JAMB UTME - Islamic Religious Studies - 2023

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Have taqwa (fear) of Allah wherever you may be, and follow up a bad deed with a good deed which will wipe it out, and behave well towards the people. It was related by at-Tirmidhi, who said it was a hasan (good) hadeeth, and in some copies it is stated to be a hasan saheeh hadeeth.

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The Prophet's uncle who succeeded Abu Talib as the Head of the Banu Hashum was Hamzah

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The goddesses of the Jahiliyyah Arabs include al-Lat, al-Manat, and al-Uzzah. However, as-samad is not a goddess of the Jahiliyyah Arabs. As-Samad is one of the names of Allah, mentioned in Surah Al-Ikhlas.

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It discourages innovation in religion.

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According to Hadith 34 of an-Nawawi, the weakest form of faith is changing an evil with the heart, which means hating it and feeling that it is wrong. This is considered the least that can be done when encountering evil.

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The reign of Caliph Uthman b. Affan is known for several key contributions during his time as the Caliph of the Islamic state. One of the notable achievements was **standardization of the Qur'an**. During this time, the Islamic community was expanding rapidly, and there were multiple versions of the Qur'an in different dialects. This led to confusion and inconsistencies in the recitation and interpretation of the holy book. Caliph Uthman took the initiative to establish a standardized version of the Qur'an to ensure uniformity and accuracy in its recitation. To accomplish this, Caliph Uthman appointed a committee of scholars, including prominent companions of the Prophet Muhammad, to compile an official version of the Qur'an. They used the original written materials and the oral traditions passed down from the Prophet. The compiled version, known as the Uthmanic codex, formed the basis for the standardization of the Qur'an that we have today. This standardization had significant implications. It allowed for **consistency in the teachings of Islam** across different regions, ensuring that everyone was reciting and understanding the same message. It also helped in preserving the integrity of the Qur'an, protecting it from any alterations or variations. The standardization of the Qur'an during the reign of Caliph Uthman played a crucial role in the preservation and dissemination of the Islamic faith. It helped establish a solid foundation for the community and ensured the Quranic teachings were accurately conveyed from one generation to another.

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Marriage is a special and important relationship between two individuals that serves many purposes. However, it is important to note that not all functions of marriage are related to personal or material gain. One of the functions that marriage does not fulfill is a quick means of getting rich.
Marriage provides many important functions, such as sexual satisfaction, the foundation of family life, and security in old age.
Firstly, sexual satisfaction is an essential function of marriage. It allows two individuals to build an intimate physical connection, fostering love and emotional well-being within the relationship.
Secondly, marriage serves as the foundation of family life. It is where couples come together to form a family unit, creating a stable and nurturing environment for children to grow and develop emotionally, socially, and psychologically.
Thirdly, marriage provides security in old age. As couples grow older, they can rely on each other for emotional and financial support. This helps to alleviate concerns about loneliness and financial instability in the later stages of life.
However, marriage is not a quick means of getting rich. While a strong and healthy marriage can provide economic stability, it is not a guaranteed shortcut to amassing wealth. Financial success requires effort, hard work, and smart decision-making, both individually and as a couple.
In conclusion, marriage fulfills important functions such as sexual satisfaction, serving as the foundation of family life, and offering security in old age. However, it should not be viewed as a means of quickly acquiring wealth.

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Imam Muslim, a prominent scholar of Hadith, was born in 817 CE and died in 875 CE. However, his most significant work, Sahih Muslim, was completed in 888 CE.

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Ijma' as a secondary source of Islamic law refers to the consensus opinion of scholars. It means that when scholars unanimously agree on a particular ruling or interpretation of Islamic law, it becomes a reliable source for deriving legal rulings. This consensus is based on the collective wisdom and knowledge of the scholars who specialize in Islamic jurisprudence. Ijma' provides stability and continuity in interpreting and applying Islamic law as it ensures that the understanding of the religion remains consistent over time. It is considered an essential source because it represents the agreement of experts who have extensively studied and analyzed the Islamic texts and principles. It is important to note that ijma' is not based on the number of scholars who agree, but rather on the agreement of the qualified scholars who possess deep knowledge and expertise in Islamic law. This ensures that the consensus is reliable and reflective of the true spirit and teachings of Islam. Ijma' serves as an established basis for justice because it helps prevent individual interpretations from being imposed on the general Muslim community. It promotes unity and harmony among Muslims by providing a common understanding of the law. Overall, ijma' is a significant secondary source of Islamic law that relies on the consensus opinion of qualified scholars. It helps ensure the stability, consistency, and justice in the interpretation and application of Islamic law. Therefore, it holds a crucial role in shaping the legal framework of Islamic societies.

