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Ajụjụ 1 Ripọtì
Nigeria played fundamental roles in the creation of
Akọwa Nkọwa
Nigeria has played significant roles in the creation and sustenance of some key international organizations. Let's discuss these contributions in simple terms.
ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States):
Nigeria was a major architect in the formation of ECOWAS, which was established in 1975. The country recognized the need for economic cooperation among West African countries to foster regional development, stability, and to improve living standards. Nigeria's leadership and dedication were crucial in bringing together sixteen West African countries to create ECOWAS. It aimed to promote economic integration, free trade, and cooperation in various fields such as agriculture, culture, and industry.
OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries):
Although Nigeria was not one of the founding members of OPEC when it was formed in 1960, Nigeria joined OPEC in 1971. Nigeria's role has since become essential due to its position as one of Africa's largest oil producers. Through OPEC, Nigeria has been involved in decisions affecting global oil prices and oil policies, reflecting the interests of oil-exporting countries.
UN (United Nations):
Nigeria became a member of the United Nations in 1960, shortly after gaining independence. While Nigeria was not involved in the founding of the UN, it has played an active role as a member. Nigeria has contributed to peacekeeping missions, provided diplomatic support, and worked within the UN framework to address global issues such as poverty, health, and security. Nigeria’s participation is vital, given its status as a significant nation on the African continent.
Commonwealth:
Nigeria joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1960 following its independence from British colonial rule. As a member, Nigeria participates in activities to foster cooperation among member states in areas such as democracy, human rights, and development. It has also hosted Commonwealth Heads of Government Meetings. Although it didn't play a role in the creation, Nigeria has been an active and influential member.
Ajụjụ 2 Ripọtì
Lack of separation of power is a feature of
Akọwa Nkọwa
Lack of separation of power is primarily a feature of a military government.
In a typical democratic framework, like a presidential system or a cabinet system, power is usually divided among different branches: the executive, the legislative, and the judiciary. This division is known as the separation of powers. It ensures that no single entity has absolute control, and it balances the powers among various branches of government.
On the other hand, a military government usually centralizes power within a single authority or group, often led by military leaders. In such systems, the military might control the executive power and possibly influence or directly control legislative and judicial functions. This centralized control eliminates the typical checks and balances provided by a separation of powers, leading to a system where one group or leader may wield broad, unchecked authority.
Ajụjụ 3 Ripọtì
Strike action is mostly used by
Akọwa Nkọwa
Strike action is mostly used by pressure groups.
Pressure groups are organizations formed to influence public policy and decision-making. These groups often bring attention to social, economic, or political issues by advocating for changes through various forms of protest, including strike actions. Their key purpose is to create awareness and apply pressure on decision-makers, such as governments or corporations, to address their concerns.
For example, labor unions, which are a type of pressure group, commonly employ strikes as a means to demand better wages, improved working conditions, or labor rights from employers. By organizing a strike, these groups can effectively draw public attention to their cause, disrupt normal operations, and compel the concerned parties to negotiate or take action.
In contrast, political parties focus primarily on winning elections, traders are usually individual business people whose primary interest is commerce, and parliamentarians are lawmakers engaged in legislative duties. While these groups might support or oppose strike actions, they typically do not organize them. Therefore, the organizing and execution of strikes are most closely associated with pressure groups.
Ajụjụ 4 Ripọtì
Dual citizenship was a feature of the
Akọwa Nkọwa
Dual citizenship was a feature of the French colonial system.
In the French colonial system, the concept of dual citizenship existed under the idea called "assimilation." This meant that individuals living in French colonies, if they adopted French culture, language, and law, could gain some rights similar to those of French citizens. However, this was not automatic and usually applied to a select group within the colonies.
The French had two main groups in their colonies: "citoyens," who were considered full French citizens and had extensive rights, and "sujets," who were subjects of the French Empire with fewer rights. Through the process of assimilation, a subject could become a citizen, thus obtaining French citizenship while retaining their original identity, thereby leading to the idea of dual citizenship.
This approach was somewhat unique to the French system compared to other colonial systems where such a concept did not prominently exist.
