JAMB UTME - Islamic Religious Studies - 2024

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A person who worships other beings is called an Idolater.

The term "Idolater" is derived from the word "idolatry," which refers to the practice of worshiping idols or other beings apart from a central, often monotheistic, deity. In many religious contexts, this means showing reverence to deities or objects that are considered false or secondary to a supreme being. It reflects the act of giving undue importance to physical representations or other divine figures, rather than adhering to the belief in a single, ultimate deity.

This concept is important in various religions, where the act of worship should be directed toward one main god, and worshipping other entities is seen as a deviation from this practice.

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In the context of Islamic prayers, some prayers include recitations that are spoken softly or silently, while others are recited aloud. Here's an explanation of the prayers you mentioned and whether they involve silent recitation:

Subh: This is the dawn prayer, which consists of two units (rak'ahs). The recitation in this prayer is done aloud.

Jumu'ah: This prayer occurs on Friday, replacing the regular Zuhr prayer with a sermon. Like many other obligatory prayers performed in congregation, the recitation during Jumu'ah is done aloud.

Zuhr: This is the midday prayer, consisting of four units. During Zuhr, the recitation is done silently.

Isha': This is the night prayer, which consists of four units. The recitation in the first two units is done aloud, while the recitation in the last two units is silent.

From the prayers listed, Zuhr involves entirely silent recitation, as each unit of the prayer is recited quietly.

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The **Ka'abah**, located in Mecca, holds a significant place in Islam as the most sacred site. According to Islamic tradition, it was originally **built** by **Prophet Ibrahim (AS)** and his son **Ismail (AS)**. They constructed the structure as a house of worship to Allah. This act is an important event in Islamic history, and the Ka'abah has since been central to Islamic rituals and pilgrimage, known as the **Hajj**.

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When we talk about sources of pure water, we are referring to origins where water is naturally found in a state suitable for drinking, without contamination. Let's analyze the sources listed:

• Rain: Rainwater is generally considered pure as it comes directly from the atmosphere, free of most contaminants. It hasn't picked up pollutants from the ground yet, which makes it a viable source of pure water.
• Stream: Streams consist of water that flows naturally over the Earth’s surface. They are often sourced from rainfall or groundwater and generally contain low levels of contaminants, though the purity can vary based on location and pollutant exposure. It is typically cleaner than rivers or lakes.
• River: Rivers are larger bodies of flowing water. While they can start relatively clean, as rivers travel, they often collect pollutants from industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and urban areas. This means that river water is rarely considered pure without treatment.
• Sewage: Sewage is a collection of wastewater from domestic, industrial, and stormwater sources. It contains a high level of organic waste, chemicals, and other pollutants. Therefore, sewage is definitely not a source of pure water.

Given this analysis, **sewage** is the one that is not a source of pure water by any means. It requires extensive treatment to remove contaminants before it can be considered safe or pure for consumption or release back into the environment.

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During the time of Prophet Muhammad (SAW), the recording of the Qur'an was primarily done using the materials that were readily available and durable in the region. The common materials included:

• Animal Skin: Known as parchment, animal skin was widely used because it was durable and relatively easy to write on.
• Leaves: Palm leaves or other large leaves available in the region were utilized for writing due to their availability.
• Animal Bones: Flat bones, such as the shoulder blades of camels or other large animals, provided a suitable surface for writing.

Paper: was not used during the time of Prophet Muhammad (SAW). This is because paper, as we know it today, originated from China and did not become commonplace in the Arabian region until much later. During the Prophet’s time, paper was neither readily available nor a feasible medium for writing. Hence, it is the material that was not used for recording the Qur'an during that era.

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The phrase "Subhana Rabbiyal a'la wabihamdihi" is recited during sujud. Sujud is the position in Islamic prayer (Salah) where a person is in full prostration, touching the ground with the forehead, nose, both palms, both knees, and all toes simultaneously. This act of submission and devotion is accompanied by this specific phrase, which translates to "Glory is to my Lord, the Most High, and praise is to Him." It is a way to express humility and glorify Allah during the prayer. This phrase is not recited during other parts of the prayer such as tashahhud, ruku', or julus.