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In Hadith 16, "La Taghdab" means "do not get angry". It is an Arabic phrase that carries a simple and important message in Islam. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) advised his followers to control their anger and not let it overcome them. Anger is a natural human emotion, but it can often lead to negative consequences and harm both to oneself and others. Getting angry can cloud our judgment, lead us to say hurtful words, and may even result in physical aggression. Therefore, Islam encourages individuals to restrain their anger and respond to difficult situations with patience and understanding. This teaching of "La Taghdab" reminds us to be mindful of our emotions, to avoid reacting impulsively when we feel angry. Instead, we should take a step back, reflect on the situation, and respond in a calm and respectful manner. By doing so, we can maintain harmony in our relationships, contribute to a peaceful society, and earn the pleasure of Allah. It is important to note that anger itself is not condemned in Islam. There are times when anger can be justified, such as when witnessing injustice or oppression. However, even in such cases, Islam advises individuals to channel their anger in a constructive and productive way, seeking to rectify the situation without causing harm. In summary, "La Taghdab" means "do not get angry" in the context of Hadith 16. It serves as a reminder to Muslims to control their anger, respond to challenging situations with patience, and strive for peace and harmony in their interactions with others.

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The last verse of Suratut-Tin describes Allah as the 'Judge'. The verse is 'Is not Allah the most just of judges?' (Surah At-Tin, 95:8). Therefore, the correct answer is 'Judge'.

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Lawhul-Mahfudh is a Quranic term that refers to the Preserved Tablet in Islam. According to Islamic beliefs, the Quran is considered to be the literal word of God, revealed to the Prophet Muhammad through the angel Gabriel over the course of 23 years.
The Lawhul-Mahfudh is seen as a sacred tablet where the entirety of the Quran has been recorded since the beginning of time. It is believed to be an eternal and unchangeable copy of the Quran that exists in the heavenly realm.
The Lawhul-Mahfudh is associated with the Quran in terms of preservation. It signifies that the Quran has been meticulously protected and safeguarded from any alterations or distortions throughout history. The belief is that every word and letter of the Quran has remained unchanged since it was first revealed. This is considered a miraculous aspect of the Quran and demonstrates its authenticity and divinity.
While the options provided also touch on other aspects related to the Quran, such as memorization, compilation, and recitation, the term Lawhul-Mahfudh specifically emphasizes the concept of preservation. It reflects the belief that the Quran is not only a book that was compiled and memorized by early Muslims, but also a divine scripture that has been safeguarded by God Himself.

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Surah ad-Duha does not begin with a divine command to the Prophet. It begins with an oath by the morning light (Duha) and the night when it settles. The other Surahs listed (an-Nas, al-Falaq, al-Kafirun) all begin with a command or a statement to the Prophet.

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An exclusive obligation of the husband is **provision of shelter**. This means that it is the husband's responsibility to provide a home or a place of residence for the family.
Provision of shelter refers to the husband's duty to ensure that his family has a safe and suitable place to live. This includes finding and paying for a house or apartment, arranging for necessary maintenance and repairs, and making sure that the living conditions are comfortable for his spouse and children.
While other options such as **domestic support, provision of job, and counselling** are important roles that a husband can undertake, they are not exclusive obligations. Both spouses should contribute to domestic support and household chores, with the husband sharing responsibilities for cooking, cleaning, and taking care of the children.
Similarly, providing a job is not exclusively the husband's responsibility. Both spouses can work and contribute financially to the family's financial wellbeing and stability.
Counselling can also be a shared responsibility, as both husband and wife should support and guide each other emotionally.
In conclusion, of the options provided, the exclusive obligation of the husband is to ensure the provision of shelter for his family.

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Khadijah married Muhammad (S.A.W.) at the age of 40. This is a well-known fact in Islamic history. Khadijah was a wealthy and successful businesswoman in Makkah, and she was 15 years older than Muhammad (S.A.W.). She proposed to him for marriage, recognizing his noble character and honesty. They had a long and loving marriage, which lasted for about 25 years until Khadijah's passing. Muhammad (S.A.W.) often spoke highly of Khadijah's support and companionship, and she is considered to be one of the most honored and respected women in Islamic history.

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The last child of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) was Ibrahim, who was born to Maria al-Qibtiyya. He lived for about 16 to 18 months and then died.

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The Surah which begins with four oaths is Surah at-Tin. In this Surah, Allah takes four solemn oaths to emphasize the importance of the message that is to follow. The use of oath is a rhetorical device to grab the attention of the listener and highlight the significance of what is being said. The Surah begins with the oath by the fig, then the oath by the olive, followed by the oath by Mount Sinai, and finally, the oath by this city (Makkah). These oaths serve as a way to capture the attention of the listeners and make them reflect upon the greatness of Allah's creation. Each oath corresponds to a specific lesson or message. The fig represents God's perfect creation and its sweetness can be seen as a symbol of the sweetness and goodness found in obedience to Allah. The olive is another tree that is mentioned in the Quran, and it symbolizes peace and blessings. Mount Sinai is the place where Prophet Musa (Moses) received the revelation from Allah, highlighting the importance of divine guidance. And the city, Makkah, holds great significance as the birthplace of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and the center of Islam. The Surah continues to deliver a powerful message of gratitude, warning, and a reminder of human responsibilities. It emphasizes that those who do righteous deeds, believe in Allah, and follow His guidance will be rewarded with a blissful life, while those who reject the truth and engage in wrongdoing will face consequences. In summary, Surah at-Tin begins with four oaths to grab the attention of the listeners and highlight the importance of the message that follows. Each oath symbolizes a specific lesson and serves to remind us of Allah's greatness and the importance of following His guidance. The Surah emphasizes the importance of righteousness, gratitude, and warns against the consequences of rejecting the truth.

