JAMB UTME - Biology - 2018

At which stage in this cycle can a man be infected?

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In the animal's intestine, the oncospheres hatch, invade the intestinal wall, and migrate to the striated muscles, where they develop into cysticerci. A cysticercus can survive for several years in the animal. Humans become infected by ingesting raw or undercooked infected meat.

Red blood cells were found to have burst open after being placed in distill for an hour. This phenomenon is known as

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The phenomenon you're referring to is called haemolysis. Haemolysis is the bursting of red blood cells when they are placed in a solution that is different from their normal environment. When red blood cells are placed in distilled water, the water moves into the cells and causes them to expand and eventually burst, resulting in haemolysis. This occurs because the concentration of solutes (e.g. salts, sugars) is higher inside the red blood cells than in the distilled water, causing water to move into the cells and causing them to burst. In simple terms, haemolysis is the bursting of red blood cells due to a change in the solution they are in.

A plant tissue that carries water and mineral salt is

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The plant tissue that carries water and mineral salts from the roots to other parts of the plant is called xylem. Xylem is like a pipeline that runs throughout the plant and is responsible for transporting water and dissolved nutrients from the roots to the leaves and other parts of the plant. This tissue is made up of specialized cells called tracheids and vessel elements that are arranged end to end to form long, hollow tubes. These tubes allow water to flow through them with minimal resistance, and the water is pulled up through the xylem by a process called transpiration. In summary, xylem is the tissue responsible for carrying water and mineral salts from the roots to the rest of the plant, and it does so through a network of specialized cells that form long, hollow tubes.

Use the diagram to answer the question. The diagram shows that the organisms are

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Examples of micronutrients include the following except

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The essential elements can be divided into macronutrients and micronutrients. Nutrients that plants require in larger amounts are called macronutrients. About half of the essential elements are considered macronutrients: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur.

A group of organism of the same species living together in a particular area is described as

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The term that describes a group of organisms of the same species living together in a particular area is "population". A population refers to all the individuals of a particular species that live in a specific geographic area and can interbreed. For example, a population of deer in a forest or a population of fish in a river. On the other hand, a "colony" typically refers to a group of organisms of the same species living closely together, but it usually implies a degree of cooperation and organization beyond what is typically seen in a population. A "community" refers to all the different populations of organisms living together in a particular area and interacting with each other, such as a community of plants, animals, and microbes in a forest. Lastly, a "niche" refers to the particular role and position that a species has in its environment, including the resources it uses and the interactions it has with other species.

Use the diagram to answer the question. The breeding posture illustrated in the diagram is known as

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The breeding posture illustrated in the diagram is known as "amplexus". Amplexus is a mating behavior displayed by many amphibians, in which the male grasps the female with his front legs from behind and holds her in position during mating. This position helps the male to fertilize the eggs as they are laid by the female. Amplexus can be further classified into two types: axillary amplexus, in which the male grasps the female's body just behind the front legs, and inguinal amplexus, in which the male grasps the female's body in the pelvic region. This behavior is critical for the reproduction of many amphibian species, and without it, successful fertilization of the eggs would be less likely to occur.

The function of pith in plant is

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Pith, or medulla, is a tissue in the stems of vascular plants. Pith is composed of soft, spongy parenchyma cells, which store and transport nutrients throughout the plant. In eudicots, pith is located in the center of the stem. In monocots, it extends also into flowering stems and roots.

DNA in eukaryotic cells is contained in the

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DNA in eukaryotic cells is contained in the nucleus. The nucleus is a membrane-bound structure found in eukaryotic cells that acts as the "brain" of the cell, controlling and regulating all of its functions. It is also where the cell's DNA is stored and protected, in a substance called chromatin. The DNA in the chromatin is organized into long structures called chromosomes, which are visible during cell division. In short, the nucleus is the place where the DNA of a eukaryotic cell is located and it plays a vital role in the functioning of the cell.

Spectacles with convex lenses correct long-sightedness by

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Spectacles with convex lenses correct long-sightedness by converging the light rays before they enter the eye. In long-sightedness, also known as hyperopia, the eyeball is too short, which causes light to focus behind the retina instead of directly on it. This results in blurry vision, especially when looking at close objects. Convex lenses are thicker in the middle and thinner at the edges, and they bend light rays towards each other. When a person with long-sightedness wears spectacles with convex lenses, the lenses converge the light rays before they enter the eye, which compensates for the shortness of the eyeball. This causes the light rays to focus directly on the retina, which results in clearer vision. Therefore, by converging the light rays before they enter the eye, convex lenses correct long-sightedness.

