JAMB UTME - Geography - 2019

The prairies of North America are

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The prairies of North America are temperate grasslands. Temperate grasslands are areas with grass as the dominant vegetation and located in regions with moderate temperatures, not too hot or too cold. The prairies of North America are located in the central part of the continent and are characterized by their rolling hills, fertile soil, and abundant grasses. This grassland ecosystem supports a variety of wildlife, including bison, pronghorns, and coyotes, and has played a significant role in the history and culture of the United States and Canada.

The annual rainfall along the coast is less than expected in the equitorial region because of the

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In river transport, the problem of irregular levels of water can be overcome by

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One way to overcome the problem of irregular levels of water in river transport is by building locks and canals. Locks are structures that allow boats and ships to pass from one water level to another. They work by closing and filling with water, which raises or lowers the water level inside the lock to match the water level on the other side. This allows boats and ships to safely navigate through areas where the water level is different. Canals, on the other hand, are man-made waterways that are built to connect two waterways or to bypass a stretch of river with difficult navigational conditions. By providing a controlled and stable water environment, locks and canals can greatly improve the reliability and efficiency of river transport.

A poor settlement on the edge of a city is known as

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Which of the following factors may lead to an area being densely populated?

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Lowland plains may lead to an area being densely populated because they provide fertile land for agriculture, easy transportation and communication routes, and access to water sources. Lowland plains are typically flat, which makes it easier to build roads, buildings, and other infrastructure, and also makes it more conducive for farming. In addition, lowland areas tend to have more moderate climates and are less prone to natural disasters, such as floods or landslides, which can make them more attractive to settlers. Overall, the combination of fertile land, ease of transportation and communication, access to water sources, and favorable climate can all contribute to high population density in lowland areas.

An igneous rock with distinct grains of mica, fieldspar and quartz is

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The igneous rock with distinct grains of mica, feldspar, and quartz is granite. Granite is a type of igneous rock that is formed by the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. It is composed of several minerals, including quartz, feldspar, and mica. These minerals give granite its characteristic speckled appearance and make it a popular choice for building and decorative purposes. Mica is a shiny mineral that appears in thin, flat sheets and gives granite its distinctive glittery look. Feldspar is a group of minerals that are very common in igneous rocks and make up the majority of granite's composition. Quartz is a hard, mineral that is often found in igneous rocks and contributes to granite's durability. In summary, if you find an igneous rock with distinct grains of mica, feldspar, and quartz, it is most likely granite.

If the standard time of a country is GMT + 1hr, which longitude's local time is adopted by the country?

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The standard time of a country is determined by the longitude of its location on the Earth. A time zone is a region that has the same standard time, and time zones are typically defined as an offset from the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). In this case, the country has a standard time of GMT + 1 hour, which means it is one hour ahead of the UTC. The longitude that corresponds to this time zone is the one located 15° east of the Prime Meridian, which runs from the North Pole to the South Pole and passes through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London, England. So, the local time adopted by the country is 15°E.

Which of the following is most influential in the location of textile and footwear industries?

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Among the options given, the most influential factor in the location of textile and footwear industries is abundant cheap labor. Textile and footwear industries require a large labor force to produce goods at a low cost. If a country has a large supply of labor willing to work for low wages, it can attract textile and footwear industries to set up factories in its territory. This is because labor is usually the largest cost for these industries, and a country with cheap labor can offer cost advantages to manufacturers. Raw materials are also important for these industries, but they can be imported from other countries if they are not available locally. Energy supply and low interest rates may also affect the cost of production, but they are less critical factors than the availability of cheap labor. In summary, countries with a large supply of cheap labor have an advantage in attracting textile and footwear industries because they can offer low production costs to manufacturers, making their products more competitive in the global market.

A climate that is wet for up to 10 months with a single peak, an annual rainfall of 3000mm and a mean monthly temperature of at least 26° is

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The climate described, with a long wet season of up to 10 months, high annual rainfall of 3000mm, and a mean monthly temperature of at least 26°, is most likely a tropical monsoon climate (Am). Tropical monsoon climates are characterized by a distinct dry season and a long, wet season, with most of the precipitation falling during the wet season. The mean monthly temperature in this climate is high, generally above 18°C, and typically exceeds 26°C during the wet season. In contrast, tropical humid (Af) climates are characterized by a year-round high rainfall, with no distinct dry season, and mean monthly temperatures generally above 18°C. Tropical wet and dry (Aw) climates have distinct dry and wet seasons, with the dry season lasting longer than in the monsoon climate. Warm humid subtropical (Cfa) climates have hot summers and cool winters, with precipitation distributed throughout the year. These climates are found in the subtropics and have a mean temperature of at least 10°C in the coldest month.

