JAMB UTME - Islamic Religious Studies - 2023

Subhana rabbiyal -A'la faghfir li is recited when the worshipper is at

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The phrase "Subhana rabbiyal -A'la faghfir li" is recited when the worshipper is in the state of sujud. Sujud is a position in the Muslim prayer where the worshipper lowers their forehead and nose to the ground. During sujud, the worshipper shows their complete submission and humility to Allah. By placing their forehead on the ground, they demonstrate their recognition of Allah's greatness and their need for His forgiveness and mercy. The phrase "Subhana rabbiyal -A'la faghfir li" translates to "Glory be to my Lord, the Most High, forgive me." By reciting this phrase, the worshipper acknowledges the greatness of Allah and seeks His forgiveness for any mistakes or sins they have committed. It is important to note that this phrase should be recited silently during sujud, as it is a moment of intimate connection between the worshipper and Allah. It is a personal moment of reflection, seeking forgiveness and seeking closeness to Allah. In summary, the phrase "Subhana rabbiyal -A'la faghfir li" is recited during the position of sujud in the Muslim prayer. It is a humble supplication asking for Allah's forgiveness and acknowledging His greatness.

Marriage relationship fulfils the following functions except

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Marriage is a special and important relationship between two individuals that serves many purposes. However, it is important to note that not all functions of marriage are related to personal or material gain. One of the functions that marriage does not fulfill is a quick means of getting rich.
Marriage provides many important functions, such as sexual satisfaction, the foundation of family life, and security in old age.
Firstly, sexual satisfaction is an essential function of marriage. It allows two individuals to build an intimate physical connection, fostering love and emotional well-being within the relationship.
Secondly, marriage serves as the foundation of family life. It is where couples come together to form a family unit, creating a stable and nurturing environment for children to grow and develop emotionally, socially, and psychologically.
Thirdly, marriage provides security in old age. As couples grow older, they can rely on each other for emotional and financial support. This helps to alleviate concerns about loneliness and financial instability in the later stages of life.
However, marriage is not a quick means of getting rich. While a strong and healthy marriage can provide economic stability, it is not a guaranteed shortcut to amassing wealth. Financial success requires effort, hard work, and smart decision-making, both individually and as a couple.
In conclusion, marriage fulfills important functions such as sexual satisfaction, serving as the foundation of family life, and offering security in old age. However, it should not be viewed as a means of quickly acquiring wealth.

In the science of Hadith, the next Sahih to authenticity is

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In the science of Hadith, the next level of authenticity after Sahih is known as Hasan. Hasan hadith refers to a hadith that is considered sound, but with a slightly lower level of authenticity compared to Sahih. To understand this, let's go through the different levels of hadith authenticity briefly: 1. Sahih: Sahih hadith is the highest level of authenticity. It refers to a hadith that has a solid chain of narrators (isnad) and is free from any significant flaws or defects. Sahih hadiths are considered highly reliable and can be confidently attributed to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). 2. Hasan: Hasan hadith comes after Sahih in terms of authenticity. It refers to a hadith that is sound and reliable, but with a slightly weaker chain of narrators compared to Sahih. It may have a minor defect or weakness in its chain or content, but it does not reach the level of Sahih. 3. Da'if: Da'if hadith refers to a weak hadith. It has a flaw or weakness in its chain of narrators or content, making it less reliable than Sahih and Hasan hadiths. Da'if hadiths are not considered strong evidence and should be treated with caution when deriving rulings or beliefs. 4. Muttasil: Muttasil hadith is a term used to describe a hadith with an unbroken chain of narrators from the Prophet (pbuh) through each generation. It indicates a continuous transmission of the hadith and adds to its authenticity. So, in summary, after Sahih, the next level of authenticity in the science of Hadith is Hasan. While Sahih hadiths are considered the most reliable, Hasan hadiths also hold a strong level of authenticity and can be trusted, although they have a slightly weaker chain or minor defect compared to Sahih hadiths.

