JAMB UTME - Christian Religious Studies - 2022

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According to James, the man who prays to God and at the same time doubts is "double-minded". This means that the person is not fully committed to their faith or belief in God, and is also entertaining thoughts or feelings of doubt and uncertainty. Being double-minded can lead to indecision and inconsistency in one's actions, as the person may vacillate between trusting in God and relying on their own understanding or worldly knowledge. James suggests that such a person is unstable and unlikely to receive anything from God because their faith is not steadfast. Therefore, in order to receive answers to prayers, James encourages believers to have unwavering faith and to trust in God wholeheartedly without doubting.

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The laws given by Moses to the children of Israel in Sinai have striking similarities with the Code of Hammurabi. The Code of Hammurabi is a set of ancient Babylonian laws created by King Hammurabi around 1754 BCE. These laws were inscribed on a large stele and included regulations for criminal and civil matters, as well as rules for commerce, property, and family law. Many of the laws given by Moses in Sinai, which are recorded in the Hebrew Bible, show striking similarities to the Code of Hammurabi. For example, both sets of laws include rules for restitution, compensation, and punishment for crimes such as theft, murder, and false witness. Additionally, both the Code of Hammurabi and the laws given by Moses contain provisions for protecting the rights of women, children, and slaves. They also both reflect the cultural values and beliefs of their respective societies. Overall, while there are some differences between the two legal codes, the similarities suggest that the laws given by Moses may have been influenced by earlier legal traditions, such as the Code of Hammurabi.

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Paul, a disciple of Jesus and an apostle, wrote letters to early Christian communities that are now part of the New Testament in the Bible. In one of his letters, he advised Christians to avoid associating with a brother who is "living in idleness". This means to avoid being close friends with someone who is lazy and not working to support themselves. Paul believed that it was important for each person to contribute to society and not be a burden on others. He encouraged Christians to live responsible and productive lives and to avoid those who do not follow this principle.

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Before the disciples cast lots and chose Matthias to replace Judas Iscariot, the other candidate they considered was Joseph, also known as Barsabbas. In Acts 1:23-26 of the New Testament of the Bible, the disciples gathered together to choose a replacement for Judas Iscariot, who had betrayed Jesus and later died. Two men were nominated as candidates to fill the position, Joseph and Matthias. The disciples prayed for guidance and then cast lots to determine which one of the two should be chosen. The lot fell on Matthias, who was then numbered among the twelve apostles. Joseph, on the other hand, is not mentioned again in the Bible after this incident.

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The missing word in the phrase is "righteousness." This phrase is a quotation from the Book of Amos in the Old Testament of the Bible. In this passage, the prophet Amos is calling for justice and righteousness to be established in society, so that all people can be treated fairly and with equity. The metaphor of water is used to convey the idea that justice and righteousness should flow continuously and abundantly, like the waters of a river or a stream. It should not be a mere trickle or a temporary solution, but rather a constant and overwhelming force that cleanses and purifies society. Thus, the phrase "Let justice roll down like waters and righteousness like an overflowing stream" is a powerful call to action for people to work towards creating a more just and equitable society, where everyone is treated with fairness and dignity.

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When Paul was arrested in Jerusalem, none of the aforementioned groups explicitly supported him. However, some members of the Pharisees seemed sympathetic to Paul's defense during his trial before the Sanhedrin, the Jewish council that held authority in Jerusalem. They argued that Paul should not be condemned without a fair trial and that he may be a messenger from God. So, while the Pharisees did not offer direct support to Paul, some of them did express a measure of sympathy for his situation.

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Moses and Elijah appeared to represent the law and the prophets at the Transfiguration of Jesus. Moses was a leader of the Israelites and is considered the author of the first five books of the Old Testament, which contain the laws and commandments given to the Israelites. Elijah was a prophet in the Old Testament who spoke for God and delivered messages to the people of Israel. Together, Moses and Elijah symbolize the law and the prophets, which were the two main forms of guidance and instruction for the Israelites in the Old Testament. This appearance at the Transfiguration showed that Jesus was the fulfillment of both the law and the prophets and was accepted by God as the promised savior.

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The person who deceitfully took 150 pounds of silver in two bags and two changes of clothes against the wish of his master was Gehazi. Gehazi was the servant of the prophet Elisha in the Bible, and he took these items from Naaman, a commander of the Syrian army, who had been healed by Elisha. Even though Elisha refused to accept any gifts or payment from Naaman for the healing, Gehazi secretly went after Naaman and lied to him, saying that Elisha had changed his mind and now needed some of the items. Naaman believed Gehazi and gave him the silver and clothes, but when Gehazi returned to Elisha, he was exposed as a liar and punished for his greed.

