JAMB UTME - Government - 2018

A constitution of any country is basically___________

Détails de la réponse

A constitution of any country is a guide to how the country should be governed. It is a written document that outlines the fundamental principles and rules by which a country is governed. The constitution defines the powers and limitations of the government, as well as the rights and freedoms of the people. It establishes the framework for the organization of the government, the roles and responsibilities of its branches, and the procedures for making and enforcing laws. In essence, the constitution sets the foundation for the political and legal systems of a country and serves as a framework for the governance of its people.

Rhodesia was the former name of

Détails de la réponse

Rhodesia was the former name of Zimbabwe. Rhodesia was a country in southern Africa that was named after Cecil Rhodes, a British businessman, mining magnate, and politician who played a key role in the colonization of the region. The country was known as Southern Rhodesia from 1898 until 1965, when it unilaterally declared independence from Britain, and then simply Rhodesia until 1980, when it officially became the Republic of Zimbabwe. Today, Zimbabwe is a landlocked country in southern Africa that shares borders with South Africa, Botswana, Zambia, and Mozambique. It is known for its rich cultural heritage, stunning landscapes, and diverse wildlife, including elephants, lions, and rhinos.

Nigeria’s membership of the ECOWAS is informed by her desire to___________

Détails de la réponse

In pursuing the goal of regional economic cooperation and development, Nigeria helped create ECOWAS, which seeks to harmonise trade and investment practices for its 16 West African member countries and ultimately to achieve a full customs union.

The body responsible for exercising the functions of local governments in the 1976 reforms was the________

Détails de la réponse

The body responsible for exercising the functions of local governments in the 1976 reforms was the local government council. The 1976 local government reforms in Nigeria aimed to decentralize power and bring governance closer to the people by creating more autonomous local government areas. As part of this reform, the local government council was established as the body responsible for exercising the functions of local governments. The local government council was made up of elected representatives who were responsible for the management and administration of their respective local government areas. They had the power to make laws, levy taxes, and provide essential services such as healthcare, education, and sanitation. In contrast, the other options listed are not accurate descriptions of the body responsible for exercising the functions of local governments in the 1976 reforms. The local government commission was created to oversee the establishment and operation of local governments, while the local government committee was responsible for conducting elections and supervising the activities of the local government councils. The committee of chairmen and supervisory councilors was not a recognized body in the 1976 local government reforms.

A major feature of the system of government in the Sokoto Caliphate was that

Détails de la réponse

The major feature of the system of government in the Sokoto Caliphate was that it was theocratic. This means that the government was based on religion and religious leaders, specifically the caliph, had the ultimate authority. The caliphate was established in what is now northern Nigeria in the early 19th century by the Muslim leader Usman dan Fodio. He believed in a strict interpretation of Islam and wanted to create a society based on Islamic principles. The Sokoto Caliphate was therefore ruled by a series of caliphs who were considered to be both political and religious leaders. They oversaw the administration of the state, the enforcement of laws, and the collection of taxes. The caliphs were assisted by a council of advisors, but the ultimate power rested with the caliph himself. So, the Sokoto Caliphate was not democratic, nor was power effectively decentralized, as it was highly centralized around the caliph and his religious authority.

In the old OYO empire, the Ajele

Détails de la réponse

In the old Oyo Empire, the Ajele was responsible for ensuring good governance of the districts. The Ajele was a high-ranking official appointed by the Alaafin (the king) to oversee the administration of a particular district. The Ajele acted as the king's representative and ensured that the people in the district were following the king's laws and policies. The Ajele also collected taxes, resolved disputes, and maintained peace and order in the district. While the Oyo Empire had a standing army, the Ajele did not typically have direct responsibility for mobilizing or commanding military forces. The Oyo Empire was known for its robust trade networks, but the Ajele's responsibilities did not specifically include ensuring the safety of trade routes.

A state that is ruled by an elected citizen is

Détails de la réponse

A state that is ruled by an elected citizen is called a republic. In a republic, the citizens have the power to elect their leaders, who are then responsible for governing the country. This is different from a monarchy, where the ruler is usually a hereditary monarch, and an empire, which is typically ruled by an emperor who has seized power through force. In a plutocracy, the country is ruled by wealthy individuals who have acquired significant economic power and influence. This is not the same as a republic, as the citizens do not necessarily have a say in who governs them. Overall, a republic is a form of government that is based on the principle of elected representation, where the people choose their leaders through a democratic process.