Ajụjụ 5 Ripọtì
Before a treaty can be binding on a country, it has to be approved by the
Akọwa Nkọwa
Before a treaty can be binding on a country, it typically has to be approved by the legislature. This is because the legislative branch of government is usually responsible for making laws and approving international agreements. The process involves a few key steps. First, the treaty is negotiated and signed by members of the executive branch, such as the president or prime minister and other officials. However, signature alone does not mean the treaty is fully accepted. To ensure that the treaty is consistent with the country's laws and policies, the legislature must review and ratify it.
Once the legislature has examined the treaty, they may hold debates and discussions to assess its implications. They need to ensure that the treaty aligns with the country's national interest and legal framework. If the legislature agrees, they will give their consent, thereby making the treaty legally binding. This legislative approval process allows for checks and balances in government, ensuring that the treaty undergoes thorough scrutiny by representatives of the people.
The judiciary is not directly involved in the treaty approval process; instead, they interpret laws and may address any legal disputes regarding treaties. The military does not play a role in approving treaties; their role is more about implementing defense-related strategies and policies that may arise from such treaties once they are enacted.
Ajụjụ 6 Ripọtì
The collective views of the citizens on a specific national matter is
Akọwa Nkọwa
The collective views of the citizens on a specific national matter is known as public opinion.
Public opinion refers to the aggregate of individual attitudes or beliefs about a particular topic or issue that is significant to the society at large. It represents the general consensus or the majority viewpoint of the people within a nation. This opinion is often measured through surveys, polls, media reports, and other means of gauging how the populace feels or thinks about a specific matter.
Public opinion is vital in a democracy because it can influence policy decisions, election outcomes, and the actions of government officials. It reflects what citizens believe to be important, usually based on their values, experiences, and available information.
In summary, public opinion is the term that best describes the aggregate views of individuals within a society on issues of national importance.
Ajụjụ 7 Ripọtì
A union of states with a common recognised authority is
Akọwa Nkọwa
The term you are looking for is a federal system. In a federal system, a group of states, regions, or provinces come together to form a union under a common, central government that has authority over the entire nation. However, each state maintains its own government and has certain powers that are not overridden by the central authority. This system allows for a balance of power between the central government and the individual states. Examples of countries with a federal system include the United States, Canada, and Germany.
In contrast, a unitary system is one where a single central government holds most of the power, and any administrative divisions benefit from devolved powers that can be revoked by the central authority.
A representative system is a form of government where citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf, but it does not inherently describe the relationship between a central authority and regions or states.
A confederal system is a loose alliance of independent states where the central authority has limited power, and the individual states retain the majority of governmental power. It is essentially the opposite of a unitary system.
Ajụjụ 8 Ripọtì
The Nigerian Civil War was fought during the military regime of
Akọwa Nkọwa
The Nigerian Civil War, also known as the Biafran War, was fought during the military regime of Yakubu Gowon. This war lasted from 1967 to 1970. It began due to ethnic, political, economic, and religious tensions among the various regions of Nigeria.
Yakubu Gowon became the head of state after Major General Aguiyi Ironsi was assassinated in 1966. Gowon was tasked with keeping Nigeria united during a period of intense upheaval. When the Southeastern region, led by Colonel Odumegwu Ojukwu, declared independence as the Republic of Biafra in 1967, it led to a brutal and devastating conflict.
Gowon's administration focused on reunifying the country through military action, which eventually led to the surrender of Biafra in 1970. Under his leadership, efforts were made to rebuild and reconcile the nation following the end of hostilities. Thus, the Nigerian Civil War is closely associated with Yakubu Gowon's regime.
Ajụjụ 9 Ripọtì
Under the Hausa pre-colonial administration, the office of the Prime Minister is usually occupied by
Akọwa Nkọwa
In Hausa pre-colonial administration, the office of the Prime Minister was usually occupied by the Waziri. The Hausa societies during pre-colonial times had a well-structured and organized system of governance similar to a centralized form of government.