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The correct answer is "Thessalonians." In Paul's letter to the Thessalonians, he wrote about the end of the world and the coming of Jesus Christ to gather his followers. Paul explained that everyone, both the living and the dead, will share in Christ's Resurrection at the time of his Second Coming. This means that those who have already died and those who are still alive will all come back to life and be with Jesus forever. This event is a central belief in Christianity and is seen as a time of judgment and reward for people's actions during their lives.

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The words "Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani?" as Jesus' words at the ninth hour are recorded in the accounts of Matthew and Mark. These words, which are often translated as "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?" are part of the account of the crucifixion of Jesus, as recorded in the New Testament of the Bible. According to Matthew and Mark, Jesus spoke these words on the cross at the ninth hour, just before he died. The other options - John and Matthew, Luke and Mark, and Luke and John - are combinations of two of the four gospel writers in the New Testament, but they do not specifically mention the words "Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani?" being recorded in their accounts. John, Luke, Matthew, and Mark are known as the four gospel writers, each of whom wrote a separate account of the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

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The son being referred to in this passage is John the Baptist. This statement comes from the Gospel of Luke in the New Testament, where the angel Gabriel appears to Zechariah, a Jewish priest, and tells him that his wife Elizabeth, who was previously unable to conceive, will bear a son. This son is to be named John and is said to be a prophet who will prepare the way for the Lord, referring to Jesus. Therefore, this statement is a prophecy about the birth of John the Baptist, who played an important role in preparing the way for the ministry of Jesus.

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After the Israelites complained to Moses and Aaron, the Lord promised to feed them with bread in the morning. This bread was called manna, and it miraculously appeared every day on the ground around the Israelites' camp in the wilderness. The Israelites were instructed to collect only enough manna for each day, as any leftover manna would spoil by the next morning. Manna was the main source of food for the Israelites during their 40 years of wandering in the desert.

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The first place the disciples were called Christians was in Antioch. Antioch was a city in ancient Syria and was one of the earliest centers of Christianity. According to the New Testament, the followers of Jesus were first called "Christians" in Antioch by non-believers. This name stuck and has been used to refer to followers of Jesus ever since.

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"Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God." This is a phrase from the Bible, specifically from the Sermon on the Mount in the book of Matthew. It is part of the Beatitudes, a list of blessings that Jesus proclaimed to the people. Being "pure in heart" means having a sincere and untainted heart, free from deceit and evil intentions. According to this blessing, those who are pure in heart will have the privilege of seeing God, which can be interpreted as experiencing a close and intimate relationship with God, or having a spiritual vision of God's presence and glory. In simple terms, this blessing tells us that if we strive to have a good and honest heart, we will be rewarded with a deeper connection to God.

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The penultimate plague God put in Egypt before the Israelites were set free was the Plague of Darkness. This was a supernatural darkness that covered the land of Egypt for three days, during which time nobody could see or move around. The darkness was so thick that it could be felt, and it was said to be a darkness that could be "felt". According to the Bible, the Plague of Darkness was sent by God to punish Pharaoh and the Egyptians for refusing to let the Israelites leave Egypt. The darkness was a sign of God's power and a warning to Pharaoh that he needed to obey God's command to release the Israelites. It was also a way to protect the Israelites from any potential attacks by the Egyptians during their journey to freedom. After the three days of darkness had passed, Pharaoh agreed to release the Israelites. This led to the final plague, the Plague of the Firstborn, in which the firstborn of all the Egyptians were killed, but the Israelites were spared because they had followed God's instructions to mark their doors with the blood of a sacrificial lamb. This event is commemorated in the Jewish holiday of Passover.

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According to Paul, those who rebel against authority will bring judgement on themselves. This means that if someone goes against those who have been appointed to lead or govern, they will face consequences for their actions. Paul believed that there was a divine order to society and that those in positions of authority were put there by God. Therefore, rebelling against them was rebelling against God's will and would bring negative consequences.

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The statement "But now that faith has come, we are no longer under a custodian..." was made by Paul in his letter to the Galatians. In this statement, Paul is referring to the Old Testament law, which he calls a "custodian" or "tutor" that was in place until the coming of Jesus Christ. Paul's argument in the letter to the Galatians is that faith in Jesus Christ is the way to be justified or made right with God, rather than following the works of the law. He is explaining that the law served as a temporary guide or guardian to point people toward Christ, but now that Christ has come and faith in Him is available, the law is no longer needed as a custodian. In simpler terms, Paul is saying that following the Old Testament law was a temporary measure to guide people towards faith in Christ. But now that Christ has come, we no longer need to rely on the law as a guide or guardian, because faith in Christ is enough to justify us before God.

