JAMB UTME - Islamic Religious Studies - 2011

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In Islamic marriage, the minimum number of witnesses required is two, who should be Muslim, sane, adult, and of sound moral character. Witnesses play an important role in ensuring that the marriage contract is conducted in a proper and respectful manner. They are responsible for observing the contract, recording the terms of the marriage, and attesting to the fact that it was performed in accordance with Islamic law. While having more than two witnesses is encouraged, the minimum required number is two, and they can be male or female. Therefore, options 1, 2, and 3 are not correct as they require more than two witnesses, and is incorrect as a minimum of two witnesses is required.

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All the four scholars mentioned were great Islamic scholars, but the question asks for the one who was imprisoned for his non-compromising stance. The scholar who was imprisoned for his stance is Imam Abu-Hanifah. He was known for his firm stance on Islamic jurisprudence and was imprisoned by the Abbasid caliphate for refusing to be a judge in their court. Despite being offered many rewards and being threatened with torture, he refused to compromise his principles and remained steadfast in his beliefs. This shows his strong commitment to upholding Islamic values and principles even in the face of adversity.

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The gradual spiritual and moral development of Muslims was the wisdom behind the piecemeal revelation of the Glorious Qur’an. The Glorious Qur’an is the holy book of Islam, and it contains the revelations that were received by Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) over a period of 23 years. These revelations were not revealed all at once but were revealed gradually, in stages, and in response to the circumstances and challenges that the Muslim community was facing at the time. This gradual revelation allowed the Muslims to receive guidance and teachings that were appropriate to their level of understanding and spiritual development. The Qur’an also contains a wealth of guidance on ethical, social, and spiritual issues, which helped Muslims to develop their moral and spiritual character gradually. So, the correct answer is "piecemeal revelation of the Glorious Qur’an."

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One of the peculiarities of Sahih Bukhari is that ahādith are sorted according to chapters. Sahih Bukhari is a collection of hadiths, which are narrations of the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad. The hadiths in Sahih Bukhari are arranged thematically into different chapters, each one focusing on a particular aspect of Islamic belief or practice. For example, there are chapters on prayer, fasting, pilgrimage, and other topics related to Islamic worship and daily life. The arrangement of the hadiths into chapters makes it easier for readers to find relevant information and to study different aspects of Islamic teachings. This organizational system also allows for a more comprehensive and structured understanding of the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad. Therefore, the chapters are an important feature of Sahih Bukhari and a helpful tool for those seeking to learn more about Islam.

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The committee that standardized the Glorious Qur’an is made up of four people. They are known as the "Four Companions" and they are Uthman ibn Affan, Ali ibn Abi Talib, Abd Allah ibn Masud, and Zaid ibn Thabit. The committee was formed during the caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan to ensure that the Qur'an was written and preserved in a standardized manner. The members of the committee were chosen for their knowledge and expertise in the Qur'an, and they worked diligently to compile and authenticate the text of the Qur'an that is used today. The committee's efforts helped to ensure the accuracy and authenticity of the Qur'an, and it remains a sacred and unchanging text for Muslims around the world.

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The supererogatory fasting of Āshura is observed on the 10th of al-Muharram.

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‘Answer is Tafkheem ‘ (Rau) will be pronounced with Tafkheem if the Rau (j) has a Dommah

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Ref: Suratul Layab Ayat 2 (Q. 111:2)

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The battle that served as a pointer to the compilation of the Glorious Qur’an was the Battle of Yamāmah. This was a significant battle fought during the period of the first caliph, Abu Bakr, against the false prophet Musaylimah, who claimed prophethood after the demise of Prophet Muhammad. Many companions who had memorized the Qur'an were martyred in this battle, leading to the fear that the Qur'an might be lost forever. Therefore, the Caliph Abu Bakr took steps to collect and compile the Qur'an into a written text, which became the basis for the standardized text of the Qur'an we have today.

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One of the importance of the first revelation was the dissemination of knowledge. The first revelation to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was the beginning of the revelation of the Glorious Qur’an, the holy book of Islam. This revelation was the first step in the dissemination of knowledge to the Muslim community and to the world. The Qur’an contains guidance on all aspects of life, including spirituality, ethics, social issues, and more. The first revelation was the beginning of a process of learning and knowledge acquisition that continues to this day. The Qur’an has been studied and interpreted by scholars and laypeople alike, and its teachings have had a profound impact on the spiritual and intellectual development of millions of people around the world. So, the correct answer is the dissemination of knowledge.

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Tajwid is important because it provides the knowledge of correct pronunciation and recitation of the Glorious Qur’an. Tajwid focuses on the rules and principles of the proper recitation of the Qur’an, including proper pronunciation, intonation, and emphasis. The proper recitation of the Qur’an is essential for Muslims, as it helps to ensure that the meanings of the verses are conveyed accurately and effectively. By learning Tajwid, Muslims can improve their ability to recite and understand the Qur’an, leading to a deeper understanding of the holy text and a stronger connection with Allah.