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Ulul Azim refers to the five most prominent prophets in Islam: Muhammad, Ibrahim, Musa, Nuh, and Idris. Whil Isa is a significant prophet in Islam, he is not included in this specific group.

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The Quran, which is the holy book of Islam, contains a total of 114 chapters. These chapters are referred to as "Surahs" in Arabic. Each Surah serves as a chapter of the book, varying in length and covering different aspects of spiritual guidance, moral principles, and laws for living a righteous life according to Islamic beliefs.

The Surahs have been arranged in a particular sequence, which is believed to be divinely inspired, and they vary from very short chapters, such as Surah Al-Kawthar, to much longer ones, like Surah Al-Baqarah. These chapters together comprise the Quran, which is considered by Muslims to be the literal word of God (Allah) as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

Therefore, the correct answer to the question is that the Quran contains 114 chapters.

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Tawaf is the circumambulation of the Ka'bah, and it is an essential ritual during the Hajj pilgrimage.

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The term **Ulul Azim** refers to a group of important and resolute prophets in Islam. The phrase is Arabic, where **"Ulul"** means "possessors" or "owners," and **"Azim"** signifies "steadfastness," "determination," or "resolution." These prophets are distinguished by their exceptional patience, strong will, and their role in conveying major divine messages to guide humanity.

There are **five** prophets identified as **Ulul Azim**. They are:

• Prophet Noah (Nuh) - Recognized for his perseverance in preaching the oneness of God despite the ridicule he faced from his people.
• Prophet Abraham (Ibrahim) - Known for his dedication and belief in monotheism, even when faced with immense challenges including a test involving his son.
• Prophet Moses (Musa) - He led the Israelites out of Egypt and received the commandments on Mount Sinai, significantly shaping the course of religious history.
• Prophet Jesus (Isa) - His teachings and miracles were pivotal, and his message centered around love, forgiveness, and devotion to God.
• Prophet Muhammad - The final prophet in Islam, who conveyed the message of the Quran and established the foundation for the Muslim community.

In summary, the **Ulul Azim** are the **five** prophets known for their strong will, determination, and influential roles in delivering God's messages to humanity.

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Surah Al-Zalzalah, also known as "The Earthquake," is a chapter in the Quran that emphasizes the **Day of Judgement.** This surah illustrates the magnitude and consequences of that day, when the earth will shake violently and reveal all its burdens. On this day, all human actions, regardless of their significance, will be exposed and judged.

The core message of Surah Al-Zalzalah is to remind people about the **inevitability of the Day of Judgement** when everyone will be held accountable for their deeds. This serves as a powerful reminder for individuals to live a righteous life, being conscious of their actions and understanding that everything will be scrutinized on this decisive day.

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Suratul Fattihah, the first chapter of the Qur'an is recited four times during the Asr prayer.

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The twelfth Hadith of the An-Nawawi's collection is centered around the concept of non-interference. This Hadith teaches the importance of focusing on matters that are directly relevant and beneficial to oneself, while avoiding involvement in matters that are not of personal concern or within one's responsibility.

In simpler terms, the teaching encourages people to mind their own business and refrain from unnecessary interference in the affairs of others unless such involvement is warranted or necessary. It underscores the value of being considerate about what one chooses to engage with, promoting personal well-being and social harmony by minimizing unnecessary conflicts and misunderstandings that may arise from undue interference.

By emphasizing non-interference, this Hadith aims to instill a sense of self-discipline in individuals, whereby they focus on improving their own lives and actions rather than being distracted by or meddling in matters that do not pertain to them directly.

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Surah Al-Qariah, also known as "The Calamity," is a chapter in the Quran. It consists of eleven verses. This Surah is part of the thirty-seventh Juz' of the Quran. The chapter primarily emphasizes the significance of the Day of Judgment, highlighting the chaos and distress it will bring. It describes how people's deeds will be weighed, and the impact that will have on their eternal fate. The concise and vivid imagery in this Surah serves to remind individuals of the eventual divine accountability they face, encouraging them to lead a righteous life.