A political manifesto is a document which outlines__________

Détails de la réponse

A political manifesto is a document which outlines a political party's programme, their goals, objectives and plans for the future if they were to be elected into power. It includes their policy positions on various issues such as the economy, education, health care, national security, and social welfare. Essentially, a manifesto is a public statement of a political party's intentions and priorities, and it is used to communicate their ideas and policies to voters before an election. The purpose of a political manifesto is to provide a clear and concise outline of what a political party stands for, and what they plan to achieve if elected, so that voters can make an informed choice at the ballot box.

Bicameral legislatures are popular in____________

Détails de la réponse

Bicameral legislatures are most commonly found in countries with a federal system of government. In a federal system, power is divided between a central government and regional governments, such as states or provinces. The two chambers of a bicameral legislature often have different functions and may represent different constituencies. For example, in the United States, the Senate represents the interests of the states, while the House of Representatives represents the interests of the people. This allows for a balance of power and helps to ensure that different perspectives are taken into account when making laws. Bicameral legislatures can also be found in some unitary systems, where power is concentrated in a central government but regional governments still have some authority. However, this is less common than in federal systems. Bicameral legislatures are not typically found in confederal systems, where power is held primarily by regional governments. Finally, whether a system is rigid or flexible is not directly related to the presence of a bicameral legislature. A rigid system generally refers to a constitution that is difficult to change, while a flexible system allows for easier changes to the constitution.

Which of the following led to the introduction of indirect rule in Nigeria by the British?

Détails de la réponse

The manpower and personnel shortages experienced by the British colonial administration in Nigeria led to the introduction of indirect rule. Indirect rule was a system of governance in which local indigenous leaders were appointed as representatives of the colonial power. This was done because the British did not have enough personnel or manpower to directly govern the diverse and vast territory of Nigeria. By using local leaders, the British were able to maintain control over the region with minimal resources. The system of indirect rule remained in place until Nigeria gained independence in 1960.

The role of an Alkali under the Hausa-Fulani political system is primarily to _____________

Détails de la réponse

Under the Hausa-Fulani political system, the role of an Alkali is primarily to adjudicate disputes and resolve conflicts based on Islamic laws and customs. Alkalis are traditionally recognized as judges and arbitrators in their communities, and they are responsible for interpreting and applying Islamic law to resolve disputes between individuals, families, and even entire communities. The Alkali's main responsibility is to ensure that justice is served and that conflicts are resolved peacefully, fairly, and in accordance with Islamic principles. They are expected to be knowledgeable in Islamic law, and they are usually selected based on their reputation for wisdom, fairness, and integrity. While Alkalis may have some influence in the making of Islamic laws and the negotiation of treaties, their primary role is to act as judges and arbitrators in the administration of Islamic justice in their communities.

The creation of more states in Nigeria has_______

Détails de la réponse

The creation of more states in Nigeria has increased the number of administrative units in the country, but it has not eliminated ethnic and religious conflicts. While some argue that creating more states can help reduce the gap between rich and poor states, this has not been uniformly observed, and the impact may be mixed. The creation of more states has not necessarily increased the powers of the federal government, but it has increased the powers of the states and local government as they now have more autonomy to make decisions on issues that affect them.

The major difference between a state and a nation is that the latter presupposes a _______

Détails de la réponse

The major difference between a state and a nation is that the latter presupposes a homogeneous population. A state is an organized political entity with a defined territory, a government, and a population. On the other hand, a nation is a group of people who share common cultural, linguistic, or historical characteristics. A nation may or may not have a defined territory, a government, or a state. The key characteristic that distinguishes a nation from a state is the homogeneity of its population. A nation is typically composed of people who share a common language, history, religion, or cultural heritage. In contrast, a state may have a diverse population with different languages, religions, or cultures. For example, the United States is a state with a diverse population, including people of different races, religions, and ethnic backgrounds. In contrast, Japan is a nation with a relatively homogeneous population that shares a common language, culture, and history. Therefore, the concept of a nation presupposes a homogeneous population, whereas a state may or may not have a homogeneous population.