An example of a rock formed by wood subjected to pressure and heat is

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The rock that is formed by wood subjected to pressure and heat is called "lignite". Lignite is a type of coal that is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat content and carbon content. Lignite is formed from partially decomposed plant material that has been subjected to increasing amounts of pressure and heat over time. As the plant material becomes buried and compressed, it eventually transforms into lignite through a process called coalification. Therefore, lignite is a sedimentary rock that is formed from the compressed and heated remains of plants, including wood. It is typically brownish-black in color and has a relatively low density compared to other types of coal.

The obudu plateau of the cross River Basin is economically noted for

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The Obudu Plateau in the Cross River Basin is economically noted for several activities, including cattle ranching, tourism, tea and coffee plantations, and exploitation of forest resources. However, one of the most notable economic activities in the Obudu Plateau is cattle ranching. The plateau's cool and suitable climate makes it an ideal location for cattle farming and the rearing of other livestock. Tourism is also another important economic activity in the Obudu Plateau. The plateau is known for its beautiful landscapes, waterfalls, and other natural attractions that draw tourists from all over the world. In addition to these, the Obudu Plateau also has tea and coffee plantations, which are grown and processed for local and international consumption. The exploitation of forest resources is also an important economic activity, as the plateau is home to a rich diversity of flora and fauna. Finally, the generation of hydroelectricity is also a notable economic activity in the Obudu Plateau, as the high altitude and abundant water resources provide ample opportunities for the generation of hydroelectric power.

Petroleum Industry

Iron and Steel industry

Cosmetics Industry

Automobile Industry7.2°

172.8°

115.2°

43.2°

21.6°

The table above shows the employment distribution in a town with the share of the different industries depicted in degrees of a pie chart. The total number of workers in the town is 25,000.

The proportion of workers in the iron and steel industry, in relation to the number off workers in the town is

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The highest lands in Nigeria are found on the

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The highest lands in Nigeria are found on the Mambilla Plateau. The Mambilla Plateau is located in Taraba State in the eastern part of Nigeria, and it is the highest plateau in Nigeria. The plateau has an average elevation of about 1,524 meters (5,000 feet) above sea level, with some parts reaching as high as 1,830 meters (6,000 feet). The Mambilla Plateau is a popular tourist destination because of its cool climate, scenic beauty, and rich cultural heritage. The plateau is home to several ethnic groups, including the Mambilla people, who have a unique culture and traditional way of life. The plateau is also known for its rich agricultural potential and is a major producer of tea, coffee, and other crops. In summary, the Mambilla Plateau is the highest land in Nigeria, and it is located in Taraba State in the eastern part of the country. It has a high elevation and is a popular tourist destination known for its cool climate, scenic beauty, and rich cultural heritage.

Some of the solid minerals found in Nigeria are

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The variable which is both a control and an element of weather and climate is

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The best way to prevent a watershed from degradation is through

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The best way to prevent a watershed from degradation is through forest reservation. Watersheds are areas of land that drain into a common body of water, such as a river or a lake. Forest reservation refers to the process of setting aside and protecting areas of forest from human activities that may cause harm to the ecosystem. Forests are important in watersheds because they help regulate water flow, filter pollutants, and provide habitat for wildlife. Fuel wood extraction and crop production can cause harm to watersheds if they are not managed sustainably. Fuel wood extraction can lead to deforestation, soil erosion, and loss of biodiversity, which can in turn impact water quality and quantity. Crop production can lead to the use of fertilizers and pesticides that can runoff into the water, causing pollution. Inter-basin transfer is the process of diverting water from one basin to another. While it can be a solution to water scarcity, it can also have negative impacts on watersheds, including altering natural water flow, disrupting ecosystems, and reducing water availability downstream. In summary, forest reservation is the best way to prevent watershed degradation as it helps to maintain the natural ecosystem functions that are important for water quality and quantity.

Soil texture is determined primarily by

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Soil texture is primarily determined by the particle sizes of the mineral components in the soil. These mineral particles can range in size from large rocks to tiny clay particles. The three main particle size classes that determine soil texture are sand, silt, and clay. Sand particles are the largest, ranging in size from 0.05 to 2.0 millimeters. Silt particles are smaller, ranging from 0.002 to 0.05 millimeters. Clay particles are the smallest, less than 0.002 millimeters in size. The proportion of these particle sizes in the soil determines its texture. Soil texture is an important factor that affects many soil properties, including water-holding capacity, drainage, nutrient availability, and the ability of roots to grow. Soil texture is also used as a basis for soil classification, with different textures having different names, such as sandy loam, clay loam, and silty clay.