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The preservation of the al-Qur'an is a significant aspect of Islamic tradition and history. Several key processes have been involved in ensuring that it remains unchanged and authentic over centuries. These processes include:

Arrangement: The chapters (known as Surahs) and verses (Ayahs) of the Qur'an were meticulously arranged under the guidance of Prophet Muhammad. The arrangement plays a crucial role in its preservation by maintaining the order that was divinely inspired.

Standardization: Over time, different dialects and readings of the Qur'an began to emerge. To preserve the uniformity and accuracy of the Qur'an's recitation and written form, Caliph Uthman ibn Affan standardized the text. This involved producing a single, unified version of the Qur'an and distributing it to different regions. This step was vital to ensure that all Muslims, regardless of their location, were using the same text.

Compilation: The Qur'an was initially revealed orally and then memorized by the followers of Islam. However, after the passing of the Prophet Muhammad, it was compiled into a written book. The first comprehensive compilation was carried out during the caliphate of Abu Bakr, the first Caliph, under the leadership of Zayd ibn Thabit. This ensured that the oral transmission was accurately reflected in a physical form.

The option that is not part of the preservation of the al-Qur'an is italicization. Italicization is a typographic style that is used in writing to emphasize certain words or passages. While it might be used in modern printing or digital texts to highlight or differentiate certain parts for stylistic purposes, it is not a fundamental element of the traditional or historical process of preserving the Quranic text. The preservation of the Qur'an relies on the accurate transmission, memorization, and reproduction of its content without alterations in its text, including its style. Therefore, italicization does not play a role in its historical preservation.

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In Islamic practice, **"Sand ablution"** is known as Tayammum. Tayammum is an alternative to traditional *Wudu* (ablution) when water is not available or when someone is unable to use water due to health issues. It involves using clean earth, typically sand or dust, to purify oneself before performing prayers.

Here is a simple way to perform Tayammum:

• First, make the intention to perform Tayammum in your heart.
• Find a clean spot of earth, sand, or dust. Place your hands flat on the ground.
• Strike the earth lightly with both your hands.
• Wipe over your entire face with the dust from your hands.
• Then, wipe your right hand with your left hand and your left hand with your right hand.

This act of cleansing symbolizes purity and is an important practice for maintaining cleanliness in Islamic rituals, particularly when traditional methods are not possible.

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The phrase "Iyyaka na'budu wa iyyaka nasta'in" is found in Surat Al-Fatihah. Al-Fatihah is the opening chapter of the Quran, and it holds a special significance in Islamic prayer as it is recited in every unit of the Muslim prayer (Salah).

Al-Fatihah, also referred to as "The Opening," consists of seven verses. The phrase in question means "You alone we worship, and You alone we ask for help", emphasizing the monotheistic worship of and reliance on Allah.

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The chain of narrators of a Hadith is called Isnad. In Islamic tradition, a Hadith refers to the sayings, actions, or approvals of the Prophet Muhammad. To ensure the authenticity of a Hadith, it is essential to have a reliable chain of transmission, known as the Isnad.

The Isnad is essentially a list of individuals who have passed the Hadith from one person to another, ultimately tracing it back to the Prophet Muhammad or his companions. Each person in the chain is referred to as a "narrator."

The authenticity of a Hadith heavily depends on the credibility and reliability of the narrators in the Isnad. Scholars meticulously study the chain to determine whether the narrators were trustworthy and whether they actually met each other and transmitted the information accurately.

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Salatul Istisqa is a special prayer performed by Muslims to ask Allah for rain, especially during times of drought or when there is a severe shortage of water. This prayer is a supplication for relief when there is a need for rainfall. It is not related to other phenomena such as moon eclipse, journeys, or any other events. The community typically gathers in an open area to perform Salatul Istisqa, reflecting their humility and dependence on divine mercy for sustenance and relief from the difficulties caused by scarcity of rain.