An animal which is active during the day is known as a

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An animal that is active during the day is known as a diurnal animal. This means that it is awake and active during the daytime hours, when the sun is shining, and typically sleeps or rests during the night. Diurnal animals have evolved to take advantage of the sunlight and are often adapted to see well in bright light. Examples of diurnal animals include humans, birds, squirrels, and many species of primates.

Which of the following structures is not a skeletal material?

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Bone is the substance that forms the skeleton of the body. It is composed chiefly of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Chitin is a major constituent of the exoskeleton, or external skeleton, of many arthropods such as insects, spiders, and crustaceans. The main structural components of our bodies are bone, muscle, and cartilage. Bones are rigid, while muscles bend, stretch, and are flexible. Cartilage connective tissue is the perfect halfway point between these other tissues. It is not as rigid or as hard as bone, and it is also less flexible than muscle. Therefore, we find cartilage in places where we need some support and structure, but a bit of flexibility as well. This includes places such as our joints, our ears, and our nose, as well as in between the vertebrae in our spinal column.

Maltose is combination of glucose and

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Maltose is a disaccharide, which means it is made up of two simple sugar molecules. Specifically, maltose is made up of two glucose molecules that are joined together by a type of bond called a glycosidic bond. Glucose is a monosaccharide, which means it is a simple sugar that cannot be broken down into any simpler sugars. Maltose is formed when two glucose molecules are linked together by a glycosidic bond. This bond is formed by the removal of a molecule of water between the two glucose molecules. The resulting molecule of maltose is therefore a combination of two glucose molecules. Sucrose, on the other hand, is a different type of disaccharide that is made up of one glucose molecule and one fructose molecule, while galactose is a monosaccharide that can combine with glucose to form lactose, a disaccharide found in milk. So to summarize, maltose is a disaccharide made up of two glucose molecules that are linked together by a glycosidic bond. It is not made up of fructose, sucrose, or galactose.

Study the diagram of a food chain shown and use it to answer the question.

P ---> Q ---> R ---> S ---> T

The organism designated P in the food chain above is normally sustained by energy from

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The organism designated P in the food chain is normally sustained by energy from the sun. This is because P is likely at the bottom of the food chain, which means it is a primary producer. Primary producers, such as green plants, use energy from the sun to produce their own food through photosynthesis. This food is then consumed by the next organism in the food chain, which is Q. The energy then passes from one organism to the next, all the way up the food chain to the top predator. Therefore, in this food chain, P is likely a green plant or another type of primary producer that uses energy from the sun to produce its own food, making sunlight the source of energy for P.

Which of the following is a mixed gland?

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A mixed gland is a gland that is both exocrine and endocrine, for example, the pancreas. Pancreas is known as a mixed gland because it performs functions of both exocrine and endocrine glands.

The hygrometer is used for measuring

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A hygrometer is an instrument used to measure the amount of humidity and water vapor in the atmosphere, in soil, or in confined spaces. Humidity measurement instruments usually rely on measurements of some other quantity such as temperature, pressure, mass, a mechanical or electrical change in a substance as moisture is absorbed. By calibration and calculation, these measured quantities can lead to a measurement of humidity.

The damage to ozone layer is caused by

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Ozone sits in the upper atmosphere and absorbs ultraviolet radiaton, another type of solar energy that's harmful to humans, animals and plants. CFCs and halons cause chemical reactions that break down ozone molecules, reducing ozone's ultraviolet radiation-absorbing capacity. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogenated ozone depleting substances (ODS) are mainly responsible for man-made chemical ozone depletion.

The energy released by 1 gram of glucose is

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The energy released by 1 gram of glucose is about 4 kcal. To put it simply, when our bodies break down glucose, a type of sugar that is a source of energy, it releases energy that we can use. This energy is measured in units of calories, and 1 kilocalorie (kcal) is equivalent to 1,000 calories. So, when 1 gram of glucose is broken down, it releases approximately 4 kcal of energy.

Name the blood cells in which nucleus is absent

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Like red cells, platelets (thrombocytes) have no nucleus. However, unlike red cells that originate in the marrow as nucleated cells and lose their nucleus, platelets are produced by budding off from a giant multinucleated marrow cell called a megakaryocyte.

Tikka disease is related with the crop

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Tikka disease is not related to the crop of Groundnut, Mustard, or Paddy. Tikka disease, also known as Ascochyta blight, is a fungal disease that affects various plants, including beans, chickpeas, and lentils. The disease is caused by a fungus called Ascochyta and can result in small, circular spots on leaves, stems, and pods of infected plants. These spots can be gray, brown, or black, and may have a dark border. In summary, Tikka disease is not related to the crops of Groundnut, Mustard, or Paddy. It affects plants such as beans, chickpeas, and lentils, and is caused by a fungus called Ascochyta.