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According to Paul, anyone who performs acts of mercy should do so with generosity and liberality. By "generosity," Paul means that people should give freely and generously without expecting anything in return. In other words, they should give because they want to help others, not because they want recognition or reward. By "liberality," Paul means that people should give with an open heart and a willingness to help others in need. This includes being willing to sacrifice their time, resources, and energy to help others. Overall, Paul is emphasizing the importance of performing acts of mercy with a genuine desire to help others, rather than simply going through the motions. His message is that acts of mercy are not just about what you do, but also about the attitude with which you do them.

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Jesus addressed this statement to Martha, the sister of Lazarus, who had just died. He told her this to comfort and reassure her that her brother would rise again and that those who believe in Him will never truly die. He was trying to convey the message of eternal life through faith in Him.

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Joseph's brothers conspired to kill him in Shechem. Shechem was a city in the region of Canaan where the family of Jacob (also known as Israel), including Joseph and his brothers, lived. According to the Bible, Joseph's brothers were jealous of him because he was their father's favorite son and he had received special attention from him, including a coat of many colors. They plotted to kill Joseph, but instead of killing him, they sold him into slavery and told their father that he had been killed by a wild animal.

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The miracle performed by Jesus which is recorded in all four gospels is the Feeding of the Five thousand. This miracle happened when Jesus took five loaves of bread and two fish and used them to feed a large crowd of people who had come to listen to him preach. He blessed the food and broke it into pieces, and his disciples distributed it to the crowd. Despite the fact that there was not enough food to feed so many people, everyone was able to eat their fill, and there were even twelve baskets of food left over. This miracle is significant because it demonstrates Jesus' power to provide for and nourish his followers, both physically and spiritually.

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The men who said, "If it be so, our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from the burning fiery furnace," were Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, and they were thrown into the furnace by King Nebuchadnezzar. King Nebuchadnezzar had made a golden statue and commanded that everyone in his kingdom worship it. However, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, who were Jews, refused to worship the statue and remained faithful to their God. This angered the king, and he ordered that they be thrown into a fiery furnace as punishment. But the three men expressed their faith in God and said that they believed He would be able to save them from the furnace. Their faith was rewarded when God miraculously saved them from the fire, and they emerged unharmed.

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The reason why the Lord told Solomon his kingdom would be divided after his death was because he had married many foreign women who worshiped other gods. Solomon had allowed these wives to influence him and turn his heart away from God, causing him to follow their gods and worship idols. This angered the Lord and he warned Solomon that as a result, his kingdom would be taken away from his family and divided into two parts. Building the temple and killing Uriah were not directly related to this prophecy.

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Jeremiah was a prophet in the Old Testament of the Bible, and he had multiple visions from God throughout his ministry. The exact number of visions that he had is not explicitly stated in the Bible, but he describes several different visions in the book of Jeremiah. Some of the most well-known visions that he saw include: 1. The Almond Branch (Jeremiah 1:11-16) - Jeremiah saw a branch of an almond tree, which God told him symbolized God's watchful eye over His people and His readiness to carry out His word. 2. The Boiling Pot (Jeremiah 1:13-19) - Jeremiah saw a boiling pot tilted away from the north, symbolizing the impending invasion from the north by the Babylonians. 3. The Two Baskets of Figs (Jeremiah 24:1-10) - Jeremiah saw two baskets of figs, one full of good figs and one full of bad figs, symbolizing the people of Judah who would either be exiled or spared during the Babylonian invasion. 4. The Destruction of Jerusalem (Jeremiah 32:1-5) - Jeremiah saw the Babylonian army besieging and ultimately destroying Jerusalem, which was a prophetic warning to the people of Judah to repent and turn back to God before it was too late. These are just a few examples of the visions that Jeremiah saw throughout his ministry, and there were likely many more that are not specifically recorded in the Bible.

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The royal law according to the epistle of James is "loving one's neighbor as oneself". In James 2:8, it says "If you really keep the royal law found in Scripture, 'Love your neighbor as yourself,' you are doing right." In this context, the royal law refers to the law of love and it is considered to be the most important commandment. James emphasizes that following this law is essential for living a righteous life as a Christian.