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Washing hands up to the elbows is considered a recommended act (sunnah) during ablution.

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Hadith is classified into two main groups:
1. Sahih (authentic): These are Hadith that are considered to be genuine and reliable, meeting the highest standards of authenticity.
2. Daif (weak): These are Hadith that are considered to be less reliable or authentic, due to issues with the chain of narrators or other factors.
However, some scholars also categorize Hadith into additional groups, such as:
- Hasan (good): These are Hadith that are considered to be reliable, but not to the same level as Sahih.
Mawdu' (fabricated): These are Hadith that are considered to be false or fabricated.
Maqlub (reversed): These are Hadith that have been altered or distorted in some way.
But the most common and basic classification is into two groups: Sahih and Daif.

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Iblis is a figure in Islamic theology who is commonly known as a jinn. According to Islamic texts, the jinn, including Iblis, were created from fire. Specifically, it is said that Iblis was created from a smokeless flame of fire. This is distinct from angels, who are believed to be created from light and humans, who were created from clay or dust. Therefore, the correct answer is fire.

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In Islamic tradition, the angel who is in charge of rain is Mika'il, also known as Michael. Mika'il is one of the four archangels in Islam.

Mika'il's responsibilities include the distribution of nourishment to creatures and ensuring that the earth receives water through rainfall, which is essential for sustaining life. He manages the natural world and the sustenance provided by it. This role is vital because rain is crucial for replenishing water supplies, irrigating plants, and maintaining ecological balance.

In summary, Mika'il is recognized in Islamic teachings as the angel who oversees rainfall and natural provisions, thereby playing a critical role in sustaining life on Earth.

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Allahus Samad is translated as "Allah is eternal and absolute".

This phrase is part of Surah Al-Ikhlas from the Qur'an, specifically in verse 2. The term 'Samad' refers to Allah as the being who is independent, self-sufficient, and is not in need of anything from anyone, while everyone else relies on Him for everything. It signifies that Allah is complete, perfect, and the ultimate sustainer for all creation. Unlike any other entity, He neither ages nor experiences death, making Him truly eternal.

Thus, "Allah is eternal and absolute" captures the essence of being timeless and beyond all limitations, qualities that are exclusive to Allah.

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The prayer that consists of three rak'ahs is the Maghrib prayer.

In Islamic tradition, daily prayers are performed at designated times, and each prayer consists of a specific number of rak'ahs (units of prayer).

• Maghrib is performed just after sunset, and it uniquely consists of three rak'ahs.
• The other prayers, such as Isha, consist of four rak'ahs; Subh (Fajr) consists of two rak'ahs; and Asr also has four rak'ahs.

Therefore, among the given options, Maghrib is the only prayer that is uniquely performed with three rak'ahs.

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Laylatul-Qadr is known as the "Night of Power." It holds great significance in Islam and is considered one of the holiest nights. This night is believed to be the time when the first verses of the Qur'an were revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. During this night, which occurs in the last ten days of Ramadan, it is said that blessings and mercy are abundant, sins are forgiven, and prayers are accepted. The night is so special that it is described as better than a thousand months, emphasizing its importance and the great rewards associated with it.

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The word al-Qari'ah, which means "The Calamity," is an important term found in the Quran, particularly in a chapter named after it. This chapter is Chapter 101, also known as Surah al-Qari'ah. In this chapter, the word al-Qari'ah is repeated a total of three times. The repeated mention emphasizes the catastrophic nature of the events described. Thus, the correct answer is three.

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In the context of Islamic tradition, a reporter of Hadith is someone who has collected, compiled, and transmitted the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad. Among the names you listed, three are well-known compilers of Hadith, while one is not.

Ibn Majah was a famous collector of Hadith. His compilation is known as "Sunan Ibn Majah," which is one of the six major Hadith collections in Sunni Islam.

Tirmidh, known as Al-Tirmidhi, is another prominent Hadith compiler. His collection is known as "Jami' at-Tirmidhi," which is also considered one of the six major Hadith books.