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Ayyam at-tashriq are the days of eating and drinking during the Islamic holiday of Eid al-Adha. These days, which follow the day of sacrifice, are known as the "days of drying meat" because traditionally, people would slaughter animals and dry the meat during this time. Ayyam at-tashriq is a time of celebration, feasting, and spending time with family and friends. It is a time for Muslims to express gratitude to God for the blessings in their lives and to share their blessings with others by giving gifts and sharing food. Therefore, Ayyam at-tashriq is a time of joy and festivity, marked by the sharing of meals and the enjoyment of good company.

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The reason why Prophet Muhammad (SAW) did not hand-over the Glorious Qur’an to his companions in an arranged form and in a single written volume is that the revelation did not come in one piece but at intervals. The Qur’an was revealed gradually over a period of 23 years in different contexts and situations. As such, the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) recited the verses as they were revealed to him and his companions memorized and wrote them down on different materials such as palm leaves, bones, and stones. The complete compilation of the Qur’an in a single written volume happened after the death of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW), during the caliphate of Abu Bakr, the first caliph.

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“The economic consequence of Ribbah is that, it makes people lazier”

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Uthman b. Fodio was a renowned Islamic scholar and leader in West Africa, and his teachings focused on the rejection of all forms of syncreticism or the blending of Islamic beliefs and practices with those of pre-Islamic cultures. He advocated for the adherence to the pure teachings of Islam, as well as the rejection of idol worshiping. Therefore, the option that relates to his teachings is "all form of syncreticism".

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Ref: Q 15:19 ‘Surely, We have sat down the Reminder [al-Qur`an] and surely we will protect it’.

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Allah commands Muslims to observe and fulfill agreements with the non-Muslims, even if the latter do not share the same religion, as long as the non-Muslims do not violate the terms of the agreement. This is based on the principle of honesty and upholding one's promises, which is highly valued in Islam. The Quran emphasizes the importance of fulfilling covenants and treating others with justice and kindness, regardless of their faith or background.

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Suratul Kawthar teaches that Muslims should worship Allah and sacrifice. This surah is the shortest in the Quran and is named after the "Kawthar", which is a river in paradise that Allah has promised the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). In this surah, Allah commands the Prophet to worship Him and sacrifice, which is a reminder to all Muslims to prioritize their worship and devotion to Allah above all else. This lesson is important for Muslims as it reminds them that their ultimate goal is to please Allah and attain Paradise.

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The only Sūrah in the Glorious Qur’an which must be recited in every obligatory prayer is al-Fātīhah. It is also known as the opening chapter of the Glorious Qur’an and is considered to be a fundamental part of the prayer. It is recited during the standing position of the prayer and is required to be recited in every unit of the prayer. The recitation of al-Fātīhah is essential to the validity of the prayer and is considered as a means of seeking guidance from Allah, as well as a reminder of the believers’ relationship with their Creator.

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The teaching in the 10th Hadith of an-Nawawi is that abstaining from forbidden things is a prelude to having one's prayers accepted by Allah. This Hadith emphasizes the importance of leading a righteous and virtuous life, free from any form of wrongdoing or sin, as a means of drawing closer to Allah and gaining His acceptance. By avoiding prohibited actions and behaviors, a person demonstrates their commitment to living according to the principles of Islam and upholding the commands of Allah.

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The correct meaning of tafsir is the detailed explanation and commentary of the Glorious Qur’an. It involves the interpretation and elucidation of the verses and chapters of the Qur’an to help understand the intended meanings, context, and teachings. Tafsir involves examining the language, grammar, history, and other relevant factors to provide a deeper understanding of the Qur’an's messages and guidance. It is an important discipline in Islamic scholarship, providing insight and guidance for Muslims to live their lives in accordance with the teachings of the Qur’an.

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Attainment of maturity is one of the conditions that make prayer obligatory on believers. In Islam, prayer (salah) is one of the five pillars and an important act of worship. A person is required to start performing obligatory prayers once they have reached the age of puberty or maturity. This means that children are not obligated to perform prayers until they have reached a certain age or level of physical and mental development. The obligation to pray is not based on social status, reciting the Qur'an with proper Tajweed, or following a pious Imam, but rather on the individual's maturity level.

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During the Jihiliyya era, the Ka'aba was the center of poetic contest at the annual festival called "Ukaz". It was a major cultural and commercial event where poets from all over Arabia would gather to recite their poetry and compete for prizes. The festival also attracted merchants and traders, making it an important economic event. The poetry recited at Ukaz often dealt with themes of love, war, and tribal pride.