Khadijah married Muhammad(S.A.W.) at the age of

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Khadijah married Muhammad (S.A.W.) at the age of 40. This is a well-known fact in Islamic history. Khadijah was a wealthy and successful businesswoman in Makkah, and she was 15 years older than Muhammad (S.A.W.). She proposed to him for marriage, recognizing his noble character and honesty. They had a long and loving marriage, which lasted for about 25 years until Khadijah's passing. Muhammad (S.A.W.) often spoke highly of Khadijah's support and companionship, and she is considered to be one of the most honored and respected women in Islamic history.

The goddesses of the Jahiliyyah Arabs include the following except

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The goddesses of the Jahiliyyah Arabs include al-Lat, al-Manat, and al-Uzzah. However, as-samad is not a goddess of the Jahiliyyah Arabs. As-Samad is one of the names of Allah, mentioned in Surah Al-Ikhlas.

Imam Bukhari is to 870 C.E. as Imam Muslim is to

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Imam Muslim, a prominent scholar of Hadith, was born in 817 CE and died in 875 CE. However, his most significant work, Sahih Muslim, was completed in 888 CE.

A major lesson contained in Hadith 16 of an-Nawawi is

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Hadith 16 of an-Nawawi is about controlling anger. The Hadith says: 'I asked the Messenger of Allah: Who is the best among the people? He replied, 'The one who, when you look at him, you remember Allah.' Then I asked: Then who? He replied, 'The one who does not harm the Muslims with his tongue and hands.' Then I asked: Then who? He replied, 'The one who controls his anger.'

The state into which the pilgrim enters befire the time of Hajj is

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The state into which the pilgrim enters before the time of Hajj is Ihram. Ihram is a sacred state that pilgrims enter into before performing Hajj or Umrah. It is a state of purity and devotion that involves specific rituals and restrictions.
When a pilgrim enters Ihram, they must dress in prescribed clothing, which consists of two unsewn white sheets for men and modest clothing for women. This simple attire symbolizes equality and unity among all pilgrims, regardless of their social status or wealth.
Entering into Ihram involves making intentions and pronouncing the Talbiyyah, which is a declaration of a pilgrim's dedication and intention to perform Hajj or Umrah. The Talbiyyah is recited throughout the pilgrimage as a constant reminder of the purpose and devotion of the pilgrim.
In this state of Ihram, certain restrictions are imposed. Pilgrims must abstain from activities such as cutting hair or nails, using perfumes or scented products, engaging in any form of sexual activity, and arguing or engaging in any form of violence. These restrictions are meant to shift the pilgrim's focus solely on the spiritual journey and to promote a peaceful and harmonious environment among fellow pilgrims.
By entering into Ihram, the pilgrim embraces a state of humbleness, purity, and dedication to their religious obligations. It serves as a reminder of the sacredness and significance of the pilgrimage and helps pilgrims to fully immerse themselves in the spiritual experience of Hajj or Umrah.

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The Qur'an was initially preserved through memory, on leather, and on rocks. Paper was not used for the initial preservation of the Qur'an.

Alaysal-Llahu biahkamil-Hakimin implies that Allahi is the best

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The phrase 'Alaysal-Llahu biahkamil-Hakimin' is from the Quran (95:8) and it translates to 'Is not Allah the most just of judges?'. Therefore, it implies that Allah is the best Judge.

The number of Rakah in the obligatory prayers of Friday is

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Fajr = 2
Jummah = 2
Asr = 4
Magrib = 3
Ishai = 4

Which of the following is not a form of shirk according to the Quran?

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According to the Quran, monotheism is not a form of shirk. Shirk refers to the act of associating partners or idols with Allah, which is considered a grave sin in Islamic belief.
Monotheism, on the other hand, is the belief in and worship of only one God. It is the fundamental concept in Islam, and Muslims are taught to believe in the oneness of God, known as "Tawheed."
The Quran repeatedly emphasizes the importance of monotheism and condemns the act of associating partners with Allah. This concept is summarized in the declaration of faith in Islam, the Shahada, which states, "There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is His messenger."
In contrast to monotheism, atheism is the belief that there is no God or higher power. While atheism does not involve associating partners with Allah, it goes against the central pillar of Islamic belief in the existence of a single God.
Therefore, the correct answer is atheism as it stands in opposition to the belief in the oneness of God and does not involve associating partners with Allah.

