JAMB UTME - Islamic Religious Studies - 2021

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Pilgrims combine Maghrib and Isha prayers in Muzdalifah. Muzdalifah is a plain east of Mina and west of Arafat in Saudi Arabia. It is a significant location for pilgrims who are performing Hajj, the annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca. As part of the Hajj rituals, pilgrims are required to spend a night at Muzdalifah after performing the standing (wuquf) at Arafat. In Muzdalifah, they combine Maghrib and Isha prayers by praying them together at the time of Isha, with a single Adhan and two separate Iqamahs. This is based on the practice of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), who combined these two prayers during his pilgrimage. The combination of these two prayers is an exception made for pilgrims during Hajj and is not a regular practice in daily prayers. In summary, pilgrims combine Maghrib and Isha prayers in Muzdalifah during the Hajj pilgrimage. This is based on the practice of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and is an exception made for pilgrims during Hajj.

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Kalimatus-shahadah, also known as the declaration of faith, is the key to enter Islam. It is the statement that affirms the oneness of Allah (God) and the prophethood of Muhammad (SAW). The statement is, "There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah." By reciting this statement with sincerity and conviction, a person becomes a Muslim. The Kalimatus-shahadah is the first pillar of Islam and is considered the most important testimony of faith in the religion. It serves as the foundation of all other practices and beliefs in Islam. By declaring the oneness of Allah and the prophethood of Muhammad, a Muslim acknowledges the authority of Allah and accepts the guidance of His Prophet. In summary, Kalimatus-shahadah is the declaration of faith that affirms the oneness of Allah and the prophethood of Muhammad. By reciting this statement, a person enters the religion of Islam and acknowledges the authority of Allah and the guidance of His Prophet.

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Hadith No. 2 of al-Nawawi's collection was transmitted by Bukhari and Muslim. Both Bukhari and Muslim are well-known hadith scholars and their collections are considered among the most authentic hadith collections in Islam. They meticulously collected and verified hadiths through a rigorous process of authentication, ensuring the reliability and authenticity of the hadiths they included in their collections.

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Taharah simply means purification. Taharah is an Arabic word that refers to the concept of purification in Islam. This includes physical, spiritual, and moral purification. In Islamic practice, taharah is considered to be a fundamental aspect of worship and is required before performing certain acts of worship, such as prayer. This can involve washing the hands, mouth, nose, face, arms, head, and feet, as well as performing full-body ablutions. The purpose of taharah is to cleanse the body and mind and to prepare for the act of worship, demonstrating one's devotion and submission to God.

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The fasting of Tasu'a and Ashura are observed in the month of Muharram. Muharram is the first month of the Islamic calendar and is considered one of the four sacred months. The tenth day of Muharram is known as the Day of Ashura, which is a significant day for Muslims. Tasu'a is the ninth day of Muharram, which is a day of mourning for some Muslims in commemoration of the death of Prophet Muhammad's grandson, Imam Hussein. Some Muslims observe a voluntary fast on this day as a sign of respect and mourning. Ashura is the tenth day of Muharram, which is a more significant day of remembrance for Muslims. It is the day on which Prophet Moses fasted in gratitude to God for saving the Israelites from the Pharaoh, and it is also the day on which Imam Hussein and his companions were martyred. Some Muslims fast on this day as a sign of gratitude and remembrance. In summary, the fasting of Tasu'a and Ashura are observed in the month of Muharram, which is the first month of the Islamic calendar and is a significant month for Muslims.

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Hadith refers to the sayings, actions, and silent approvals of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW). Hadith is an important source of Islamic jurisprudence and provides guidance to Muslims on various aspects of life, including worship, ethics, and social conduct. The authenticity and reliability of hadith are established through a rigorous process of verification and grading, with the most reliable and authentic hadith being classified as sahih (sound).

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In the Qur'an 109, Allah (SWT) says: I do not worship that which you worship. This verse is part of Surat al-Kafirun, which is a chapter of the Qur'an that addresses the idea of monotheism and the rejection of false gods and idol worship. In this verse, Allah is declaring that He does not worship the false gods and idols that others may worship. This declaration underscores the importance of monotheism in Islam and the belief in the oneness of God. The message of this verse is that Allah is the only true deity and that all other forms of worship are false and misguided.