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The characteristic common to Makkan chapters is that they contain a lot of oaths. These oaths are used to emphasize the message and capture the attention of the listener or reader. Makkan chapters are the chapters of the Qur'an that were revealed during the early years of Islam when the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was in Makkah. These chapters often address the themes of the Oneness of Allah, the Day of Judgment, and the moral and ethical conduct of individuals.

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Suratul Mā’ūn is a chapter in the Qur’an that emphasizes on the importance of kindness and compassion towards others, particularly the less fortunate in society. It explains that those who neglect the basic needs of others, such as giving food, shelter, clothing, and other necessities, are denying them their basic human rights. The chapter admonishes that Allah is displeased with such people, and they will be held accountable for their actions on the Day of Judgment. Therefore, the privilege to be enjoyed is that of the givers, who give generously to the needy and show compassion and kindness towards others in society.

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The correct option is Q.2:42. In this verse, the Jews were admonished to avoid mixing truth with falsehood and knowingly concealing the truth. The verse warns that those who do so will face severe punishment in the hereafter. This is a reminder for them to speak the truth and be truthful in their dealings with others.

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The ruler who instituted Friday prayers in Mali was Mansa Musa. He is known for his Hajj journey to Mecca in 1324, where he distributed a large amount of gold and brought back scholars and architects to Mali. He is also known for his contribution to the spread of Islam in West Africa, including the establishment of Friday prayers as a regular practice in Mali. Therefore, the correct option is Mansa Musa.

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Seeking assistance from fortune tellers is forbidden because it leads to ascribing absolute power to a fellow being. In many cultures and religions, the belief is that only God has the power to predict the future, and seeking knowledge of the future from someone else is a form of idolatry or worship of false gods. Consulting fortune tellers can also lead to a false sense of security or despair, as people may base important life decisions on their predictions instead of trusting in God's plan for their lives. Additionally, some fortune tellers use illegal or unethical means to make their predictions, which is why their practices may be considered unlawful. So, the correct answer is "it leads to ascribing absolute power to a fellow being."

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The first person who recognized signs of Prophethood on Muhammad (SAW) was a Christian monk. This Christian monk's name was Bahira and he was from the Syrian city of Bosra. When Muhammad (SAW) was a young boy, he accompanied his uncle Abu Talib on a trade journey to Syria, and they stopped in Bosra. Bahira recognized the signs of Prophethood on Muhammad (SAW) through various miraculous signs that he observed, and he advised Abu Talib to take great care of the young boy because he would become a great Prophet one day. It was not a Jewish Rabbi, Buddhist Monk or a Soothsayer who first recognized signs of Prophethood on Muhammad (SAW).

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Islam as a monotheistic religion expects that every faithful follower should serve Allah without associates. This means that Muslims should believe in the Oneness of Allah and worship Him alone, without associating any partners with Him. This is the central and most important tenet of Islam, known as Tawheed. Muslims believe that this is the purpose of their creation and the reason for their existence, and they strive to live their lives in accordance with this belief.

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In Islam, the articles of Imān, or faith, are six. They are belief in: 1. Allah (God), as the one and only God and the Creator of all things 2. The angels, as Allah's created beings who carry out His commands 3. The Prophets, as the messengers of Allah sent to guide humanity 4. The Holy Books, as the divine scriptures revealed by Allah to His Prophets 5. The Day of Judgment, as the day when all humans will be held accountable for their deeds and rewarded or punished accordingly 6. Divine decree, as the belief that everything that happens, whether good or bad, occurs according to Allah's will and knowledge. These articles of faith are considered essential beliefs for Muslims, and they form the basis of Islamic theology.

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Islam encourages every Muslim to seek a lawful livelihood through the dignity of labor. Muslims are encouraged to engage in work that is lawful and ethical and to do it with excellence and diligence. Islam places great emphasis on the importance of work and views it as a means of earning a livelihood, supporting oneself and one's family, and contributing to society. Muslims are also encouraged to pursue education and acquire skills that are relevant to the job market. In Islam, wealth is not viewed as an end in itself but rather as a means to support oneself, one's family, and to give in charity to help those in need. Therefore, while equitable distribution of wealth, family inheritance, and shared responsibility are all important principles in Islam, the emphasis on seeking a lawful livelihood is primarily through the dignity of labor.

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The presentation of a sermon is an obligation on the Imam when leading Friday prayers. Friday prayers are a congregational prayer that Muslims perform in a mosque every Friday, and they consist of two rak'ah (units of prayer) preceded by a sermon. The sermon, also known as Khutbah, is a speech given by the Imam that usually discusses religious and moral issues, as well as current events and topics relevant to the community. The Khutbah is an essential part of the Friday prayer, and it is considered an obligation for the Imam to deliver it. So, the correct answer is "Friday prayers."