OPEC has strong influence with the__________

Détails de la réponse

OPEC is an economic body formed to meet the interests of petroleum exporting countries in which African nation states are involved and easily influenced by its policies as they are regarded as third world countries.

The first executive president of Nigeria was_________

Détails de la réponse

The first executive president of Nigeria was actually not any of the options listed. Nigeria's first executive president was Shehu Shagari. He served as president from 1979 to 1983, after winning the presidential election as the candidate of the National Party of Nigeria. Prior to his presidency, he had also served as the Minister of Economic Affairs and as the Minister of Finance in previous Nigerian governments. During his presidency, he focused on improving the economy and reducing corruption, but was unfortunately overthrown in a military coup in 1983.

Capitalism is an economic system which emphasizes_______________

Détails de la réponse

Capitalism is an economic system which emphasizes individualism. In a capitalist system, the means of production and distribution of goods and services are mainly in the hands of private individuals and companies, rather than the government. The goal of a capitalist system is to create wealth for individuals through market competition and the creation of goods and services in demand. The key idea behind capitalism is that individuals should be free to pursue their own interests and profits, and that this will ultimately lead to economic growth and prosperity for society as a whole.

The primary function of the judiciary is to ______

Détails de la réponse

The primary function of the judiciary is to interpret laws. In other words, it is the role of the judiciary to determine the meaning and understand the intent behind the laws that have been enacted by the legislative branch of government. The judiciary acts as an independent and impartial body that resolves legal disputes and ensures that the laws are applied fairly and consistently. This helps to maintain a stable and just society by providing a fair and impartial system for resolving disputes and interpreting the law.

One advantage of unwritten constitution is that it___________

Détails de la réponse

One advantage of an unwritten constitution is that it contains customary laws and conventions. An unwritten constitution is a set of rules and principles that are not codified in a single, formal document. Instead, it is based on a collection of laws, customs, and traditions that have evolved over time. These laws and customs reflect the values and beliefs of a particular society and provide a framework for its governance. Because an unwritten constitution is based on established customs and traditions, it can be more flexible and adaptable than a written constitution. It can respond more readily to changes in society and be more reflective of the needs and interests of the people. This flexibility can be an advantage in situations where a society is evolving rapidly or facing significant challenges. Furthermore, an unwritten constitution can provide for the protection of minority rights, as it may contain unwritten conventions and customs that safeguard those rights. This can be particularly important in diverse societies where different groups may have competing interests. In summary, one advantage of an unwritten constitution is that it can contain customary laws and conventions, providing a flexible framework for governance that can adapt to changes in society and safeguard the rights of minorities.

Power refers to the__________

Détails de la réponse

Power is the capacity of an individual to influence the conduct (behaviour) of others. The term "authority" is often used for power that is perceived as legitimate by the social structure.

A human community that is usually cohesive and homogeneous is a

Détails de la réponse

A nation is a stable community of people, formed on the basis of a common language, territory, history, ethnicity, or psychological make-up manifested in a common culture.

A bye-law is made by

Détails de la réponse

A bye-law is made by the local government. Bye-laws are a set of rules and regulations that are made to govern a specific area or community, such as a town, city, or village. These rules are created by the local government, which is the body responsible for managing and administering the affairs of the local community. Local government refers to the elected officials and administrative staff who are responsible for making decisions and implementing policies at the local level. This can include city councils, municipal corporations, or other similar bodies. These officials are elected by the people who live in the area they represent, and they are responsible for creating and enforcing the bye-laws that govern the community. So, if you want to know who makes bye-laws, the answer is the local government.

One major achievement of the Clifford constitution was _________

Détails de la réponse

The Clifford Constitution of 1922 disposed the Nigerian Council of Lord Lugard (1914) and set up a new legislative council for the Southern Protectorate. The membership of the Clifford legislative council was 46. Twenty- seven out of the 46 members were officials while 19 were unofficial members. Ten out of the 19 unofficial members were Nigerians and out of the 10 unofficial Nigerians, 4 were elected, 3 from Lagos and 1 from Calabar. The remaining six were appointed by the governor.