Talaq al-Bida'ah takes effect when divorce is pronounced

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Talaq al-Bida'ah is a type of divorce that takes effect when it is pronounced in a specific manner. To understand this, let's break down the conditions: 1. Firstly, the divorce should be pronounced when the wife is still in her marital home. This means that the husband cannot divorce his wife when she is away from their shared residence. 2. Secondly, the divorce should be pronounced when the wife is purified of her menses. In Islamic law, a divorce cannot be validly pronounced during a woman's menstrual cycle. It can only be done when she is in a period of purity. 3. Thirdly, the divorce can be either pronounced verbally or in writing. This means that the husband can say the words of divorce out loud or write them down and communicate it to his wife. 4. Finally, Talaq al-Bida'ah takes effect when the husband pronounces the divorce three times simultaneously. This means that he has to state divorce words such as "I divorce you" three times in one instance. It is important for the husband to utter the divorce words only once, but with the understanding that it counts as three divorces. It is essential to understand that Talaq al-Bida'ah, also known as triple divorce or instant divorce, is considered highly discouraged in Islam. Scholars emphasize the importance of reconciliation and exhausting other means of resolving marital disputes before resorting to this form of divorce.

Which of the following prayers is not observed between Isha and Fajr?

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The prayer that is not observed between Isha and Fajr is the Istisqa prayer.
The Istisqa prayer is a special prayer that is performed to seek rainfall from Allah during times of drought or scarcity of water. It is not specifically tied to any particular time of the day and can be performed at any time when the need for rain arises.
On the other hand, the other three prayers mentioned - Tahajjud, Shafi, and Witr - are all observed between the Isha and Fajr prayers.
Tahajjud is the voluntary night prayer that is performed after the Isha prayer and before the Fajr prayer. It is a recommended prayer that holds immense spiritual benefits and allows individuals to seek closeness to Allah in the tranquility of the night.
Shafi is a voluntary prayer that can be performed after the Isha prayer and before the Witr prayer. It is a Sunnah prayer that is highly recommended, although not obligatory. It is performed in pairs of two units (raka'ahs).
Witr is the final prayer of the day and is performed after the Tahajjud prayer or, if one did not perform Tahajjud, after the Isha prayer. It is a single unit prayer and it is considered highly recommended to perform Witr prayer before going to sleep.
Therefore, the prayer that is not observed between Isha and Fajr is the Istisqa prayer, as it is not specifically tied to any fixed time of the day and can be performed whenever the need arises for seeking rainfall.

According to the Hadith of the Prophet(S.A.W.), learning is obligatory for both the

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According to a Hadith of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.), 'Seeking knowledge is an obligation upon every Muslim, male and female.' Therefore, the correct answer is 'Male and Female'

The following are voluntary fasting except

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Ashura, Qada', Tasu'a, and Sittah Shawwal are all types of voluntary fasting that can be observed by Muslims. However, there is one option among the given choices that does not fall under the category of voluntary fasting.
Ashura is the voluntary fasting observed on the 10th day of Muharram, the first month of the Islamic calendar. It is a recommended fast as it holds significance in Islamic history, such as the day when Prophet Musa (Moses) and the Israelites were saved from Pharaoh. It is not obligatory, but highly recommended.
Qada' refers to making up for any obligatory fast that was missed due to a valid reason, such as illness or travel. In this case, it is not a voluntary fasting, but rather a required act to compensate for the missed fast.
Tasu'a is the voluntary fasting observed on the 9th day of Muharram. It is an optional fast, mostly practiced by Shia Muslims in commemoration of the martyrdom of Imam Hussain, the grandson of Prophet Muhammad, who was killed in the battle of Karbala.
Sittah Shawwal refers to the voluntary fasting observed for six consecutive days in the month of Shawwal, immediately after the conclusion of Ramadan. It is a recommended act and is encouraged as a way to gain more rewards after the compulsory fasting of Ramadan.
Therefore, among the given options, Qada' is the one that does not fall under voluntary fasting. Qada' fasting is a necessary requirement to make up for any missed obligatory fasts, whereas the others are recommended but not obligatory.