Urban and Rural Settlements are differentiated by their

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Urban and rural settlements are differentiated by their function and location. Urban settlements are typically characterized by a high population density and a high level of economic and social activity. They are usually located in or near large cities and serve as centers of commerce, industry, and culture. Urban areas often have a diverse range of amenities and services, including shops, restaurants, entertainment venues, and public transportation. Rural settlements, on the other hand, are typically characterized by a lower population density and a lower level of economic and social activity. They are often located in more remote or isolated areas and serve primarily as centers of agricultural activity. Rural areas may have fewer amenities and services than urban areas, but they often offer a quieter and more natural way of life. In summary, the main differences between urban and rural settlements lie in their function and location. Urban areas are characterized by high population density and a diverse range of economic and social activity, while rural areas are characterized by lower population density and a focus on agricultural activity.

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The development of a climax vegetation in the Savannah belt of Nigeria is disturbed mainly by

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The development of climax vegetation in the savannah belt of Nigeria is mainly disturbed by bush burning. This is because frequent burning of the grassland destroys the vegetation cover, which can prevent the establishment of trees and other woody plants that are characteristic of climax vegetation. Bush burning also leads to a reduction in soil nutrients, making it difficult for plants to grow. Although activities such as lumbering, mining, and animal grazing can also contribute to the disturbance of climax vegetation, they are not the main cause. Lumbering and mining, for example, involve the removal of trees and vegetation, but these activities are typically limited in scale and do not occur as frequently as bush burning. Animal grazing can also have an impact on vegetation, but it is usually managed in a way that allows for the recovery of the grassland. Therefore, it is the frequent and uncontrolled practice of bush burning that is the primary cause of disturbance to the development of climax vegetation in the savannah belt of Nigeria.

The Stevenson's screen is raised about one meter above the ground in order to avoid

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The Stevenson's screen is a box used to house weather instruments that measure temperature, humidity, and other meteorological variables. It is raised about one meter above the ground to avoid the heat from the ground. When the screen is placed on the ground, it can absorb and radiate heat from the ground, which can affect the accuracy of temperature measurements. By raising it one meter above the ground, the screen is more exposed to the free atmosphere and less affected by the heat from the ground. Additionally, raising the screen helps to reduce the impact of raindrops entering the instruments during heavy rainfall. The height also helps to avoid the effects of nearby trees and other obstacles that could affect wind flow around the instruments and affect the measurements. Therefore, the main reason for raising the Stevenson's screen one meter above the ground is to ensure that the weather instruments inside are measuring the temperature and other meteorological variables accurately and without interference from external factors.

A government policy which is likely to encourage massive importation of goods into a country is the

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The likely policy to encourage massive importation of goods into a country is the relaxation of currency control. Currency control refers to the regulations and restrictions placed on the use of a country's currency by its government. Relaxation of currency control means that the government is loosening its restrictions on the use of the country's currency, making it easier for people and businesses to buy goods from other countries. When currency controls are relaxed, it becomes easier for people and businesses to exchange their local currency for foreign currency to pay for imports. This can lead to an increase in the importation of goods into the country.

The world leading producer of cocoa is

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The world's leading producer of cocoa is Ghana. Cocoa is a key ingredient used in the production of chocolate and many other sweet treats. Ghana is one of the largest exporters of cocoa in the world, with over 20% of global cocoa production coming from Ghanaian farms. Cocoa is grown in several regions of the country, with the Ashanti region being the largest cocoa-producing region in Ghana. The favorable climate and soil conditions in Ghana make it an ideal location for growing cocoa, which is why it has become such an important industry in the country. Cocoa production plays a significant role in the Ghanaian economy, providing jobs and income for many people.

Automobile Industries that are essentially assembly plants are found in

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The eucalyptus is to the Australian woodland as the teak is to the

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The eucalyptus tree is native to Australia and is commonly found in the Australian woodland. Similarly, the teak tree is native to the monsoon forests in Southeast Asia. Just as the eucalyptus is a defining species of the Australian woodland, the teak is a defining species of the monsoon forest.

What is the birth rate of a country with a total population of 150,000,000 and registered births of 3,000,000 in a given year?

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To calculate the birth rate of a country, we need to divide the number of registered births by the total population of the country and then multiply by 100 to get a percentage. In this case, the number of registered births is 3,000,000, and the total population of the country is 150,000,000. So the birth rate is (3,000,000 / 150,000,000) x 100, which simplifies to 2%. Therefore, the answer is%, meaning that the birth rate of the given country is 2%.

The pair of countries where conurbation is most highly developed is

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The pair of countries where conurbation is most highly developed is USA and England. Conurbation refers to the merging of two or more previously separate cities into a single continuous urban area. This process is most highly developed in the USA and England due to their history of urbanization and industrialization. The cities of London and New York are two of the largest conurbations in the world and serve as centers of finance, commerce, and culture. These cities have grown and expanded over time to include many surrounding suburbs, creating a vast, interconnected metropolitan area.

