The Second Phase Of The British Conquest In Nigeria

The Second Phase of the British Conquest in Nigeria: From 1914 to 1960, Nigeria experienced significant transformations under British colonial rule, reshaping the political, economic, and social landscapes of the region. The impact of the British conquest on Nigeria's political landscape was profound, with the amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914 marking a crucial turning point. This amalgamation brought together the Northern and Southern Protectorates, creating a more centralized administration that laid the foundation for future governance.

Indirect rule was a key strategy employed by the British during this phase of conquest. By utilizing existing indigenous power structures and rulers to govern on behalf of the British Crown, indirect rule facilitated control over vast territories with minimal British presence. This approach had long-lasting consequences on traditional Nigerian societies, as it disrupted and transformed existing power dynamics and hierarchical systems.

The colonial economy played a crucial role in shaping Nigeria during this period. The British exploited Nigeria's natural resources, particularly palm oil, rubber, and later on, minerals such as tin and columbite. This economic exploitation had far-reaching effects on both the local population and the broader Nigerian economy, leading to a heavy dependence on agricultural exports and limited industrial development.

Social developments were also significant under British colonial rule. The introduction of Western education, legal systems, and Christianity influenced social structures and norms in Nigeria. Missionaries played a key role in spreading Christianity and Western education, which had both positive and negative impacts on Nigerian society, contributing to cultural changes and conflicts with traditional beliefs.

Key figures such as Lord Lugard, the architect of the amalgamation, and other colonial administrators played instrumental roles in shaping the course of British colonial rule in Nigeria. Their policies and decisions had lasting effects on Nigeria's development and governance, setting the stage for the country's future independence.

Resistance movements against British colonial rule also emerged during this period. From the early nationalist agitations to later mass protests and uprisings, Nigerians expressed their discontent with colonial policies and exploitation. The legacy of these resistance movements, such as the Aba Women's Riots and the nationalist movements led by figures like Nnamdi Azikiwe and Obafemi Awolowo, paved the way for Nigeria's eventual independence in 1960.

In comparing the early and later phases of British colonial rule in Nigeria, it becomes evident how the strategies, policies, and legacies evolved over time. The amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914 and the subsequent developments up to independence in 1960 marked a complex journey that transformed Nigeria in profound ways and continues to shape the country's dynamics to this day.