Iqra' warabbukal' akram is followed by

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The phrase 'Iqra' warabbukal' akram' is from the first revelation of the Quran to Prophet Muhammad. It is followed by 'Alladhi' alama bil qalam', which translates to 'Who taught by the pen'.

The number of Makkan soldiers that took part in the battle of Uhud was

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In the battle of Uhud, the number of Makkan soldiers who took part was 3000.
The battle of Uhud took place between the Muslims of Medina and the Quraysh tribe from Mecca. The Quraysh tribe brought a large army to attack the Muslims in Medina. The Makkan army consisted of a significant number of soldiers.
To be more specific, there were 3000 Makkan troops who participated in the battle. These soldiers were well-equipped and had a strong desire to defeat the Muslims and regain their dominance in Mecca.
The Muslims, on the other hand, had fewer soldiers compared to the Makkan army. They had around 1000 warriors defending Medina. Despite being outnumbered, the Muslims managed to put up a strong resistance.
During the battle, there were moments when the Muslims had the upper hand, but due to some strategic errors and a lack of discipline in some of the Muslim ranks, the tide turned in favor of the Makkan army.
Overall, the battle of Uhud was a turning point in the early history of Islam. It highlighted the importance of discipline, unity, and strategic planning. It also showed the Muslims the need to learn from their mistakes and work towards improving themselves in the future.

Suratul Fatihah(Q.1:5) admonishes

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Suratul Fatihah (Q.1:5) is the first chapter of the Quran and it emphasizes the worship of Allah alone. The verse says 'You alone we worship, and You alone we ask for help.' Therefore, the correct answer is 'Worship none except Almighty Allah'.

The capital of an ancient Ghana empire was

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The capital of the ancient Ghana empire was Awkar. The Ghana empire existed from the 4th to 13th centuries in West Africa. Awkar was located in present-day Mali, near the Niger River.
Awkar was an important trading city and served as the political and economic center of the Ghana empire. It was strategically situated between the desert region to the north and the forest region to the south, which allowed for easy access to valuable trade resources from both areas.
The wealth and power of the Ghana empire were primarily built on the control of gold and salt trade routes. Gold was abundant in the forest regions to the south, while salt was scarce in the desert regions to the north. The empire's location made it a critical hub for facilitating trade between the two regions.
Awkar became a flourishing city due to its role as a commercial center. It attracted merchants from various parts of Africa and beyond. These merchants brought goods like textiles, spices, and other valuable resources, creating a bustling marketplace in Awkar.
As the capital of the Ghana empire, Awkar was also home to important political and administrative institutions. It was where the king, known as the Ghana, held court and made decisions regarding the empire. The city was likely adorned with beautiful palaces, mosques, and other structures representing the empire's wealth and influence.
In summary, Awkar served as the capital of the ancient Ghana empire. It was a thriving city located in present-day Mali, known for its importance in trade, politics, and administration.

The first Mu'adh-Dhin in Islam is

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The first Mu'adh-Dhin in Islam was Bilal. He holds a significant place in Islamic history as he was chosen by Prophet Muhammad himself to be the one to call the Muslims to prayer. Bilal was known for his beautiful voice and his unwavering faith. He was a former slave who embraced Islam and became one of the Prophet's most trusted companions.
Bilal's selection as the first Mu'adh-Dhin highlights the value and importance Islam places on equality. It shattered the social norms of the time, where a former slave was given such a prestigious role in the community. Prophet Muhammad recognized Bilal's devotion and piety, proving that in Islam, one's worth is not determined by their social status or background, but by their faith and character.
Bilal's call to prayer became an iconic symbol of Islam. His voice echoed through the streets of Madinah, inviting people to worship Allah and reminding them of their obligations as Muslims. The adhan, or call to prayer, continues to be a vital part of Islamic practice worldwide to this day.
In a simple summary, the first Mu'adh-Dhin in Islam was Bilal. He was chosen by Prophet Muhammad for his faith and beautiful voice, regardless of his former slave status. This emphasizes the Islamic principle of equality and showcases the importance of the call to prayer in the religion.