Bukhari refers to Imam Al-Bukhari, a revered figure in Islamic tradition. His work, "Sahih Bukhari," is considered one of the most authentic collections of Hadith.

The name that does not fit in the category of Hadith compilers is Ibn Sina. He was a renowned Persian polymath and thinker who made significant contributions to various fields such as medicine, philosophy, and science. Ibn Sina is renowned for works like "The Canon of Medicine," but he is not known for compiling Hadith.

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Eid al-Adha, also known as the "Festival of Sacrifice," is an important Islamic holiday that commemorates the willingness of Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) to sacrifice his son as an act of obedience to God. Eid al-Adha is observed on the tenth day of the Islamic month of Dhul-Hijjah. This month is the final month of the Islamic lunar calendar, and the specific day of Eid al-Adha follows the completion of the Hajj pilgrimage, which takes place on the preceding days.

To ensure clarity, here is a step-by-step explanation:

• Dhul-Hijjah is the twelfth and final month of the Islamic calendar.
• Muslims around the world observe Eid al-Adha on the tenth day of Dhul-Hijjah.
• This day marks the culmination of the Hajj pilgrimage rituals, where a symbolic sacrifice takes place to honor Prophet Ibrahim's devotion.

Therefore, Eid al-Adha is celebrated on the tenth day of Dhul-Hijjah.

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The term "Khulafa 'ul Rashidun" refers to the first four caliphs who led the Muslim community after the death of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). These caliphs are often called the "Rightly Guided Caliphs" because they are viewed as following closely in the footsteps of the Prophet.

Among the names listed:

• Abu Bakr bn Abi Quhafah - He was the first caliph after the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and is the first among the Khulafa 'ul Rashidun.
• Umar bn Al-Khattab - He succeeded Abu Bakr and is the second caliph, though his name is not in the options listed.
• Uthman bn Affan - He was the third caliph and is a part of the Khulafa 'ul Rashidun.
• Ali bn Abi Talib - He was the fourth caliph and is also one of the Khulafa 'ul Rashidun.

The name that does not belong to the group of Khulafa 'ul Rashidun is Mu'awiyah bn Abi Sufyan. Although Mu'awiyah was a significant figure in early Islamic history and later became a caliph, he was not part of the Khulafa 'ul Rashidun, who were the first four caliphs.

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In Islamic tradition, the two angels responsible for recording an individual's deeds are Raqib and Atid. These two angels are often referred to collectively as the "Kiram and Katibin," which means the Honorable Recorders. Their role is to meticulously note down every good and bad deed performed by an individual.

Raqib is stationed on a person's right side and records all the good deeds they perform. In contrast, Atid is positioned on the left side and is responsible for noting any wrongdoings or sins.

This concept emphasizes personal accountability and awareness of one's actions, reminding individuals that their deeds are being observed and recorded for future judgment. It serves as a moral compass, encouraging people to do good and avoid evil. Thus, Raqib and Atid play a significant role in guiding ethical and moral behavior in the Islamic faith.

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The first revelation of the Qur'an is found in Suratul Alaq.

To understand this, let's look at the context: The prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) received the first revelation from Allah through the angel Gabriel while he was meditating in the cave of Hira. This momentous event marked the beginning of his prophethood. The angel Gabriel asked Muhammad to "Read!", but Muhammad replied that he could not read. The angel repeated this command three times before revealing the initial verses to Muhammad.

The specific verses that were revealed during this event are contained in the beginning of Suratul Alaq (Chapter 96 of the Qur’an), which means "The Clot" or "The Clinging Substance." The chapter begins with: "Read in the name of your Lord who created – Created man from a clinging substance..." These verses emphasize the importance of knowledge and the idea of learning in the name of the Almighty.

This event marks the beginning of the dissemination of the Qur'an, which would continue for approximately 23 years.

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The prayer known as Salatul Eidayn refers to the special prayer performed during the two main Islamic festivals: Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. For each of these occasions, the prayer consists of **two raka'ah**. The term "raka'ah" denotes a unit of Islamic prayer, comprised of both physical postures and supplications.