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A person who joins the Imam before rising from the ruku' has gotten that raka'ah. In congregational prayer, if a person joins the Imam while he is in the ruku' (bowing position), then he should say the takbir and perform the ruku' with the Imam. After that, he should say "Sami'allahu liman hamidah" and stand up to join the Imam in the next raka'ah. In this case, the person has joined the prayer with the Imam before rising from the ruku' and he has gotten that raka'ah. However, if the person joins the Imam after the Imam has risen from the ruku', then he has missed that raka'ah and needs to complete it after the Imam has finished the prayer. The person should not join the Imam at all if the Imam has already said the taslim (salam) to end the prayer. And there is no such thing as Sujudul Badi in Islamic prayer.

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Ghusl after the stoppage of menstrual blood is called "Ghusl al-Hayd." "Hayd" refers to menstrual blood. "Ghusl" is an Arabic word for full-body ritual washing, which is a requirement in Islamic hygiene. The purpose of Ghusl al-Hayd is to purify the body after menstruation. The other terms you mentioned, "Janabah," "Janazah," and "Mayyit," refer to different concepts in Islamic practice. "Janabah" refers to a state of ritual impurity that occurs after sexual intercourse or ejaculation. "Janazah" refers to a funeral prayer and the rituals that accompany it. "Mayyit" means "dead person." So, "Ghusl al-Hayd" is specifically related to the purification after menstrual blood, and not related to these other concepts.

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Hadith "Actions shall be judged according to intentions" is Hadith one (1) of al-Nawawi's collections.

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The compilation of al-Quran was primarily due to the death of the memorizers. During the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad (SAW), the revelations were written down on various materials by different companions. However, the final and authoritative copy of the Quran was compiled during the caliphate of Abu Bakr, shortly after the death of Prophet Muhammad (SAW). Many of the companions who had memorized the Quran had died during battles and wars, and there was a growing concern that the Quran might be lost if it was not compiled in a single volume. Therefore, under the leadership of Abu Bakr, a committee was formed to collect and compile the revelations into a single book, which is now known as the Quran. Thus, the death of the memorizers is the main factor responsible for the compilation of the Quran.

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Fornication attracts 100 lashes. Fornication refers to engaging in sexual intercourse outside of marriage, which is considered a major sin in Islam. The punishment for this sin, according to Islamic law, is 100 lashes. This punishment is intended to be a deterrent and a means of purifying the offender from the sin they have committed. It is important to note that Islamic law requires strict evidence and a fair trial before any punishment is carried out, and the punishment itself should not cause harm to the offender's health or well-being.

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Hadith No. 2 of al-Nawawi's collections does not include the lesson of al-Sa'ah. The Hadith, narrated by Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA), states that the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) said, "Actions are judged by their intentions, so each man will have what he intended. Thus, he whose migration was to Allah and His Messenger, his migration is to Allah and His Messenger; but he whose migration was for some worldly thing he might gain, or for a wife he might marry, his migration is to that for which he migrated." The Hadith teaches the lesson of al-Ihsan, which means doing good or performing actions with excellence and sincerity for the sake of Allah. It also emphasizes the importance of intention in determining the reward or punishment of one's actions. Furthermore, it highlights the concept of al-Hijra (migration) and its significance in Islam, as well as the different motives behind people's actions. However, the Hadith does not mention the lesson of al-Sa'ah, which refers to the Day of Judgment or the Hour of Resurrection. Therefore, we can conclude that the lessons of Hadith No. 2 of al-Nawawi's collections include al-Ihsan, al-Imam, and al-Islam, but not al-Sa'ah.

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The Diwan is not among the revealed books. The Diwan is a collection of poems or literary works, and it is not a religious scripture. The other options, including the Injil (Gospel), Qur'an, and Tawrah (Torah), are considered revealed books in Islam. The Injil is the Gospel that was revealed to Prophet Isa (Jesus), the Qur'an is the final revelation to Prophet Muhammad, and the Tawrah is the first of the revealed books, which was given to Prophet Musa (Moses).