Nigeria is a member of____________

Détails de la réponse

Nigeria is a member of ECOWAS, the OAU (now known as the African Union), and the UNO (now known as the United Nations). ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) is a regional organization consisting of 15 West African countries, with a mandate to promote economic integration and development in the region. Nigeria is one of the founding members of ECOWAS, and it plays a significant role in the organization's affairs. The OAU (Organization of African Unity) was established in 1963 to promote unity and solidarity among African states and to work towards the decolonization of the continent. The OAU has since been replaced by the African Union, which is a similar organization with a broader mandate. Nigeria was one of the founding members of the OAU and continues to be an active member of the African Union. The UNO (United Nations Organization) is an international organization established in 1945 to promote international cooperation and maintain international peace and security. Nigeria is a member of the UN and has been actively involved in its affairs since gaining independence in 1960. Nigeria is not a member of NATO, the Commonwealth of Nations, or the OAS (Organization of American States). It is, however, a member of OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries), which is a group of 13 oil-producing countries that coordinate their petroleum policies to stabilize oil markets and ensure a regular supply of petroleum to consumers.

Political socialization is associated with

Détails de la réponse

Political socialization is a lifelong process by which people form their ideas about politics and acquire political values. The family, educational system, peer groups, and the mass media all play a role.

A true democracy in the modern sense exists where the

Détails de la réponse

A true democracy in the modern sense exists where elected representatives rule. In a democratic system, citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf. These elected officials are responsible for creating and implementing laws and policies that reflect the will of the people. The representatives are accountable to the citizens and can be voted out of office if they fail to perform their duties properly. This system allows for the majority of the people to have a say in the decisions that affect their lives, while also ensuring that the government is run by individuals who have been selected through a fair and transparent process.

The highest decision-making body in Nigeria under the Buhari's military regime was the ________

Détails de la réponse

The highest decision-making body in Nigeria under the Buhari military regime was the Supreme Military Council (SMC). The SMC was the highest military authority in Nigeria and had the power to make decisions on all matters of national significance, including the country's political, economic, and social affairs. The SMC was made up of the top military officers in Nigeria, including the Chief of Army Staff, Chief of Naval Staff, Chief of Air Staff, and other key military leaders. The SMC was responsible for making all major policy decisions in Nigeria during Buhari's military regime, and its decisions were binding on all other government institutions.

Citizenship of a state by descent requires that ___________

Détails de la réponse

Citizenship of a state by descent requires that one's parents or ancestors were citizens of that state. This means that if a person's parent or grandparent was a citizen of the state, then that person may be eligible to apply for citizenship by descent. Simply being born or bred in the state or being domiciled in that state does not automatically confer citizenship by descent. It is the lineage or ancestry that determines one's eligibility for citizenship by descent.

One feature of the federal system of government is that the centre is____________

Détails de la réponse

A federal system of government is a system in which the powers of government are constitutionally shared between the central government and regional units in such a way that each level of government is independent and autonomous. In this system, different tiers of government govern the same citizens, but each tier has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration. Power is divided between the central, larger government, and the local, regional, or state governments beneath it.

Détails de la réponse

The correct answer is Zenith Bank Plc. A public corporation is a government-owned entity that operates as a business or provides a public service. In Nigeria, examples of public corporations include the Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB), the Nigerian Steel Development Authority, and the Nigeria Railway Corporation. However, Zenith Bank Plc is not a public corporation in Nigeria, but a private bank that is owned by shareholders. While it is a highly respected financial institution in Nigeria, it is not owned or controlled by the Nigerian government, and therefore cannot be classified as a public corporation.

The goal of the theory of separation of powers is to

Détails de la réponse

The goal of the theory of separation of powers is to protect individual liberty by dividing the powers of government into three branches - legislative, executive, and judiciary - each with separate and distinct functions. This separation ensures that no one branch has too much power or authority, and that each branch serves as a check and balance on the others. By limiting the power of each branch and preventing any one branch from becoming too powerful, the separation of powers helps to safeguard against tyranny and ensure that the government is accountable to the people it serves.

Which of the following countries made up the Casablanca Group?

Détails de la réponse

The Casablanca Group, sometimes known as the 'Casablanca bloc', was a short-lived, informal association of African states with a shared vision of the future of Africa and of Pan-Africanism in the early 1960s. The group was composed of seven states led by radical, left-wing leaders largely from North Africa - Algeria, Egypt, Ghana, Guinea, Libya, Mali, and Morocco.

