JAMB UTME - Government - 2021

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Pre-colonial Nigerian societies are described as stateless primarily because they had no formal governmental institutions. This means that there were no centralized systems of authority or bureaucracy that governed the societies. While there were often leaders or rulers, their authority was often limited to their immediate kinship group or community and there was no overarching governmental structure that governed the society as a whole. Additionally, stateless societies often had no definite political boundaries and their independence could vary depending on their interactions with neighboring societies, but these factors are not the primary reasons for describing them as stateless. The size of the population is also not a determining factor in whether a society is considered stateless.

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During the Nigerian Civil War, the major power that expressed moral support for Biafra's self-determination was France.

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Legislatures (sometimes called parliament, senate or congress) perform three key roles: representation of the people, passing effective legislation, and oversight of government.

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The main function of the Code of Conduct Bureau is to ensure accountability in government business. The Code of Conduct Bureau is a Nigerian government agency responsible for the enforcement of the Code of Conduct for public officers, which outlines the ethical and moral standards that public officers are expected to adhere to in the conduct of their official duties. The Bureau is charged with investigating and verifying the assets and liabilities of public officers and ensuring that they comply with the provisions of the Code of Conduct. Its mandate is to promote transparency and accountability in government business, and to prevent corruption and abuse of office by public officers.

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Under the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria, the power to create local governments is vested in the State Assembly.

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A common feature of government is the making of public policy. Public policy refers to the decisions, actions, and programs of government that are intended to address societal problems or to advance certain goals or values. While the other options listed may also be features of some governments, they are not universal or necessary features. For example, not all governments have a written constitution, and not all have an independent judiciary. However, all governments engage in the making of public policy in one way or another.

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Nigeria's withdrawal from the Edinburgh Commonwealth Games in July 1986 was in protest against British failure to impose sanctions on South Africa for its apartheid policy. 

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The head of government in Nigeria in 1963 was Alhaji Abubakar Tafawa Balewa.

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The major problem of the ECOWAS is lack of common currency. This makes financial transactions difficult among member nations.

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The Murtala/Obasanjo regime in Nigeria increased the number of states from 12 to 19.

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Professor Ibrahim Gambari was the Special Assistant to the United Nations Secretary General on African Affairs.

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When Nigeria gained independence from the United Kingdom on 1 October 1960, it originally had a parliamentary constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as the head of state.

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Before Nigeria became a republic, the highest body charged with the administration of justice was the Privy Council, which was a judicial body based in London, England. The Privy Council had jurisdiction over appeals from the Nigerian courts, and its decisions were considered final. This arrangement continued until Nigeria became a republic in 1963, after which the Privy Council's jurisdiction over Nigeria was abolished, and the Supreme Court became the highest court in the land.

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Citizenship of a country could be acquired through birth and naturalization.

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The term that refers to the manipulation of boundaries of constituencies in order to win more seats is "Gerrymandering."

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The absence of the rule of law in government will bring about human rights abuse. This is so as the rule of law refers to the constitutional provision which emphasizes the supremacy of the law, the equality before the law and existence of fundamental human rights.

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The fundamental rights of citizens include the following except for "Free education, employment and freedom of thought." The correct fundamental rights of citizens are generally recognized to include the right to life, liberty, and property, as well as freedom of speech, association, and social security.

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Venezuela is a founding member of OPEC (the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries). It was one of the five founding members that signed the OPEC Declaration of Cooperation in 1960, along with Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia.

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The Ibadan Conference of 1950 was convened to discuss the provisions of the Macpherson Constitution. The Macpherson Constitution was a Nigerian constitutional document that was enacted in 1951 during the colonial era. It replaced the Clifford Constitution of 1922 and provided for a more representative government in Nigeria, although it still fell short of the demands for full self-government. The Ibadan Conference was held to discuss the provisions of the Macpherson Constitution before it was enacted.

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he first Nigerian Permanent Representative to United Nations was General Joseph Garba.

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The Economic Community of West African States has made impressive progress in the area of increased trade among members. 

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The independent National Electoral Commission has the power to prepare and maintain the register of voters.

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The type of government operated in Nigeria between October 1st 1979 to December 3 1983 is called a Presidential system of government.

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Under the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria, the appointment of Ministers and Ambassadors must be ratified by the Senate.

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The financial allocation to local governments by the federal or the state government to supplement the cost of a project is called a "matching grant".

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The fees collected by local governments at motor parks represent levies.

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Government by the wealthy is known as Plutocracy.

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The Native Authority System was most effective and successful in Northern Nigeria.

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The major issue that distinguishes pressure groups from political parties is their objective. While political parties seek to gain control of government by contesting elections and implementing their policies, pressure groups aim to influence government policy and decision-making from outside the formal political system. Pressure groups are formed around a specific issue or cause and may use various tactics, such as lobbying, protests, and media campaigns, to put pressure on policymakers to address their concerns. In contrast, political parties are more concerned with winning elections and gaining political power to implement their broader policy platform.

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The Barclays Bank and the British Petroleum Company in Nigeria were nationalized in the late 1970s for transacting business with South Africa.

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The method used by the British to facilitate the administration of Southern Nigeria was "divide and rule."

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The highest grade in the Civil Service is known as the Administrative cadre.

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The two military coups that toppled civilian regimes in Nigeria were those of January 1966 and December 1983.

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The correct answer is the 1979 Constitution of Nigeria.

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After 1945, the demand of African nationalists changed from reform to independence because the second world war boosted their morale. The war exposed the myth surrounding white supremacy.

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In the legislative process, a bill is a proposal before the legislature. It is a draft of a proposed law that is introduced in the legislative branch of the government, and it must be debated, amended, and voted on by the members of the legislative body before it can become a law. If the bill is passed by the legislature, it will then be sent to the executive branch of the government for approval or veto.

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The role of the National Defense Council is to advise the President on matters relating to the defense of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Nigeria”

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The person who re-organised Nigeria's four regions into twelve states in May 1967 was General Yakubu Gowon.

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In the First Republic of Nigeria, the official opposition party was the Action Group.

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The argument against a multi-party system is the encouragement of opposition and instability. In a multi-party system, there are usually several political parties competing for power and representation, which can lead to frequent changes in government and policy, as well as political gridlock and instability. Some argue that this can make it difficult for a government to effectively govern and make long-term plans, and may discourage foreign investment and assistance. However, proponents of multi-party systems argue that they provide greater representation and choice for voters and can lead to more responsive and accountable governments.