The following are lessons of Hadith 5 of an-Nawawi except

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On the authority of Aishah, who said : The messenger of Allah said: p "He who innovates something in this matter of ours that is not of it will have it rejected."

The type of Ghusl performed by a ew convert to Islam is

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The type of Ghusl performed by a new convert to Islam is Dhukil-al-Islam.
Ghusl is a ritual purification in Islam, which involves washing the entire body in a specific manner. There are multiple types of Ghusl, each performed for different reasons.
Janabah is the type of Ghusl performed after sexual intercourse or ejaculation. Nifas is the type of Ghusl performed by women after childbirth or the termination of pregnancy. Haydah is the type of Ghusl performed by women during menstruation.
However, when a person converts to Islam, they need to perform a special type of Ghusl known as Dhukil-al-Islam. This Ghusl is performed to mark their transition into the Islamic faith. It symbolizes purification from their previous beliefs and practices, and their acceptance and commitment to follow the teachings of Islam.
During Dhukil-al-Islam Ghusl, the convert should wash their entire body with the intention of purifying themselves and embracing their new faith. They should ensure that water reaches every part of their body, from head to toe. It is important to perform this Ghusl with sincerity and reverence, understanding the significance of the journey they are embarking upon.
In summary, when a new convert enters Islam, they should perform the Dhukil-al-Islam Ghusl to purify themselves and signify their commitment to the Islamic faith.

Who among the following played a major role in the transmission of Hadiths?

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A'ishah played a major role in the transmission of Hadiths. A'ishah was one of the wives of the Prophet Muhammad, and she possessed a remarkable memory and knowledge. She had a close relationship with the Prophet, which allowed her to witness and learn directly from him. As a result, she became a prominent source for the collection and transmission of Hadiths, which are the sayings, actions, and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad. A'ishah narrated numerous Hadiths, and her knowledge and expertise in Islamic matters made her a renowned scholar among the companions of the Prophet. Her contributions in preserving and conveying the teachings and traditions of the Prophet have played a crucial role in shaping Islamic scholarship.

Ad-Dhikr is to the Qur'an as Ummul-Kitab is to

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In the Qur'an, there are certain phrases or verses that are given special significance and are repeated frequently. These phrases are known as ad-Dhikr. Ad-Dhikr helps to emphasize and reinforce important concepts in the Qur'an. It serves as a reminder and a way to keep certain teachings and principles fresh in the minds of the believers.
Similarly, in the Qur'an, there is a chapter that is considered to be the essence and summary of the entire book. This chapter is known as Ummul-Kitab, which translates to "the Mother of the Book" or "the Opening". Ummul-Kitab, also known as Al-Fatihah, is the first chapter of the Qur'an and it holds great significance.
So, to answer the question, the relationship between ad-Dhikr and the Qur'an is similar to the relationship between Ummul-Kitab and Al-Fatihah. Ad-Dhikr is a general term referring to various repeated phrases in the Qur'an, while Ummul-Kitab specifically refers to the first chapter, Al-Fatihah, which is considered the summary and essence of the entire Qur'an.
Therefore, the answer is Fatihah.

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He was the first Muslim ruler in West Africa to make the journey to Mecca.