The reason why the flow of blood through the capillaries is very slow is

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The rate, or velocity, of blood flow varies inversely with the total cross-sectional area of the blood vessels. As the total cross-sectional area of the vessels increases, the velocity of flow decreases. Blood flow is slowest in the capillaries, which allows time for exchange of gases and nutrients. Flow is slowest in the capillaries because of their larger cross-sectional area and narrow diameter.

The vessel carrying oxygenated blood to the tissues is

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The vessel carrying oxygenated blood to the tissues is called an artery. Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart, and they have thick, muscular walls that can withstand the high pressure of blood being pumped by the heart. The oxygenated blood that is pumped out of the left ventricle of the heart into the aorta is then distributed throughout the body via the network of arteries. Arteries branch into smaller vessels called arterioles and then into even smaller vessels called capillaries, where oxygen and nutrients are delivered to the body's tissues. So, arteries play a crucial role in ensuring that oxygenated blood is delivered to the body's tissues to support their proper functioning.

An example of a radially symmetrical organisms is

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An example of a radially symmetrical organism is Hydra. Radial symmetry means that an organism has a circular shape and its body parts are arranged around a central axis, like the spokes on a wheel. Hydra is a small, freshwater animal that has a cylindrical body and tentacles that radiate out from its central axis. This type of symmetry allows Hydra to detect and capture prey from all directions. Planaria are also radially symmetrical flatworms, while tapeworms and roundworms are examples of organisms with bilateral symmetry, meaning that they have a distinct front and back and a left and right side.

The gland that is present close to Trachea

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The gland that is present close to the trachea is the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck, just below the Adam's apple and above the collarbone. It wraps around the front of the trachea, which is the tube that carries air to the lungs. The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate many important functions in the body, including metabolism, growth, and development. When the thyroid gland is not working properly, it can cause a variety of health problems, including weight gain or loss, fatigue, and mood changes.

Which of the following diseases is not hereditary?

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Scabies is the disease that is not hereditary. Scabies is a skin infestation caused by a tiny mite called Sarcoptes scabiei. It spreads through direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected person. Scabies is not a genetic disorder and does not pass down from parent to child through genes. It is caused by a microscopic organism that can infect anyone who comes into contact with it. On the other hand, Albinism, Haemophilia, and Color blindness are all hereditary diseases. Albinism is a genetic condition that affects the production of melanin, resulting in little or no pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes. Haemophilia is a genetic disorder that affects the blood's ability to clot properly. Color blindness is a genetic condition that affects the ability to distinguish between different colors. In summary, while Scabies is caused by a tiny mite and is not hereditary, Albinism, Haemophilia, and Color blindness are all genetic conditions that are inherited from one's parents.

Which of the following animals is cold blooded?

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Reptiles are cold-blooded animals. This means that they cannot produce heat in their own bodies, and have to rely on their surroundings to keep warm. This is why most reptiles are found in hot or warm climates. Reptiles like snakes and lizards are this type of animal. Amphibians like frogs, toads, and salamanders are, too. Fish are also cold-blooded animals.

Physiological adaptation to very dry conditions in animal demonstrates

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Aestivation is a state of animal dormancy, similar to hibernation, although taking place in the summer rather than the winter. Aestivation is characterized by inactivity and a lowered metabolic rate, that is entered in response to high temperatures and arid conditions.

A group of closely related organisms capable of interbreeding to produce the fertile offspring are known as members of a

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The correct answer is "species". Species are a group of living organisms that share common characteristics and can interbreed to produce fertile offspring. This means that members of the same species can mate and produce offspring that can themselves reproduce, while organisms from different species cannot produce fertile offspring together. For example, dogs can breed with other dogs to produce fertile puppies, but they cannot breed with cats to produce offspring that can reproduce. Therefore, dogs and cats belong to different species.

Cytokinesis of mitosis is a process that ensures that

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Cytokinesis is the final stage of mitosis, the process by which a cell divides to form two identical daughter cells. During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm of the original cell is divided into two parts, with each part containing a complete set of genetic material (chromosomes). The main purpose of cytokinesis is to ensure that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic material and the necessary organelles to function properly. This is important because if one daughter cell received more genetic material or more organelles than the other, it could lead to problems such as cell death or mutations. Therefore, "each daughter cell gets the necessary organelles" is the correct label to associate with the question above. While the other options may be important aspects of mitosis, they do not directly relate to the role of cytokinesis in ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete and functional set of genetic material and organelles.

Mineral salts can be absorbed into roots by

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In plants and animals, mineral absorption, also called mineral uptake is the way in which minerals enter the cellular material, typically following the same pathway as water. In plants, the entrance portal for mineral uptake is usually through the roots by a process of diffusion and active transport.