The Sarki, or king, was the head of the administration, but he had a council of officials to help with governance. Among these officials, the Waziri was considered the most important after the king. He played a significant role in administration, acting as the chief advisor and assistant to the Sarki. The Waziri was responsible for advising the Sarki on state matters and often managed day-to-day administrative duties, making him equivalent to what we might think of as a Prime Minister today.
The Galadima was usually responsible for the affairs of the city, and the Madawaki typically handled military matters, specifically relating to cavalry. Thus, the role of the Waziri was more aligned with the duties of a Prime Minister.
Ajụjụ 10 Ripọtì
One of these is not an organ of the Commonwealth of Nations
Akọwa Nkọwa
The **Commonwealth of Nations**, often simply known as the **Commonwealth**, is a political association of 56 member states, most of which are former territories of the British Empire. It is indeed essential to recognize its main organs.
The **Commonwealth Secretariat** is a principal **organ**. It is responsible for the administrative work of the Commonwealth, serving member governments, and acting as a central agency of cooperation for policy development and consensus-building among countries.
The **Assembly of Heads of State and Government** does not exist within the Commonwealth framework as an independent organ. Instead, these leaders meet at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM), which is a summit for current government leaders to discuss pertinent global and Commonwealth issues.
The **Conference of Prime Ministers** is not a permanent organ of the Commonwealth, but it refers historically to meetings of the heads of government, which is similar to CHOGM today.
The **Fund for Technical Cooperation** is an integral financial resource managed by the Commonwealth Secretariat, not an organ in itself. It supports member countries in achieving economic development through technical assistance.
In conclusion, the **Assembly of Heads of State and Government**, as stated, is not an independent **organ** of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Ajụjụ 11 Ripọtì
Aggregate view of individuals in a society is referred to as
Akọwa Nkọwa
The term used to describe the aggregate view of individuals in a society is called public opinion. Public opinion represents the collective attitudes, beliefs, and preferences on a particular topic or issue held by the general population, usually in the context of political, social, or economic matters.
Public opinion is often measured through surveys and polls, and it provides insights into what people think, feel, and believe at a given point in time. Understanding public opinion helps policymakers, leaders, and organizations gauge the mood of the society, predict future trends, and make informed decisions.
Ajụjụ 12 Ripọtì
The power of prerogative of mercy rests with the
Akọwa Nkọwa
The power of prerogative of mercy is vested in the executive branch of government. This power allows the head of the executive, usually the president or governor, to exercise mercy in the case of criminal offenders. This can include granting pardons, reducing sentences, or commuting penalties. The purpose is to provide a means to achieve justice or compassion beyond the scope of the judiciary.
Key Points:
Ajụjụ 13 Ripọtì
Public corporations can be controlled by
Akọwa Nkọwa
The courts can declare any act made by some corporations illegal or unconstitutional. This is done when they are breaching the Act upon which they are set up.
Ajụjụ 14 Ripọtì
An agent in which the state undertakes direct political socialisation is the
Akọwa Nkọwa
The agent in which the state undertakes direct political socialization is the school.
Here's why:
Schools play a crucial role in political socialization, which is the process of learning and internalizing the values, beliefs, and norms of a political culture. Unlike other agents, schools are often directly influenced and regulated by the state. They are used as formal settings where the government can introduce and emphasize civic education, national history, laws, and political systems.
This means that students learn about their country’s political system, responsibilities as citizens, and democratic principles through the curriculum designed and enforced by the educational authorities, which are typically linked to the state. Schools also celebrate national holidays and instill patriotic sentiments through various activities and programs.
On the other hand, the church may impart spiritual and moral values, the peer groups influence behavior and social norms, and the mass media shape public opinion. However, these are not typically under direct state control for political socialization.
Ajụjụ 15 Ripọtì
An economic system that encourages state ownership and control of the means of production is
Akọwa Nkọwa
An economic system that encourages state ownership and control of the means of production is socialism. In socialism, the government takes charge of operating and managing industries, businesses, and resources. The core idea is to distribute wealth and resources more equally among all members of society. The belief is that by having the state own and manage the means of production, rather than private individuals or corporations, resources can be used for the common good and help reduce economic inequality. While both socialism and communism involve government control, socialism is generally less extreme and allows for some level of private ownership and individual economic choice.