Ijma' as a secondary source of Islamic law implies

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Ijma' as a secondary source of Islamic law refers to the consensus opinion of scholars. It means that when scholars unanimously agree on a particular ruling or interpretation of Islamic law, it becomes a reliable source for deriving legal rulings. This consensus is based on the collective wisdom and knowledge of the scholars who specialize in Islamic jurisprudence. Ijma' provides stability and continuity in interpreting and applying Islamic law as it ensures that the understanding of the religion remains consistent over time. It is considered an essential source because it represents the agreement of experts who have extensively studied and analyzed the Islamic texts and principles. It is important to note that ijma' is not based on the number of scholars who agree, but rather on the agreement of the qualified scholars who possess deep knowledge and expertise in Islamic law. This ensures that the consensus is reliable and reflective of the true spirit and teachings of Islam. Ijma' serves as an established basis for justice because it helps prevent individual interpretations from being imposed on the general Muslim community. It promotes unity and harmony among Muslims by providing a common understanding of the law. Overall, ijma' is a significant secondary source of Islamic law that relies on the consensus opinion of qualified scholars. It helps ensure the stability, consistency, and justice in the interpretation and application of Islamic law. Therefore, it holds a crucial role in shaping the legal framework of Islamic societies.

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The Prophet Muhammad lost his wife Khadijah in the year 619 C.E.

Khadijah was the first wife of Prophet Muhammad and she played a significant role in supporting him in the early years of his prophethood. She was a successful businesswoman and a strong source of emotional and financial support for the Prophet.

In the year 619, which is known as the "Year of Sorrow," both Khadijah and the Prophet's uncle, Abu Talib, passed away. Their deaths were a great loss for the Prophet Muhammad, as they were his main sources of support and protection during that time.

Therefore, the correct answer is 619 C.E.

Lawhul-Mahfudh is associated with Quranic

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Lawhul-Mahfudh is a Quranic term that refers to the Preserved Tablet in Islam. According to Islamic beliefs, the Quran is considered to be the literal word of God, revealed to the Prophet Muhammad through the angel Gabriel over the course of 23 years.
The Lawhul-Mahfudh is seen as a sacred tablet where the entirety of the Quran has been recorded since the beginning of time. It is believed to be an eternal and unchangeable copy of the Quran that exists in the heavenly realm.
The Lawhul-Mahfudh is associated with the Quran in terms of preservation. It signifies that the Quran has been meticulously protected and safeguarded from any alterations or distortions throughout history. The belief is that every word and letter of the Quran has remained unchanged since it was first revealed. This is considered a miraculous aspect of the Quran and demonstrates its authenticity and divinity.
While the options provided also touch on other aspects related to the Quran, such as memorization, compilation, and recitation, the term Lawhul-Mahfudh specifically emphasizes the concept of preservation. It reflects the belief that the Quran is not only a book that was compiled and memorized by early Muslims, but also a divine scripture that has been safeguarded by God Himself.

An Hadith is referred to as da'if because

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An Hadith is referred to as da'if because it has defects in its isnad and matn. The isnad refers to the chain of transmitters, while the matn refers to the content of the Hadith. These defects can include missing or unreliable transmitters, contradictions within the chain of transmitters, or inconsistencies in the content of the Hadith. It is important to note that a da'if Hadith is not always completely unreliable. Sometimes, it may still have some supporting evidence or it may be partially reliable. However, because of the presence of these defects, scholars consider da'if Hadiths to be less reliable compared to other categories of Hadiths. It is always recommended to rely on Hadiths that are classified as sahih or hasan as they are considered to be more authentic and reliable. On the other hand, a fabricated tradition is a completely false Hadith which has been intentionally invented and has no basis in the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). These fabricated Hadiths are not considered reliable at all and should be avoided. In summary, a da'if Hadith is referred to as such because it has defects in its chain of transmitters and its content. While it may still have some supporting evidence, it is considered to be less reliable compared to sahih or hasan Hadiths. Fabricated traditions, on the other hand, are completely false and should not be relied upon.

