the idea that civil servants have stable and long-term employment. Once they are appointed to a civil service position, they usually remain in that position or within the civil service system for most of their working life, provided they perform satisfactorily and comply with the rules and regulations of public service. This stability means they are not subject to frequent job changes, political transitions, or arbitrary dismissals.
The concept of permanence helps maintain a professional and efficient bureaucracy. Civil servants can focus on implementing policies and serving the public rather than worrying about job security. It also helps to ensure that the institution retains skilled and experienced personnel over time.
Swali 37 Ripoti
Absence of a Red-tape is a merit of
Maelezo ya Majibu
The **absence of red tape** is typically considered a merit of a **unitary government structure**.
Here's why:
Overall, the **unitary structure** is seen as an efficient means to enact policies and changes due to the **reduction of procedural hurdles** that are more common in other government structures.
Swali 38 Ripoti
naturalised citizen can lose his citizenship if found guilty of
Maelezo ya Majibu
A naturalized citizen is someone who has obtained citizenship by fulfilling the legal criteria set by a country. However, even after becoming a citizen, certain serious offenses can lead to the revocation of one's citizenship.
The offense that can lead to the loss of citizenship for a naturalized citizen is treason. Treason is defined as the act of betraying one's own country by attempting to overthrow the government or harming the nation's sovereignty.
This is because treason signifies a fundamental betrayal of the nation's trust and security. Countries take this offense very seriously, as it poses a direct threat to national security and the well-being of its citizens.
On the other hand, offenses such as evading taxes, electoral violence, or loitering, although potentially serious, do not typically result in the loss of citizenship. These crimes are usually addressed through other legal penalties like fines, imprisonment, or other corrective measures.
Swali 39 Ripoti
One of the internal factors that led to the rise and growth of nationalism in Nigeria was
Maelezo ya Majibu
One of the internal factors that contributed significantly to the rise and growth of nationalism in Nigeria was the return of ex-service men after World War II. These men had served alongside soldiers from other nations, gaining exposure to international ideas and practices. Here is a simple explanation:
In summary, the return of ex-service men was a catalyst in fostering a stronger sense of national identity and solidarity among Nigerians, fueling the desire for independence and self-governance.
Swali 40 Ripoti
The power of prerogative of mercy rests with the
Maelezo ya Majibu
The power of prerogative of mercy is vested in the executive branch of government. This power allows the head of the executive, usually the president or governor, to exercise mercy in the case of criminal offenders. This can include granting pardons, reducing sentences, or commuting penalties. The purpose is to provide a means to achieve justice or compassion beyond the scope of the judiciary.
Key Points:
Je, ungependa kuendelea na hatua hii?