Ajụjụ 16 Ripọtì
Which of the following is a basic feature of the rule of law?
Akọwa Nkọwa
The rule of law is a fundamental concept in legal and political theory that ensures that all individuals and entities are subject to and accountable to law that is fairly applied and enforced. Among the features listed, a basic feature of the rule of law is the concept of Equality before the law.
Equality before the law means that every person, regardless of status, wealth, ethnicity, or power, is subject to the same laws and entitled to the same legal protections. This feature ensures that the laws are applied uniformly, providing a foundation for fairness and justice in society. It contrasts with practices or systems where certain individuals or groups may be above the law or treated differently based on arbitrary distinctions.
In comparison, the other features mentioned, such as secret trials of offenders, unlimited power of the executive, and a dependent judiciary, do not align with the principles of the rule of law. Secret trials undermine transparency and accountability, unlimited power of the executive leads to tyranny, and a dependent judiciary erodes justice by compromising independence and impartiality.
Ajụjụ 17 Ripọtì
The Nigerian Youth Movement pursued its objectives through the use of
Akọwa Nkọwa
The Nigerian Youth Movement (NYM) played a significant role in advocating for the rights and interests of Nigerians during the colonial period. They pursued their objectives through a mix of **protest**, **newspapers**, and **strike actions**. Here’s a simple explanation:
The combination of these strategies helped the Nigerian Youth Movement to effectively pursue their objectives and lay the groundwork for future political activism in Nigeria. They demonstrated the power of organized advocacy in challenging unjust systems.
Ajụjụ 18 Ripọtì
The Aburi Accord was a popular phrase during the administration of
Akọwa Nkọwa
The Aburi Accord was a popular phrase during the administration of General Yakubu Gowon. This accord refers to a series of negotiations and agreements that took place in January 1967 at Aburi, Ghana, involving representatives of the military government of Nigeria and regional leaders to address the growing political tensions in Nigeria.
The primary aim of the Aburi Accord was to resolve disagreements about the country's governance and to prevent a looming civil war. Key issues discussed included the decentralization of power, the military structure, and resource control. Unfortunately, the agreements made at Aburi were not fully implemented upon return to Nigeria, leading to further tensions.
The failure to adhere to the Aburi Accord was one of the factors that contributed to the outbreak of the Nigerian Civil War, also known as the Biafran War, in 1967. Therefore, the Aburi Accord is closely associated with General Yakubu Gowon's leadership during that critical time in Nigeria's history.
Ajụjụ 19 Ripọtì
Which of these is a major challenge of public corporations in Nigeria?
Akọwa Nkọwa
A major challenge of public corporations in Nigeria is political interference. Public corporations in Nigeria often face significant challenges due to political interference for several reasons:
In conclusion, political interference poses a significant challenge because it undermines the ability of public corporations to operate efficiently, make strategic decisions, and focus on their core missions, leading to poor service delivery and financial performance.
Ajụjụ 20 Ripọtì
The party system that Nigeria operated in the aborted Third Republic is
Akọwa Nkọwa
Nigeria operated a two-party system during the aborted Third Republic. This system involves having only two major political parties that dominate the political landscape, often leading to simpler choices for voters. In the case of Nigeria's Third Republic, the government officially sanctioned and recognized two political parties:
In this system, both parties competed for political power, emulating a structure seen in several Western democracies, such as the United States. The goal was to create a more stable and efficient political environment by reducing the complexities and conflicts that can arise from multiple parties. Unfortunately, this attempt was short-lived because the Third Republic was prematurely ended by a military coup before the system could become entrenched.
Ajụjụ 21 Ripọtì
A form of government where the powers of the state is determined by the citizens is
Akọwa Nkọwa
The form of government where the powers of the state are determined by the citizens is Democracy.
In a Democracy, the power to make decisions about laws, policies, and the leadership of the country is vested in the hands of the people. This is typically done through various forms of participation such as voting in elections. When citizens vote for their leaders and on specific political issues, they exercise their power to shape the way the government operates.