The Premier of Western region immediately after Independence was ______

Détails de la réponse

<p>Nigeria became independent on 1st October 1960 and became a republic on 1 October 1963. On 16 January 1966 a military coup brought Major General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi to power, terminating the first period of democratic rule. During this period an appointed governor was nominal head of state while an elected premier led the government.<br><br>
The Premier of Western region immediately after Independence was <strong>Chief Samuel Ladoke Akintola</strong></p>

A government controlled by a few people for their own interests is said to be ____________

Détails de la réponse

The correct answer is "Oligarchy." Oligarchy is a form of government where a small group of people, often wealthy or powerful individuals, have control and power over the entire country or society. These individuals make decisions that benefit themselves, rather than considering the needs and interests of the broader population. In other words, an oligarchy is a government controlled by a few people for their own interests, which may not align with the interests of the rest of the population. The word "oligarchy" comes from the Greek words "oligos," meaning "few," and "arkhein," meaning "to rule."

Détails de la réponse

A typical form of delegated legislation is a bye-law. Bye-laws are regulations made by local councils, government departments or other bodies that have been given the power to make them by a higher authority, usually an Act of Parliament. These bye-laws set out specific rules and regulations for a particular area or issue, and help to ensure that the policies set out by the higher authority are carried out effectively at a local level. Bye-laws can cover a wide range of topics, from parking regulations to waste management. They are an important tool for ensuring that the law is applied in a way that is appropriate to local circumstances and needs.

The tenure of the president of the UN Security Council is

Détails de la réponse

The tenure of the President of the United Nations (UN) Security Council is one month. The presidency of the UN Security Council rotates among the 15 members of the Council on a monthly basis, according to the English alphabetical order of their country names. Each member state takes its turn to assume the presidency, which means that each country holds the position for one month throughout the year. During its presidency, the country in charge of the UN Security Council sets the agenda, presides over meetings, and represents the Council in its interactions with other parts of the UN and the wider world. After one month, the presidency is then transferred to the next country in the alphabetical order of member states' names.

An Agency of the United Nations which specializes in the welfare of children is the _______

Détails de la réponse

The United Nations agency which specializes in the welfare of children is UNICEF. UNICEF stands for the United Nations Children's Fund and it is a specialized agency of the United Nations that was created in 1946 to provide humanitarian aid and assistance to children around the world. UNICEF works to protect children's rights, provide healthcare and nutrition, ensure access to education, and protect children from violence, exploitation, and abuse. UNICEF operates in over 190 countries and territories, working with governments, civil society organizations, and other partners to promote the well-being of children and families. Its work is based on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, which outlines the basic rights of children, including the right to life, education, and protection from harm.

A human community that is usually cohesive and homogeneous is a

Détails de la réponse

A human community that is usually cohesive and homogeneous can be referred to as a nation. A nation is a group of people who share a common culture, history, language, and often a common ancestry. They feel a sense of belonging and identity with one another, and consider themselves to be part of the same community. It's important to note that the term "nation" is often used interchangeably with "country," but they are not exactly the same thing. A country is a political entity with defined borders and a government, while a nation is a cultural and ethnic community.

The main source of local government finance since the 1976 reform has been___________

Détails de la réponse

The main source of local government finance since the 1976 reform has been local rates. Local rates are taxes that are collected by local governments on properties within their jurisdiction. This tax is based on the value of the property and is used to finance the provision of local services, such as road maintenance, waste management, and community services. This revenue is a crucial source of income for local governments and enables them to provide essential services to their communities. It's important to note that while other sources such as levies, revenue from court fines and licences, and even the federal government may provide funding for local governments, local rates remain the primary source of funding for local governments in many countries.

An important aspect of an unwritten constitution is that it

Détails de la réponse

An unwritten constitution is a constitution not embodied in a single document but based chiefly on custom and precedent as expressed in statutes and judicial decisions. It means that a state or country does not have a single written law functioning as a constitution. In such states, the customs and values, which are expressed in statutes provide the organic and fundamental law of such state.

The tenure of the president of the UN Secretary council is__________

Détails de la réponse

The United Nations Security Council president is elected for one month in which it rotates among its members.