The reign of Caliph Uthman b. Affan is known for

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The reign of Caliph Uthman b. Affan is known for several key contributions during his time as the Caliph of the Islamic state. One of the notable achievements was **standardization of the Qur'an**. During this time, the Islamic community was expanding rapidly, and there were multiple versions of the Qur'an in different dialects. This led to confusion and inconsistencies in the recitation and interpretation of the holy book. Caliph Uthman took the initiative to establish a standardized version of the Qur'an to ensure uniformity and accuracy in its recitation. To accomplish this, Caliph Uthman appointed a committee of scholars, including prominent companions of the Prophet Muhammad, to compile an official version of the Qur'an. They used the original written materials and the oral traditions passed down from the Prophet. The compiled version, known as the Uthmanic codex, formed the basis for the standardization of the Qur'an that we have today. This standardization had significant implications. It allowed for **consistency in the teachings of Islam** across different regions, ensuring that everyone was reciting and understanding the same message. It also helped in preserving the integrity of the Qur'an, protecting it from any alterations or variations. The standardization of the Qur'an during the reign of Caliph Uthman played a crucial role in the preservation and dissemination of the Islamic faith. It helped establish a solid foundation for the community and ensured the Quranic teachings were accurately conveyed from one generation to another.

Muslims should pay more attention to Hadith 5 of an-Nawawi because it

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It discourages innovation in religion.

The first pledge of Aqabah was signed in

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The first pledge of Aqabah was signed in 621 C.E.
The pledge of Aqabah was a significant event in the early history of Islam. It took place in the city of Aqabah, near Mecca, in the year 621 C.E. This event marked a turning point in the spread of Islam and the relationship between the Muslim community and the people of Medina.
During this pledge, a group of twelve people from the city of Medina, known as the Ansar or supporters, met with the Prophet Muhammad and made a commitment to support and protect him and his followers. This pledge showed their faith in Islam and their willingness to join the growing Muslim community.
The significance of this pledge was that it provided a safe haven for Muslims who were facing persecution in Mecca. It also laid the foundation for the migration of the Prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina, which would later become the capital of the Islamic state.
In summary, the first pledge of Aqabah was signed in the year 621 C.E. It was a crucial event in the history of Islam, signifying the support and protection of the Prophet Muhammad and his followers by the people of Medina. This pledge played a vital role in the expansion and establishment of the Muslim community.

The major teaching of Hadith 5 of an-Nawawi centres on

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Hadith 5 of an-Nawawi teaches us about the importance of intention in our actions. It highlights that our intentions should be pure and sincere when performing any act of worship or obeying Allah.
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "Indeed, actions are judged by intentions, and every person shall have what they intended." This means that our intentions are the foundation of our actions.
Whether it is praying, giving charity, or fasting, our actions will only be accepted by Allah if our intentions are solely for His sake and not for worldly gains or show-off. This hadith reminds us to constantly check and purify our intentions so that our acts of worship become a means of drawing closer to Allah and seeking His pleasure.
In addition, this hadith also emphasizes that our intentions influence the value and reward of our actions. If our intention is to please Allah and seek His reward, our actions will be considered as acts of worship. On the other hand, if our intention is driven by worldly desires or to impress others, our actions may not have any spiritual value.
Therefore, this hadith reminds us to reflect on our intentions and ensure that they align with the teachings of Islam. By having sincere intentions, we can transform our everyday actions into acts of worship, strengthen our faith, and avoid any innovations or deviations in our religious practices.

"La Taghdab" in Hadith 16 means

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In Hadith 16, "La Taghdab" means "do not get angry". It is an Arabic phrase that carries a simple and important message in Islam. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) advised his followers to control their anger and not let it overcome them. Anger is a natural human emotion, but it can often lead to negative consequences and harm both to oneself and others. Getting angry can cloud our judgment, lead us to say hurtful words, and may even result in physical aggression. Therefore, Islam encourages individuals to restrain their anger and respond to difficult situations with patience and understanding. This teaching of "La Taghdab" reminds us to be mindful of our emotions, to avoid reacting impulsively when we feel angry. Instead, we should take a step back, reflect on the situation, and respond in a calm and respectful manner. By doing so, we can maintain harmony in our relationships, contribute to a peaceful society, and earn the pleasure of Allah. It is important to note that anger itself is not condemned in Islam. There are times when anger can be justified, such as when witnessing injustice or oppression. However, even in such cases, Islam advises individuals to channel their anger in a constructive and productive way, seeking to rectify the situation without causing harm. In summary, "La Taghdab" means "do not get angry" in the context of Hadith 16. It serves as a reminder to Muslims to control their anger, respond to challenging situations with patience, and strive for peace and harmony in their interactions with others.