A Democracy is characterized by several core principles:
In contrast to other forms of government such as Monarchy, Aristocracy, and Autocracy, where power is held by one person or a specific group, a Democracy ensures that the power rests with the people, making it the most inclusive form of governance.
Ajụjụ 22 Ripọtì
The fragmented nature of the Igbo pre-colonial political system qualified it to be described as
Akọwa Nkọwa
The pre-colonial Igbo political system is often described as acephalous in nature. This is because it lacked a centralized authority or head such as a king or chief, which is common in centralized political systems. Instead, the Igbo society was organized around individual communities or villages, each of which had its own set of rules and governance structures. These communities were largely independent and operated through a system of direct democracy.
In the Igbo culture, governance was conducted through a council of elders, age grades, and other traditional institutions. Decisions were made collectively, often through consensus, rather than by a single ruler. This decentralized and balanced approach to governance can also be described as fragmented because power and authority were spread out over various age groups and societal institutions, rather than being concentrated in one central figure or body.
Overall, the Igbo political system exemplified a grassroots and community-centered approach to decision-making, which allowed for a high degree of autonomy and flexibility within each village or community.
Ajụjụ 23 Ripọtì
One of the internal factors that led to the rise and growth of nationalism in Nigeria was
Akọwa Nkọwa
One of the internal factors that contributed significantly to the rise and growth of nationalism in Nigeria was the return of ex-service men after World War II. These men had served alongside soldiers from other nations, gaining exposure to international ideas and practices. Here is a simple explanation:
In summary, the return of ex-service men was a catalyst in fostering a stronger sense of national identity and solidarity among Nigerians, fueling the desire for independence and self-governance.
Ajụjụ 24 Ripọtì
The rule of law is an essential ingredient of
Akọwa Nkọwa
The rule of law is an essential ingredient of democracy.
To understand why, let me explain the key concepts:
Rule of Law: It means that the laws of a country are applied equally and fairly to all its citizens. No one is above the law, not even leaders or government officials. It ensures justice, equality, and accountability within a society.
Democracy: It is a system of government where the power comes from the people. Citizens elect representatives to make decisions and create laws on their behalf. Democracy relies on principles such as freedom, equality, and transparency.
Now, let's see why the rule of law is crucial for democracy:
In summary, without the rule of law, a democracy cannot function effectively as it ensures that everyone is treated fairly, rights are upheld, and government power is kept in check.
Ajụjụ 25 Ripọtì
The rationale behind the adoption of a federal system of government in Nigeria is to
Akọwa Nkọwa
The adoption of a federal system of government in Nigeria is primarily motivated by the need to promote autonomy of states and promote unity in diversity.
Promote the Autonomy of States:
Nigeria is a country with various ethnic groups and cultures. The federal system allows each state, which may represent a particular ethnic or cultural group, to have some degree of self-governance. This means that states can make decisions best suited to their local circumstances, as they have control over certain areas such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure development. By fostering autonomy, the federal system helps prevent dominance by a single ethnic group and allows for more nuanced governance that can address the specific needs and aspirations of different regions.
Promote Unity in Diversity:
Nigerian society is highly diverse, with over 250 ethnic groups. A federal system accommodates this diversity by ensuring that different groups have representation and participation in governance. This system helps in managing diversity by allowing various ethnic groups to coexist peacefully under a central government while maintaining their unique identities and rights. It encourages cooperation and collaboration amongst the states, which contributes to national unity. By integrating diverse groups into a single political framework, the federal system helps to strengthen national identity and cohesion, thus promoting unity.
Ultimately, the federal system in Nigeria seeks to balance the need for a strong central government while respecting the cultural and ethnic diversity that characterizes its population. This balance helps maintain peace, stability, and development across the nation.
Ajụjụ 26 Ripọtì
Price stability in the international oil market is the major objective of the
Akọwa Nkọwa
The major objective of **price stability in the international oil market** is primarily associated with the **Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)**.
OPEC is an organization consisting of oil-producing countries, and its primary aim is to **coordinate and unify the petroleum policies** of its member countries. This coordination ensures that the oil market is stable, prices are reasonable, and there is a consistent supply of oil to consumers.