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According to Islamic belief, Jinns were created out of fire. They are supernatural beings that are mentioned in the Quran and believed to be created by Allah. The word "Jinn" is derived from an Arabic word that means "to hide" or "to conceal". It is believed that they have free will and can be good or evil. They are invisible to humans but have the ability to see humans and interact with them.

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According to Hadith No. 23 of al-Nawawi's collections, cleanliness is said to be half of faith. This means that maintaining cleanliness and hygiene is extremely important in Islam and is considered to be a fundamental aspect of one's faith. It is believed that cleanliness is not only important for physical well-being but also for spiritual purity. Therefore, Muslims are encouraged to keep themselves and their surroundings clean and tidy, as it is a reflection of their faith and a way to show gratitude to Allah for the blessings of health and hygiene.

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Fulfillment of promises in Islam is considered a compulsory and integral part of one's faith and character. Keeping promises is not only a moral obligation but also a religious duty for Muslims. The Prophet Muhammad (SAW) emphasized the importance of keeping one's word and fulfilling promises in various sayings and actions. In Islam, breaking a promise is considered a sin and a sign of dishonesty and untrustworthiness. It damages one's credibility and reputation, and it may cause harm to others. Therefore, Muslims are encouraged to be truthful and trustworthy and to fulfill their promises to the best of their ability. On the other hand, making promises that cannot be fulfilled or promising something with the intention of not fulfilling it is prohibited in Islam. It is considered a form of deception and dishonesty, and it may lead to negative consequences in this life and the Hereafter. In conclusion, fulfilling promises is not only a moral obligation but also a religious duty in Islam. It is compulsory for Muslims to keep their word and fulfill their promises to the best of their ability, and breaking promises is prohibited and considered a sin in Islam.

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Khula fa'ul-Rashidun refers to the four rightly guided Caliphs who succeeded the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) in leading the Muslim community. Therefore, the answer is four. The four Khula fa'ul-Rashidun are Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali (may Allah be pleased with them all).

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Khadijah (may Allah be pleased with her) was 40 years old when she married the Prophet Muhammad (SAW). Khadijah was a wealthy and successful businesswoman who hired the young Muhammad (SAW) to work for her. Impressed by his honesty and character, she proposed marriage to him despite their age difference. The Prophet Muhammad (SAW) accepted the proposal, and they had a happy and loving marriage that lasted for 25 years until Khadijah's passing. Therefore, we can conclude that Khadijah was 40 years old when she married the Prophet Muhammad (SAW).

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The statement "Man kana Yu'minu billahi" is repeated three times in Hadith No. 15 of al-Nawawi's collections. In this Hadith, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is reported to have said, "Whosoever believes in Allah and the Last Day, let him speak good or remain silent." The statement "Man kana Yu'minu billahi" means "Whosoever believes in Allah."

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Hadith No. 1 of al-Nawawi's collections teaches the importance of intention (niyyah) in Islam. The Hadith, narrated by Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA), states that the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) said, "Actions are judged by their intentions, and every person will be rewarded according to his intention. Thus, he whose migration was to Allah and His Messenger, his migration was to Allah and His Messenger; and he whose migration was for some worldly benefit or for a woman to marry, his migration was for that which he migrated." This Hadith highlights the significance of having sincere intentions when performing any action in Islam, including acts of worship, daily activities, and interactions with others. It stresses that the intention behind an action is as important as the action itself, and that the reward or punishment for an action depends on the intention behind it. Therefore, a Muslim should always strive to purify their intention and make it solely for the sake of Allah, seeking His pleasure and reward. In summary, Hadith No. 1 of al-Nawawi's collections emphasizes the importance of intention in Islam and encourages Muslims to strive for sincerity in all their actions.

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Suratul Asr has three verses. The surah is the 103rd chapter of the Quran and is one of the shortest chapters. The surah emphasizes the importance of time and encourages believers to use their time wisely and engage in good deeds.