One of the issues discussed in Hadith 18 of an-Nawawi is about

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Have taqwa (fear) of Allah wherever you may be, and follow up a bad deed with a good deed which will wipe it out, and behave well towards the people. It was related by at-Tirmidhi, who said it was a hasan (good) hadeeth, and in some copies it is stated to be a hasan saheeh hadeeth.

Which of the following is an exclusive obligation of the husband?

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An exclusive obligation of the husband is **provision of shelter**. This means that it is the husband's responsibility to provide a home or a place of residence for the family.
Provision of shelter refers to the husband's duty to ensure that his family has a safe and suitable place to live. This includes finding and paying for a house or apartment, arranging for necessary maintenance and repairs, and making sure that the living conditions are comfortable for his spouse and children.
While other options such as **domestic support, provision of job, and counselling** are important roles that a husband can undertake, they are not exclusive obligations. Both spouses should contribute to domestic support and household chores, with the husband sharing responsibilities for cooking, cleaning, and taking care of the children.
Similarly, providing a job is not exclusively the husband's responsibility. Both spouses can work and contribute financially to the family's financial wellbeing and stability.
Counselling can also be a shared responsibility, as both husband and wife should support and guide each other emotionally.
In conclusion, of the options provided, the exclusive obligation of the husband is to ensure the provision of shelter for his family.

Maliki yawmid-Din is translated as

Bayanin Amsa

Maliki yawmid-Din is translated as "the King of the Day of Judgement". This phrase is part of the opening chapter of the Quran, known as Surah Al-Fatihah. It is recited in every unit of the Muslim prayer. In this phrase, "Maliki yawmid-Din", the word "Malik" means "king" or "sovereign". It refers to Allah, the one and only God, as the ultimate ruler who holds complete authority and power over everything that exists. The phrase "yawm al-Din" translates to "the Day of Judgement". It refers to a future day when everyone will be held accountable for their actions in this world. It is the day when people will be rewarded or punished based on their deeds. Putting it all together, "Maliki yawmid-Din" means that Allah is the supreme King who possesses complete authority and control over the Day of Judgement. It emphasizes the concept of divine justice, where Allah will judge everyone fairly and impartially based on their actions on that final day. Overall, this phrase acknowledges Allah's sovereignty and reminds believers of their ultimate accountability and the significance of the Day of Judgement.

A rak'ah in salat starts with

Bayanin Amsa

A rak'ah in salat starts with Takbiratul Ihram. Takbiratul Ihram is the opening takbir (saying "Allahu Akbar") that marks the beginning of the prayer. It is the first act performed in each rak'ah of the prayer.
When we begin our prayer, we raise our hands up to our ears and say "Allahu Akbar" to enter into the state of prayer. This is called Takbiratul Ihram. It signifies the transition from our daily activities to focusing our minds and hearts on worshipping Allah.
By saying "Allahu Akbar" and raising our hands, we are expressing our belief in the greatness of Allah and our intention to dedicate this time purely for His worship.
After saying the Takbiratul Ihram, we proceed to the next actions in the salat, such as Qiyam bi Itidal (standing upright), Sujud (prostration), and Ruku (bowing). But it is the Takbiratul Ihram that marks the beginning of the rak'ah.
So, in summary, a rak'ah in salat starts with the Takbiratul Ihram, which is the opening takbir that signifies the beginning of the prayer and our transition into the state of worship.

The admonition of the last part of Hadith 18 of an-Nawawi is

Bayanin Amsa

Have taqwa (fear) of Allah wherever you may be, and follow up a bad deed with a good deed which will wipe it out, and behave well towards the people.