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In the Bible, God's message to Nineveh was that He was going to overthrow them in forty days. This message was delivered by the prophet Jonah and was a warning for the people of Nineveh to repent and turn from their wicked ways. The number forty is often used in the Bible to represent a period of testing or judgment, and in this case, it was a time for the people of Nineveh to change their ways and seek forgiveness from God before it was too late. The message had a profound impact on the city, and the people of Nineveh repented, leading to God sparing them from destruction.

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When Jonah passed the message "Forty more days and Nineveh will be overturned" to the people of Nineveh, they did not turn deaf ears. Instead, they believed Jonah's message and took it seriously. They declared a fast, put on sackcloth, and prayed to God for forgiveness. This humbling of themselves and turning to God is what saved the city from destruction.

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The correct answer is Gomer. In the Bible, the prophet Hosea was instructed by God to marry a woman named Gomer, who later became unfaithful to him by committing adultery with other men. This was a symbol of Israel's unfaithfulness to God, as Hosea was commanded to love and forgive his wife despite her infidelity, just as God loves and forgives the Israelites despite their disobedience and idolatry. Therefore, Gomer represented Israel's unfaithfulness to God, just as she was unfaithful to her husband Hosea.

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After his resurrection, Jesus first appeared to Mary Magdalene. According to the New Testament, Mary Magdalene went to the tomb where Jesus was buried and found it empty. As she was mourning, Jesus appeared to her and spoke with her. This was Jesus' first appearance after his resurrection, and Mary Magdalene became the first person to spread the news of Jesus' resurrection to the disciples.

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Ezekiel was ordered to eat a scroll that was written on both sides and filled with words of lament and mourning and woe. This was a symbolic act that was meant to represent the message he was to deliver to the House of Israel, which was a message of judgment and warning about the coming destruction of Jerusalem.

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According to the Bible, Jesus told his disciples that they were not to take a bag, a wallet, or extra clothing when they went on their journeys to spread the message of the gospel. The only item they were allowed to take was a staff. This was to demonstrate their reliance on God and to show that they were not going on the journey to accumulate wealth or material possessions. The idea was to emphasize the simplicity and humility of their mission, and to trust in God to provide for their needs along the way.

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According to Paul's Epistle to the Galatians, as long as an heir is a child, he is under guardians and trustees. This means that when a child is too young to take care of themselves and their inheritance, they need someone to look after them and manage their affairs on their behalf. These people are responsible for protecting the child's interests until they are old enough to do so themselves. In the same way, Paul uses this analogy to explain that before Christ came, people were like children who needed the law to guide and protect them. However, now that Christ has come, they no longer need the law as they have grown up and can live by faith. So, the guardians and trustees in the analogy represent the law, and the child represents the people who lived under it before Christ.

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The complaints of the Hellenists led to the appointment of the deacons in the early church. In the early days of Christianity, there were two groups of Jewish believers: the Hebraic Jews and the Hellenistic Jews. The Hebraic Jews spoke Aramaic and had a more traditional Jewish background, while the Hellenistic Jews spoke Greek and had been influenced by Greek culture. There were complaints from the Hellenistic Jews that their widows were being neglected in the daily distribution of food. This led to a dispute among the believers, which the apostles resolved by appointing seven men to serve as deacons. These deacons were responsible for ensuring that the needs of all believers were being met, including the Hellenistic widows. This event is recorded in the New Testament book of Acts, chapter 6, and it marks the beginning of the formal organization of the early Christian church. The appointment of the deacons was an important step in ensuring that all believers were cared for and that the church could grow and thrive.

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The mountain where Moses saw the burning bush in the Bible is called Horeb. It is also known as Mount Sinai, which is the name most commonly used to refer to the mountain in the Bible. According to the Bible, Moses was tending his father-in-law's sheep on the mountain when he saw a bush that was on fire but was not being consumed by the flames. It was there that God spoke to Moses and told him to lead the Israelites out of Egypt and to the Promised Land.

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The death of Uriah is recorded in the Bible in 2 Samuel 11. Uriah was a loyal soldier in King David's army, and David had an affair with Uriah's wife, Bathsheba. When Bathsheba became pregnant, David tried to cover up his sin by bringing Uriah back from the front lines of battle and encouraging him to go home and spend time with his wife. But Uriah, a committed soldier, refused to enjoy the comforts of home while his comrades were still fighting. Desperate to cover up his adultery and the impending scandal, David ordered his general, Joab, to put Uriah in a position where he would be killed in battle. Joab carried out David's orders, and Uriah died in battle. So, the person responsible for the death of Uriah was King David, who gave the orders to have Uriah placed in harm's way, and his general, Joab, who carried out those orders.