OPEC achieves this by determining the **production levels** of its member countries. By doing so, it can either increase or decrease oil production to influence oil prices. For instance, if there is too much oil in the market, leading to falling prices, OPEC may choose to lower production to stabilize or increase prices.
This function is not a direct objective of organizations such as the **United Nations (UN)**, which focuses on maintaining international peace and security, or the **World Trade Organization (WTO)**, which addresses trade rules between countries. Similarly, the **African Union (AU)** concentrates on regional integration and development within Africa.
Ajụjụ 27 Ripọtì
NEPAD stands for
Akọwa Nkọwa
NEPAD stands for New Partnerships for Africa's Development.
The New Partnerships for Africa's Development (NEPAD) is an economic policy framework for Africa that was established by African leaders in the early 2000s. The main aim of NEPAD is to address challenges facing African countries through a novel partnership approach. This approach is centered on providing African solutions by promoting cooperation, collaboration, and mutual assistance among African states.
NEPAD focuses on several key areas including economic growth, sustainable development, regional integration, and political governance. It recognizes that in order to foster development, there needs to be dedication from African leaders to implement strategies that prioritize the welfare of their people, investment in infrastructure, advancement in technology, and agricultural growth.
Through NEPAD, Africa seeks to achieve strategic objectives such as eradicating poverty, placing Africa on a sustainable development path, halting the marginalization of Africa in the globalization process, and enhancing the role of women in all activities. By establishing new partnerships within Africa and with the international community, NEPAD aims to facilitate the attainment of its goals.
Ajụjụ 28 Ripọtì
The electoral process in a representative government does NOT include
Akọwa Nkọwa
In a representative government, the electoral process is fundamentally about ensuring that citizens have a clear path to select their representatives. This includes conducting free and fair elections where all eligible voters can participate without undue influence or barriers. An independent electoral commission is also essential as it ensures that the process is managed fairly, transparently, and impartially.
Additionally, a free press plays a pivotal role in keeping the electorate informed. It allows for the dissemination of information and offers a platform for public discussion, ensuring voters understand the choices available to them.
However, registration of birth is not a direct part of the electoral process. While birth registration is important for documenting an individual's existence and identity, it is not a step in the process of organizing or conducting elections. It is more of a civil registration system that helps in establishing the identity for various purposes, which can indirectly relate to voter identification, but it is not an electoral activity in itself.
Thus, registration of birth is the element that does not directly belong to the electoral process in a representative government.
Ajụjụ 29 Ripọtì
naturalised citizen can lose his citizenship if found guilty of
Akọwa Nkọwa
A naturalized citizen is someone who has obtained citizenship by fulfilling the legal criteria set by a country. However, even after becoming a citizen, certain serious offenses can lead to the revocation of one's citizenship.
The offense that can lead to the loss of citizenship for a naturalized citizen is treason. Treason is defined as the act of betraying one's own country by attempting to overthrow the government or harming the nation's sovereignty.
This is because treason signifies a fundamental betrayal of the nation's trust and security. Countries take this offense very seriously, as it poses a direct threat to national security and the well-being of its citizens.
On the other hand, offenses such as evading taxes, electoral violence, or loitering, although potentially serious, do not typically result in the loss of citizenship. These crimes are usually addressed through other legal penalties like fines, imprisonment, or other corrective measures.
Ajụjụ 30 Ripọtì
Absence of a Red-tape is a merit of
Akọwa Nkọwa
The **absence of red tape** is typically considered a merit of a **unitary government structure**.
Here's why:
Overall, the **unitary structure** is seen as an efficient means to enact policies and changes due to the **reduction of procedural hurdles** that are more common in other government structures.
Ajụjụ 31 Ripọtì
Delegated legislation can be regulated through
Akọwa Nkọwa
Delegated legislation refers to laws or regulations that are created by an individual or body under powers given to them by an Act of Parliament. It is an essential part of the legislative process as it allows for laws to be made without having to pass a new Act through Parliament.
There are several ways in which delegated legislation can be regulated effectively:
1. Ministerial Control: This involves the supervision and management of delegated legislation by the ministers who have been given the authority to create these laws. Ministers often have the power to approve, amend, or annul delegated legislation, ensuring that it aligns with the broader legislative intentions of the government.
