JAMB UTME - Islamic Religious Studies - 2021

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Khadijah (may Allah be pleased with her) was 40 years old when she married the Prophet Muhammad (SAW). Khadijah was a wealthy and successful businesswoman who hired the young Muhammad (SAW) to work for her. Impressed by his honesty and character, she proposed marriage to him despite their age difference. The Prophet Muhammad (SAW) accepted the proposal, and they had a happy and loving marriage that lasted for 25 years until Khadijah's passing. Therefore, we can conclude that Khadijah was 40 years old when she married the Prophet Muhammad (SAW).

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Hadith "Actions shall be judged according to intentions" is Hadith one (1) of al-Nawawi's collections.

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The punishment for stealing is cutting of the hand. In Islamic law, theft is considered to be a serious crime and is punishable by cutting off the thief's hand. This punishment is mentioned in the Qur'an (5:38) as a means of deterring theft and promoting justice. The cutting of the hand is only applicable in cases of theft where the value of the stolen property exceeds a certain amount, as determined by Islamic law. The punishment is meant to serve as a deterrent and to demonstrate the seriousness of the crime, but it is also intended to provide a way for the thief to repent and seek forgiveness from God. The punishment for theft is meant to be applied in a just and fair manner, taking into account the circumstances of the crime and the individual circumstances of the thief.

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The phrase "Fal'ya budu Rabba hadhal Bayt" is an Arabic phrase that is taken from Surat Al-Fil, which means "let them worship the Lord of this house." In this surah, Allah recounts the story of how He saved the Kaaba from the attack of Abraha and his army of elephants, and thus emphasizes the importance of worshipping the One and Only God. The phrase "Fal'ya budu Rabba hadhal Bayt" serves as a reminder to the believers that the Kaaba is a sacred place of worship that should be dedicated solely to the worship of Allah, and that all acts of worship should be directed towards Him alone.

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The main teaching of Suratul Ikhlas is monotheism. Suratul Ikhlas is the 112th chapter of the Quran, and it consists of only four verses. In these verses, Allah (SWT) emphasizes the oneness and unity of God. The chapter begins with the declaration that Allah is one, and that there is no god but Him. It then emphasizes that Allah is eternal, and that He has no beginning or end. The chapter ends with the statement that there is none like Allah, and that He is unique and incomparable. Through this chapter, Allah emphasizes the importance of the belief in the oneness of God in Islam. Muslims believe in the concept of tawhid, which is the belief in the oneness of God. Tawhid is considered the most fundamental concept in Islam, and it is the basis of Islamic belief and practice. In summary, the main teaching of Suratul Ikhlas is monotheism. The chapter emphasizes the belief in the oneness and unity of God, which is a fundamental concept in Islam.

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Arafat is not required in Umrah. Umrah is a pilgrimage to Makkah that can be performed at any time of the year, unlike Hajj which has specific dates. Umrah involves certain rituals such as Ihram (the state of sanctity), Tawaf (circling the Kaaba seven times), Sa'y (walking between the hills of Safa and Marwa seven times), and shaving or trimming the hair. Arafat is a location outside Makkah that is only visited during Hajj, on the 9th of Dhul Hijjah. During Hajj, pilgrims spend the day at Arafat to perform a special prayer and make supplications to Allah. Therefore, Arafat is not required in Umrah.

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According to Hadith No. 23 of al-Nawawi's collections, cleanliness is said to be half of faith. This means that maintaining cleanliness and hygiene is extremely important in Islam and is considered to be a fundamental aspect of one's faith. It is believed that cleanliness is not only important for physical well-being but also for spiritual purity. Therefore, Muslims are encouraged to keep themselves and their surroundings clean and tidy, as it is a reflection of their faith and a way to show gratitude to Allah for the blessings of health and hygiene.

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A person who joins the Imam before rising from the ruku' has gotten that raka'ah. In congregational prayer, if a person joins the Imam while he is in the ruku' (bowing position), then he should say the takbir and perform the ruku' with the Imam. After that, he should say "Sami'allahu liman hamidah" and stand up to join the Imam in the next raka'ah. In this case, the person has joined the prayer with the Imam before rising from the ruku' and he has gotten that raka'ah. However, if the person joins the Imam after the Imam has risen from the ruku', then he has missed that raka'ah and needs to complete it after the Imam has finished the prayer. The person should not join the Imam at all if the Imam has already said the taslim (salam) to end the prayer. And there is no such thing as Sujudul Badi in Islamic prayer.