The temporary union of two organisms and the exchange of micronuclear elements is called

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The temporary union of two organisms and the exchange of micronuclear elements is called "conjugation". Conjugation is a process of sexual reproduction in some single-celled organisms, such as certain bacteria and protozoa. During conjugation, two organisms come together and form a temporary union. They exchange genetic material through a small opening that forms between them, allowing the exchange of micronuclear elements, such as DNA. The exchanged micronuclear elements contain genetic information that can be used to produce new offspring with different genetic traits from the parent organisms. This allows for increased genetic diversity within a population, which can be important for adaptation and evolution. In summary, conjugation is a process of temporary union and genetic exchange between two organisms, which can lead to increased genetic diversity within a population.

Swollen, bleeding gums are another common sign of which vitamin?

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The vitamin that is commonly associated with swollen, bleeding gums is Vitamin C. Vitamin C is an essential nutrient that helps in the formation of collagen, which is an important component of connective tissues like gums. Without enough Vitamin C, the collagen fibers in gums can weaken and break down, leading to inflammation, bleeding, and even tooth loss. In addition, Vitamin C has antioxidant properties that can help to protect the gums from damage caused by harmful free radicals. Therefore, a diet deficient in Vitamin C can cause gums to become swollen, inflamed, and bleed easily. Consuming sufficient amounts of Vitamin C can help to prevent and treat these symptoms, which is why it is important to include Vitamin C-rich foods in your diet, such as citrus fruits, berries, kiwi, broccoli, and peppers, among others.

Which of the following organisms is a primary consumer?

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A primary consumer is an organism that feeds on primary producers. Primary consumers are usually herbivores that feed on autotrophic plants, which produce their own food through photosynthesis.

The graph below shows the results of a laboratory investigation which measured the body temperatures of a lizard and a bird under changing artificial conditions. Use it to answer the question.

Which of the statements below is valid?

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Total salt content in blood is about

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The total salt content in blood is about 0.85 to 0.9%. Salt, which is also known as sodium chloride, is an essential mineral that is necessary for many bodily functions such as maintaining fluid balance, transmitting nerve impulses, and contracting muscles. However, too much salt in the blood can lead to health problems like high blood pressure, so it's important to maintain a proper balance. The normal range for salt content in the blood is typically around 0.9%, which is equivalent to 9 grams of salt per liter of blood.

The part of the ear which contains nerve cells sensitive to sound vibrations is the

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The part of the ear which contains nerve cells sensitive to sound vibrations is the cochlea. The cochlea is a small, spiral-shaped structure in the inner ear. It is responsible for translating sound waves into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain. The cochlea contains tiny hair cells that are responsible for detecting sound vibrations. These hair cells are arranged along the length of the cochlea and are stimulated by different frequencies of sound. When sound waves enter the ear, they cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the three small bones in the middle ear, including the malleus. The malleus transmits the vibrations to the inner ear, where they are picked up by the hair cells in the cochlea. The hair cells then convert the vibrations into electrical signals that are transmitted to the brain via the auditory nerve, allowing us to hear and interpret sounds. In summary, the cochlea is the part of the ear that contains nerve cells sensitive to sound vibrations. The hair cells within the cochlea are responsible for detecting sound waves and translating them into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain.

The role of scolex in tapeworm is to

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An adult tapeworm consists of a knoblike head, or scolex, equipped with hooks for attaching to the intestinal wall of the host (which may be a human), a neck region, and a series of flat, rectangular body segments, or proglottids, generated by the neck. Scolex is used for attachment to the intestinal wall.

An organism which exhibit extracellular digestion is

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Extracellular digestion is a process in which saprobionts feed by secreting enzymes through the cell membrane onto the food. During extracellular digestion, food is broken down outside the cell either mechanically or with acid by special molecules called enzymes.

Which of the following features is not a characteristic of arteries? Arteries

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The arteries are the blood vessels that deliver oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the tissues of the body. Each artery is a muscular tube lined by smooth tissue and has three layers: The intima, the inner layer lined by a smooth tissue called endothelium. Arteries have smaller lumens than veins, a characteristic that helps to maintain the pressure of blood moving through the system. They carry blood away from the heart. Pulmonary arteries transport blood that has a low oxygen content from the right ventricle to the lungs. Arteries do not possess valves at intervals throughout their length

The yellowish colored liquid component of blood that normally holds the blood cells in suspension is

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Blood plasma is a yellowish liquid component of blood that normally holds the blood cells in whole blood in suspension. In other words, it is the liquid part of the blood that carries cells and proteins throughout the body. It makes up about 55% of the body's total blood volume.