2. Legislative Control: Parliament retains some degree of control over delegated legislation through various mechanisms. For example, delegated legislation may be subject to an affirmative resolution, requiring explicit approval by Parliament. Alternatively, there might be a negative resolution procedure, where the legislation automatically becomes law unless Parliament explicitly rejects it within a certain timeframe.
3. Executive Control: This refers to the oversight exercised by the executive branch, which includes government departments and agencies. They ensure that delegated legislation is consistent with existing policies and does not overstep the boundaries set by the parent Act. The executive may also conduct reviews and update the delegated legislation as necessary.
4. Judicial Control: The judiciary plays a crucial role in ensuring that delegated legislation is within the limits of the authority granted by the enabling Act. Courts can conduct judicial reviews to determine whether delegated legislation is valid. If a court finds that the legislation goes beyond the powers given or is unreasonable or oppressive, it can declare it invalid.
In conclusion, the regulation of delegated legislation is ensured through the combined efforts of ministerial, legislative, executive, and judicial controls, each serving as checks and balances to maintain proper legal and administrative order.
Ajụjụ 32 Ripọtì
A major problem affecting Local government in Nigeria today is
Akọwa Nkọwa
State Management Interference is one of the major problems affecting local government in Nigeria today.
The local government system was established as the third tier of government in Nigeria, meant to bring governance closer to the people and cater to their immediate needs. However, the reality on the ground often depicts a situation where the state's interference in local affairs hampers this purpose. This interference can manifest in several ways:
The result of state management interference is that it often undermines the ability of local governments to function effectively and address local issues, rendering them less responsive to the needs of their communities.
Ajụjụ 33 Ripọtì
The Commission that examines complaints of civil wrongs committed by government employees is
Akọwa Nkọwa
The Commission responsible for examining complaints of civil wrongs committed by government employees is the Public Complaints Commission. This body is often referred to as the "Ombudsman." It acts as a mediator between the public and the government.
The primary role of the Public Complaints Commission is to investigate complaints against administrative actions that were seen as unjust, unfair, or oppressive by government officials. It aims to ensure that government employees uphold standards of fairness and transparency in their dealings with the public. The commission seeks to remedy any wrong actions taken and recommends ways to avoid such issues in the future.
By addressing these complaints, the Commission helps maintain trust in public services by holding government employees accountable and striving to improve administrative processes for better public service delivery.
Ajụjụ 34 Ripọtì
The judgement that ceded and transferred Bakassi legal title from Nigeria to Cameroon was delivered by
Akọwa Nkọwa
The judgement that ceded and transferred the Bakassi Peninsula's legal title from Nigeria to Cameroon was delivered by the International Court of Justice (ICJ). This court is the primary judicial branch of the United Nations, whose role is to settle legal disputes submitted by states and give advisory opinions on legal matters. The ICJ's decision was based on various historical treaties and agreements as well as international law, following a lengthy legal process. In October 2002, the ICJ ruled that the territory legally belonged to Cameroon, and this led to the eventual transfer of the disputed region. Understanding this jurisdiction and the case's global significance can help comprehend international territorial disputes and the function of the ICJ.
Ajụjụ 35 Ripọtì
As a non-aligned state, Nigeria attended the second meeting of the non-Aligned Movement that took place in Cairo, Egypt in
Akọwa Nkọwa
Nigeria, as a non-aligned state, attended the second meeting of the Non-Aligned Movement, which took place in 1964 in Cairo, Egypt. The Non-Aligned Movement is an international organization of countries that aimed to remain independent or neutral in the rivalry between the major world powers during the Cold War, specifically between the United States and the Soviet Union. This meeting allowed countries like Nigeria to express their independence and promote their interests without aligning formally with either of the two superpower blocs of that time. By attending this meeting in 1964, Nigeria demonstrated its commitment to this stance of neutrality.