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Suratul Asr consists of three verses. Suratul Asr is the 103rd chapter of the Qur'an, and it is one of the shortest chapters in the entire scripture. It contains a powerful message about the value of time and the importance of righteous deeds. The three verses of Suratul Asr are as follows: "By time, indeed, mankind is in loss, except for those who have believed and done righteous deeds and advised each other to truth and advised each other to patience." [Qur'an 103:1-3] The chapter emphasizes the importance of using time wisely to engage in good deeds and encouraging others to do the same, as that is the path to salvation.

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Bilal bin Rabah was the first person to accept Islam amongst the slaves. Bilal was an Abyssinian slave who was brought to Mecca and was owned by Umayyah bin Khalaf. When Prophet Muhammad started preaching Islam in Mecca, Bilal was one of the first people to accept the message of monotheism and became a Muslim. However, his conversion to Islam led to severe torture and persecution from his master, who tried to force him to abandon his new faith. Despite the torture and punishment, Bilal remained steadfast in his faith and refused to renounce Islam. His unwavering faith and loyalty to Islam became a source of inspiration for many early Muslims and his story remains a testament to the perseverance and strength of faith.

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The prayer that has a complete silent recitation is Zuhr. In Zuhr prayer, the first two Rak'ahs (units of prayer) are performed with audible recitation of Surah Al-Fatiha and another Surah from the Quran, while the last two Rak'ahs are performed with a complete silent recitation. During the silent recitation, the recitation of Surah Al-Fatiha and another Surah are recited softly, in a way that only the person praying can hear themselves. This is in contrast to the audible recitation of the first two Rak'ahs, where the recitation is performed in a louder voice. The reason for the complete silent recitation in the last two Rak'ahs of Zuhr prayer is to emphasize the importance of being mindful and focused in prayer, even in a silent state. This is a reminder to the person praying that the prayer is a conversation between them and Allah, and they should strive to maintain concentration and devotion throughout the prayer.

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According to Islamic belief, Jinns were created out of fire. They are supernatural beings that are mentioned in the Quran and believed to be created by Allah. The word "Jinn" is derived from an Arabic word that means "to hide" or "to conceal". It is believed that they have free will and can be good or evil. They are invisible to humans but have the ability to see humans and interact with them.

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Hadith No. 2 of al-Nawawi's collections does not include the lesson of al-Sa'ah. The Hadith, narrated by Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA), states that the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) said, "Actions are judged by their intentions, so each man will have what he intended. Thus, he whose migration was to Allah and His Messenger, his migration is to Allah and His Messenger; but he whose migration was for some worldly thing he might gain, or for a wife he might marry, his migration is to that for which he migrated." The Hadith teaches the lesson of al-Ihsan, which means doing good or performing actions with excellence and sincerity for the sake of Allah. It also emphasizes the importance of intention in determining the reward or punishment of one's actions. Furthermore, it highlights the concept of al-Hijra (migration) and its significance in Islam, as well as the different motives behind people's actions. However, the Hadith does not mention the lesson of al-Sa'ah, which refers to the Day of Judgment or the Hour of Resurrection. Therefore, we can conclude that the lessons of Hadith No. 2 of al-Nawawi's collections include al-Ihsan, al-Imam, and al-Islam, but not al-Sa'ah.

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The compilation of al-Quran was primarily due to the death of the memorizers. During the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad (SAW), the revelations were written down on various materials by different companions. However, the final and authoritative copy of the Quran was compiled during the caliphate of Abu Bakr, shortly after the death of Prophet Muhammad (SAW). Many of the companions who had memorized the Quran had died during battles and wars, and there was a growing concern that the Quran might be lost if it was not compiled in a single volume. Therefore, under the leadership of Abu Bakr, a committee was formed to collect and compile the revelations into a single book, which is now known as the Quran. Thus, the death of the memorizers is the main factor responsible for the compilation of the Quran.

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Hadith refers to the sayings, actions, and silent approvals of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW). Hadith is an important source of Islamic jurisprudence and provides guidance to Muslims on various aspects of life, including worship, ethics, and social conduct. The authenticity and reliability of hadith are established through a rigorous process of verification and grading, with the most reliable and authentic hadith being classified as sahih (sound).

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A Muslim is advised to say "ghufraanak" when leaving the toilet. This phrase means "I seek your forgiveness" and it is said to show gratitude to Allah for relieving oneself and seeking forgiveness for any wrongdoings or sins committed.