Unlike the standard daily prayers, Salatul Eidayn is unique in its structure and is performed in congregation without the call to prayer (adhan). This prayer involves additional Takbirat, which are pronouncements of "Allahu Akbar" that happen multiple times within the prayer, setting it apart from regular prayers.

In summary, the prayer for each Eid is composed of two raka'ah, during which specific elements and sequences are observed, contributing to its celebratory and communal spirit.

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The individual who attempted to destroy the Ka'abah was Abrahah. Abrahah was a Christian ruler of Yemen during the 6th century who wanted to make his cathedral in Yemen the main place of pilgrimage. To achieve this, he planned to destroy the Ka'abah, which was already a significant religious site for the people of the Arabian Peninsula.

Abrahah led a military expedition, which included elephants, to Mecca with the intent of demolishing the Ka'abah. This historical event is famously known as the "Year of the Elephant." According to Islamic tradition, Allah sent a flock of birds carrying small stones to attack Abrahah's army, ultimately thwarting their plans and protecting the Ka'abah.

This event is mentioned in the Qur'an in Surah Al-Fil (Chapter of the Elephant), highlighting its significance in Islamic history. The defeat of Abrahah's army is considered a miraculous protection of the Ka'abah and serves as a demonstration of divine intervention.

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Suratul Zalzalah, also known as "The Earthquake," primarily stresses the Day of Judgement. This chapter of the Quran vividly describes the significant events and scenes that will occur on this momentous day. It portrays how the earth will shake with a mighty convulsion, and everything hidden in it will be exposed. The chapter reminds believers of the consequences of their actions, as all individuals will witness the deeds they have performed, no matter how small or large. There will be a clear accountability and the splitting of good deeds and bad. The emphasis is to make people aware of the inevitable day where every soul will see the results of what it has put forward. This serves as a powerful reminder of accountability and the transient nature of worldly life.

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The word Talaq means divorce. In Islamic law, it is a formal way for a husband to end a marriage with his wife. The process involves specific verbal declarations and may include conditions for reconciliation. Talaq ensures that both parties have clarity in the dissolution of their marriage. In summary, Talaq is legally recognized as a way of terminating a marriage in Islam.

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Salatul-Tarawih is observed in the month of Ramadan.

Let me explain:

Islamic months have unique significances, and Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, known worldwide as a holy month of fasting, reflection, devotion, and prayer for Muslims. One of the special practices during this month is the performance of Tarawih prayers.

Salatul-Tarawih, or "the Tarawih prayer," is a prayer that is specifically conducted at night during the month of Ramadan. It entails the recitation of parts of the Qur'an and is held after the obligatory Isha (night) prayer. The practice of these prayers during this month holds great importance because it is believed that engaging in spiritual activities during Ramadan brings forth immense rewards and closeness to Allah.

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The Qur'an mentions numerous prophets who were sent by Allah to guide humanity throughout different times and regions. While the exact list can vary based on some interpretations, it is generally accepted that there are **twenty-five prophets** mentioned in the Qur'an. Here are some key points regarding the prophets in the Qur'an:

• Prophets in Islam: Muslims believe that prophets were chosen individuals selected by Allah to convey His message and guide people towards righteous living.
• Purpose of Prophets: These prophets were sent with divine messages to reform society and help people attain a closer connection to the one true God.
• Range of Prophets: The Qur'an includes prophets who were sent to different nations, and their stories illustrate lessons and moral guidance for believers.
• Examples of Prophets: Some of the prophets mentioned in the Qur'an include Adam, Noah (Nuh), Abraham (Ibrahim), Moses (Musa), Jesus (Isa), and Muhammad (the final prophet in Islam), among others.

The prophets serve as exemplars of patience, faithfulness, and perseverance, and their stories are frequently used to provide moral and spiritual lessons to Muslims. Therefore, while the statement "twenty prophets were mentioned in the Qur'an" is not entirely accurate based on most common Islamic teachings, it is clear that only **twenty-five prophets** are identified in the Qur'an.