Ajụjụ 36 Ripọtì
Shehu Shagari won the 1979 Presidential Election under
Akọwa Nkọwa
Shehu Shagari won the 1979 Presidential Election under the political party known as the National Party of Nigeria (NPN). This was a significant event in Nigerian history as it marked the transition from military rule to a civilian government. The NPN was known for its appeal across various regions of Nigeria and promoted a message of national unity. It was a dominant political force during the Second Republic of Nigeria, which began in 1979 after the military handed over power to the civilian government. The election of Shehu Shagari as President reflected the support and influence the NPN had at that time.
Ajụjụ 37 Ripọtì
The fundamental objective guiding a nation's foreign policy is
Akọwa Nkọwa
The fundamental objective guiding a nation's foreign policy is primarily its own national interest. Understanding a nation’s foreign policy involves comprehending the actions and decisions made by a country in its relations with other countries. Let's break this down in a simple way:
National Interest: This refers to the goals or ambitions of a nation. Each nation prioritizes its own security, economic well-being, and cultural values above all else. The foreign policy is crafted to promote the stability, prosperity, and welfare of its citizens. For instance, they might form alliances for security, engage in trade deals to boost their economy, or participate in international agreements that benefit their environment or public health.
Other interests like foreign interest, African interest, or colonial interest, while they may play a role in particular contexts or historical periods, are secondary concerns. Foreign interest might involve strategic diplomacy with other nations for mutual benefits, African interest may relate to regional partnerships or alliances within the continent for advanced cooperation, and colonial interest might pertain to historical ties or responsibilities resulting from a colonial past.
In conclusion, while a nation may consider external factors, the driving force of its foreign policy remains the national interest, which is principally focused on ensuring the best outcomes for its own country and people.
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Nigerian Ports Authority is an example of
Akọwa Nkọwa
The Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA) is an example of a Public Corporation.
To understand why, let's break down the term "Public Corporation". A public corporation is a state-owned enterprise established by the government to carry out specific functions, often of a commercial nature, for the benefit of the public. They are characterized by the following:
The Nigerian Ports Authority fits this description because it is a government-owned organization responsible for managing and operating the ports in Nigeria. It ensures that the ports function efficiently, handling imports and exports crucial for the country's economy. While it performs this essential public service, it also engages in commercial activities by charging fees for its services in loading, unloading, and storage in the ports.
In summary, the NPA functions as a government-established entity that balances public service with commercial operations, typifying a Public Corporation.
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The right to vote and be voted for is
Akọwa Nkọwa
The right to vote and be voted for is commonly referred to as a franchise or electoral right. This right is a vital aspect of a democratic society, allowing citizens to participate in choosing their government representatives and leaders. It ensures that the government reflects the will of the people. By voting, individuals express their preferences and influence the decision-making process within their country.
The terms franchise and electoral right can be used interchangeably in this context; however, the term "franchise" traditionally emphasizes the right to vote specifically, while "electoral right" may encompass broader participation in the electoral process, including being a candidate in elections.
While it is a form of freedom of expression, because through voting you express your choices, and it can be considered a fundamental human right in democratic societies, the specific term that directly identifies the right to vote and be elected is franchise.
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Which local government reform in Nigeria prevented traditional rulers from engaging in politics?
Akọwa Nkọwa
The local government reform in Nigeria that prevented traditional rulers from engaging in politics was the 1976 Reform.
Here's a simple explanation:
Prior to the 1976 reform, traditional rulers had significant influence and played active roles in both political and administrative affairs within their regions. This often created conflicts of interest and challenges in governance, as their roles were not clearly defined within the modern state structure.
The 1976 Local Government Reform was a significant restructuring of local governance. This reform aimed to establish a more uniform and systematic local government system throughout Nigeria. A vital aspect of this reform was to clearly define the roles and responsibilities of traditional rulers in order to separate traditional authority from political governance.
The reform stipulated that traditional rulers should no longer have executive or administrative roles in the formal local government system. This meant that they could not hold political office or engage in political activities, allowing for a clearer distinction between traditional roles and political governance.
Overall, the reform sought to create a more democratic and efficient local government structure by reducing political interference from traditional rulers, while still allowing them to preserve their cultural and traditional roles within their communities.
Ị ga-achọ ịga n'ihu na omume a?