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Kalimatus-shahadah, also known as the declaration of faith, is the key to enter Islam. It is the statement that affirms the oneness of Allah (God) and the prophethood of Muhammad (SAW). The statement is, "There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah." By reciting this statement with sincerity and conviction, a person becomes a Muslim. The Kalimatus-shahadah is the first pillar of Islam and is considered the most important testimony of faith in the religion. It serves as the foundation of all other practices and beliefs in Islam. By declaring the oneness of Allah and the prophethood of Muhammad, a Muslim acknowledges the authority of Allah and accepts the guidance of His Prophet. In summary, Kalimatus-shahadah is the declaration of faith that affirms the oneness of Allah and the prophethood of Muhammad. By reciting this statement, a person enters the religion of Islam and acknowledges the authority of Allah and the guidance of His Prophet.

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The following are exempt from fasting except the rich man. Fasting is one of the Five Pillars of Islam and is a period of abstaining from food, drink, and other physical needs from dawn until sunset during the month of Ramadan. In Islam, there are several groups of people who are exempt from fasting, including: - The insane person - The menstruating person - The sick person These individuals are exempt from fasting because they are physically or mentally unable to do so. However, a rich man is not exempt from fasting and is expected to fast unless he is physically or mentally unable to do so. Fasting is considered to be a personal act of worship and devotion, and it is expected of all adult Muslims who are able to do so.

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The Surah in the Quran that specifically encourages the acquisition of knowledge is Surat Al-'Alaq. It is the 96th chapter in the Quran and is also known as "The Clot" or "The Clinging Clot." This Surah emphasizes the importance of seeking knowledge and education, as the first verse revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was "Read! In the name of your Lord who created." Thus, Muslims believe that seeking knowledge is an important part of their faith, and Surat Al-'Alaq serves as a reminder of this principle. The other Surahs listed in the question do not specifically address the issue of seeking knowledge.

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Pilgrims combine Maghrib and Isha prayers in Muzdalifah. Muzdalifah is a plain east of Mina and west of Arafat in Saudi Arabia. It is a significant location for pilgrims who are performing Hajj, the annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca. As part of the Hajj rituals, pilgrims are required to spend a night at Muzdalifah after performing the standing (wuquf) at Arafat. In Muzdalifah, they combine Maghrib and Isha prayers by praying them together at the time of Isha, with a single Adhan and two separate Iqamahs. This is based on the practice of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), who combined these two prayers during his pilgrimage. The combination of these two prayers is an exception made for pilgrims during Hajj and is not a regular practice in daily prayers. In summary, pilgrims combine Maghrib and Isha prayers in Muzdalifah during the Hajj pilgrimage. This is based on the practice of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and is an exception made for pilgrims during Hajj.

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Tayammum and wudu are two methods of purification in Islam. Wudu is a ritual washing of the hands, face, and feet with water, while tayammum is a ritual purification using dust or sand in situations where water is not available or cannot be used. Both of these methods of purification are considered valid until something happens to invalidate them, such as the occurrence of certain bodily functions or the loss of consciousness. Of the options given, "availability of water" is not something that would invalidate tayammum or wudu, as both methods are specifically designed for situations where water is not available. "Passing stool" and "passing urine" are both bodily functions that would invalidate tayammum or wudu, as they are considered impurities that must be washed away with water. "Loss of sense" could also invalidate tayammum or wudu, as it would prevent an individual from being able to perform the required purification rituals correctly. Therefore, the correct answer is "availability of water".

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In the Qur'an 109, Allah (SWT) says: I do not worship that which you worship. This verse is part of Surat al-Kafirun, which is a chapter of the Qur'an that addresses the idea of monotheism and the rejection of false gods and idol worship. In this verse, Allah is declaring that He does not worship the false gods and idols that others may worship. This declaration underscores the importance of monotheism in Islam and the belief in the oneness of God. The message of this verse is that Allah is the only true deity and that all other forms of worship are false and misguided.

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Fulfillment of promises in Islam is considered a compulsory and integral part of one's faith and character. Keeping promises is not only a moral obligation but also a religious duty for Muslims. The Prophet Muhammad (SAW) emphasized the importance of keeping one's word and fulfilling promises in various sayings and actions. In Islam, breaking a promise is considered a sin and a sign of dishonesty and untrustworthiness. It damages one's credibility and reputation, and it may cause harm to others. Therefore, Muslims are encouraged to be truthful and trustworthy and to fulfill their promises to the best of their ability. On the other hand, making promises that cannot be fulfilled or promising something with the intention of not fulfilling it is prohibited in Islam. It is considered a form of deception and dishonesty, and it may lead to negative consequences in this life and the Hereafter. In conclusion, fulfilling promises is not only a moral obligation but also a religious duty in Islam. It is compulsory for Muslims to keep their word and fulfill their promises to the best of their ability, and breaking promises is prohibited and considered a sin in Islam.

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