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The Qur’an is different from other revealed Books because both spiritual, moral and social values are found in it. The Qur’an is not just a prayer book or a book for seeking protection, but it covers a wide range of topics that guide individuals in their spiritual, moral, and social lives. Additionally, it also offers guidance on issues related to governance, economics, and various other aspects of life, making it a comprehensive guide for Muslims. Furthermore, the Qur’an provides guidance on how to live a balanced life, emphasizing the importance of not neglecting one's spiritual needs while also fulfilling their worldly obligations.

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The term Shari'ah in Islam refers to a divine law or the path that Allah has ordained for human beings to follow. It is based on the teachings of the Qur'an and the Sunnah (the example set by the Prophet Muhammad) and covers all aspects of a Muslim's life, including personal behavior, morality, and religious duties. Shari'ah is considered to be a source of guidance for Muslims and is a fundamental aspect of Islamic faith and practice. Therefore, the correct option is "a path".

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The entrenchment of an Islamic economic system is aimed at promoting equitable distribution of wealth. In an Islamic economic system, wealth is considered a blessing from God, and it is the responsibility of society as a whole to ensure that this wealth is distributed in a fair and just manner. The Islamic economic system is based on principles of justice, equality, and social welfare, and it seeks to prevent the concentration of wealth in the hands of a few individuals or groups. This is achieved through various means, such as prohibiting riba (usury or interest), encouraging charitable giving, and promoting fair trade practices. Additionally, the Islamic economic system seeks to promote economic growth and development through entrepreneurship, investment, and innovation. By promoting equitable distribution of wealth and encouraging economic growth, an Islamic economic system aims to create a more just and prosperous society for all.

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why the option now C

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The outcome of the Prophet's visit to Cave Hira was the revelation of the Glorious Qur'an. According to Islamic tradition, during the month of Ramadan in the year 610 CE, while the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) was meditating in the cave of Hira, the Angel Gabriel appeared to him and commanded him to "Recite" (Iqra). The Prophet responded that he could not read, and the Angel Gabriel repeated the command. The Prophet repeated the words after the Angel Gabriel and this marked the beginning of the revelation of the Qur'an. The revelation continued throughout the Prophet's lifetime and was eventually compiled into a single book after his death.

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Mas’uliyyah as a principle of the Islamic political system is a measure to check misappropriation. The term Mas’uliyyah refers to the principle of accountability, which is an essential component of the Islamic political system. In an Islamic political system, leaders are held accountable for their actions and decisions, and they are expected to act in the best interests of the people they serve. This principle of accountability helps to prevent misappropriation of resources by those in positions of power. It also serves as a check against corruption and ensures that those in power are acting in accordance with the principles of justice and fairness. By holding leaders accountable for their actions, Mas’uliyyah helps to promote good governance, transparency, and accountability in the Islamic political system.

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The eagerness and zeal of Muslim warriors to fight in the cause of Allah is a major theme of Sūrah al-Adiyah. This Surah talks about the bravery and dedication of the Muslim warriors who were fighting in the cause of Allah during the time of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW). It describes how they were willing to risk their lives and endure great hardship in order to defend their faith and protect their community. The Surah emphasizes the importance of courage and steadfastness in the face of adversity, and the need to remain committed to the cause of Allah even in the most challenging circumstances. It is not the theme of Sūrah al-Qāri’ah, al-Asr, or al-Humazah.

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They killed their daughter because they were afraid of poverty...(suratu nisaa)

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Members of the Prophet's family that embraced Islam the first day did so on the basis of his truthfulness and uprightness. This means that they believed that the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) was truthful in his message and teachings, and that he was an upright and just person. They saw his behavior and conduct, and recognized that he was a man of high moral character, and this was what led them to accept his message of Islam. They were convinced that he was a messenger of Allah and that his message was the truth.

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The main difference between Hadith Qudsi and Hadith Nabawi is in their wording and teaching intended. Hadith Nabawi is a collection of the sayings, actions, and silent approvals of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW), while Hadith Qudsi are the sayings of Allah (SWT) as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (SAW). In Hadith Nabawi, the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) conveys the message of Allah (SWT) in his own words, whereas in Hadith Qudsi, he conveys the words of Allah (SWT) directly. The chain and reliability of the narrators are also important in both types of Hadith, but the wording and teaching intended is the main differentiator.

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The allegorical and ambiguous verses of the Glorious Qur’an can be understood through the process of tafsir, which involves the interpretation and explanation of the meanings of the Quranic verses. Muslim scholars engage in this process through various methods such as analyzing the context, linguistic structure, and historical background of the verses. Tadabbur, which refers to deep reflection and contemplation of the Quranic verses, is also a key element in understanding these types of verses. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is "tafsir of the Glorious Qur’an."