The survival of an organism in a natural ecosystem depends largely on

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The survival of an organism in a natural ecosystem depends largely on its adaptation to prevailing conditions. This means that the organism must be able to adapt to the environment in which it lives, in order to be able to survive and reproduce. This includes factors such as the availability of food and water, the presence of predators, the climate, and other environmental factors. When an organism is able to adapt to its environment, it is better able to compete with other organisms and increase its chances of survival.

The Sudd region has been highly valued for its

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The Sudd region has been highly valued for its biodiversity. Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms in an ecosystem, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. The Sudd is a vast wetland in South Sudan that covers approximately 30,000 square kilometers and is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna. The wetland provides habitat for many endangered and endemic species, including birds, fish, and large mammals like the African elephant. In addition to supporting a rich array of wildlife, the Sudd is also an important source of water and food for local communities who rely on its resources for their livelihoods. Therefore, protecting the biodiversity of the Sudd is crucial for both ecological and human well-being.

The South Pole is in darkness from

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Migration can contribute to solving the problems of rural areas by

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The rocks of the basement complex are generally referred to as

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The rocks of the basement complex are generally referred to as older granite. The basement complex is a layer of rock that forms the foundation or base of the Earth's crust. It consists of a variety of igneous and metamorphic rocks that have been deeply buried and intensely deformed over time. The older granite that makes up the basement complex is a type of igneous rock that was formed by the solidification of molten magma deep beneath the Earth's surface. It is typically composed of minerals such as quartz, feldspar, and mica, and is known for its coarse-grained texture and distinctive speckled appearance. The older granite of the basement complex is important because it serves as a stable platform for the overlying sedimentary rocks and volcanic rocks. It also plays a significant role in controlling the location and distribution of mineral deposits, as many valuable ores are associated with the older granite. Overall, the older granite of the basement complex is a fundamental component of the Earth's crust and has significant geological and economic importance.

A weather element controlled mainly by latitude is

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Temperature is the weather element that is controlled mainly by latitude. Latitude is a measurement of how far a place is from the equator, with the equator being at 0° latitude and the poles at 90° latitude. The closer a place is to the equator, the more direct sunlight it receives, and the warmer it tends to be. The further away from the equator a place is, the less direct sunlight it receives and the cooler it tends to be. This is why the tropics are warm and the poles are cold. So, in simple terms, latitude mainly affects temperature because it determines the amount of direct sunlight a place receives, which in turn affects its overall temperature.

An example of argillaceous rock is

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The speed and capacity of a train are influenced by the

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A country well known for the production of Copper in Africa is

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Zambia is a country in Africa that is well-known for its production of copper. Copper is a metal that is widely used in many industries, and Zambia is one of the largest producers of this metal in Africa. In Zambia, copper is extracted from the ground and then processed into different forms, such as wire, pipes, and other products. The mining industry is a major contributor to the economy of Zambia, and the country's copper mines help to provide jobs and support the local economy.

The catalyst in the economic development of Japan is its

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The main catalyst in the economic development of Japan was a combination of factors, including a large pool of skilled manpower, favorable geographic location with extensive coastlines conductive to shipping, and abundant mineral deposits that allowed for the growth of various industries. Additionally, the government played a crucial role in promoting economic growth through policies that encouraged investment and trade. The combination of these factors allowed Japan to rapidly develop into one of the largest and most technologically advanced economies in the world.

The process by which organic matter is decomposed and synthesized to form part of the soil is known as

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The process by which organic matter is decomposed and synthesized to form part of the soil is known as humification. Humification is the process by which organic matter, such as dead plant material or animal waste, is broken down into simpler organic compounds by microorganisms in the soil. These simpler compounds are then combined and restructured into more complex organic molecules known as humus. Humus is a dark, organic material that is an essential component of healthy soil. It helps to retain water and nutrients, improves soil structure, and supports the growth of plants. Humification is an important part of the natural cycle of nutrient recycling in ecosystems, as it returns nutrients back to the soil for future plant growth.

Which of the following regions has the least population density?

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The region with the least population density is the Eurasian Tundra. The tundra is a cold, barren landscape located in the northern hemisphere, spanning across parts of Alaska, Canada, Russia, and Scandinavia. This region is characterized by extremely harsh weather conditions, including long, cold winters and brief, cool summers. The soil is also poor in nutrients and unable to support much plant life, making it difficult for people and animals to survive. As a result, the population density in this region is very low and only a small number of people live there.

An example of a non-renewable resource is

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A non-renewable resource is a resource that cannot be easily replenished or regenerated. An example of a non-renewable resource is mineral, such as coal, oil, and natural gas. These resources are formed over millions of years and are finite, meaning they will eventually run out. Unlike renewable resources, like wind and solar power, which can be replenished, non-renewable resources are being consumed faster than they can be replaced. This is why it's important to use these resources wisely and find alternative energy sources to preserve them for future generations.