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A rak'ah in salat starts with Takbiratul Ihram. Takbiratul Ihram is the opening takbir (saying "Allahu Akbar") that marks the beginning of the prayer. It is the first act performed in each rak'ah of the prayer.
When we begin our prayer, we raise our hands up to our ears and say "Allahu Akbar" to enter into the state of prayer. This is called Takbiratul Ihram. It signifies the transition from our daily activities to focusing our minds and hearts on worshipping Allah.
By saying "Allahu Akbar" and raising our hands, we are expressing our belief in the greatness of Allah and our intention to dedicate this time purely for His worship.
After saying the Takbiratul Ihram, we proceed to the next actions in the salat, such as Qiyam bi Itidal (standing upright), Sujud (prostration), and Ruku (bowing). But it is the Takbiratul Ihram that marks the beginning of the rak'ah.
So, in summary, a rak'ah in salat starts with the Takbiratul Ihram, which is the opening takbir that signifies the beginning of the prayer and our transition into the state of worship.

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Talaq al-Bida'ah is a type of divorce that takes effect when it is pronounced in a specific manner. To understand this, let's break down the conditions: 1. Firstly, the divorce should be pronounced when the wife is still in her marital home. This means that the husband cannot divorce his wife when she is away from their shared residence. 2. Secondly, the divorce should be pronounced when the wife is purified of her menses. In Islamic law, a divorce cannot be validly pronounced during a woman's menstrual cycle. It can only be done when she is in a period of purity. 3. Thirdly, the divorce can be either pronounced verbally or in writing. This means that the husband can say the words of divorce out loud or write them down and communicate it to his wife. 4. Finally, Talaq al-Bida'ah takes effect when the husband pronounces the divorce three times simultaneously. This means that he has to state divorce words such as "I divorce you" three times in one instance. It is important for the husband to utter the divorce words only once, but with the understanding that it counts as three divorces. It is essential to understand that Talaq al-Bida'ah, also known as triple divorce or instant divorce, is considered highly discouraged in Islam. Scholars emphasize the importance of reconciliation and exhausting other means of resolving marital disputes before resorting to this form of divorce.

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The following nullifies an Islamic marriage if it is not fulfilled except marriage feast. In Islamic law, the marriage feast (Walima) is a Sunnah (practice of the Prophet) and not a requirement for the validity of the marriage.

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The works of Imam Bukhari and al-Tirmidhi are both called 'Jami'. Jami is a term used for a collection of hadiths, which are sayings, actions or approvals of the Prophet Muhammad.

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On the authority of Aishah, who said : The messenger of Allah said: p "He who innovates something in this matter of ours that is not of it will have it rejected."

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The Suratud-Duha in the Quran consists of a total of 11 verses. If we exclude the last verse from this surah, we are left with the remaining verses. Therefore, without the last verse, the remaining verses are 10.
To summarize: - Suratud-Duha has 11 verses in total. - If we remove the last verse from this surah, we are left with the remaining verses. - Hence, without the last verse, the remaining verses in Suratud-Duha are 10.
Therefore, the correct answer is 10.

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The supererogatory prayer with a single rak'ah is Salatul Witr.
Salatul Witr is a voluntary prayer that is performed after the Isha prayer and before the Fajr prayer. It consists of an odd number of rak'ahs (units of prayer), with the minimum being one rak'ah.
This prayer is considered supererogatory, meaning it is not obligatory but highly recommended. It is a way for individuals to earn extra rewards and strengthen their connection with Allah.
Salatul Witr is a special prayer that holds great virtue in Islam. It is often performed separately from the regular daily prayers. It is recommended to perform it during the night, after the Isha prayer, but before the Fajr prayer. However, if someone is unable to wake up for it before Fajr, they can still perform it before going to sleep.
The prayer consists of various rak'ahs, with odd numbers being preferred. The final rak'ah, known as the Witr rak'ah, is the one that distinguishes this prayer from others. It is usually performed with an odd number of units, such as one rak'ah, three rak'ahs, or five rak'ahs, but it can also be performed with more.
During Salatul Witr, additional supplications, known as Qunoot, are made in the final rak'ah. These supplications can be made in Arabic or the person's local language, and they can ask for guidance, forgiveness, and blessings.
Performing Salatul Witr is highly recommended, but it is important to remember that it is not obligatory like the five daily prayers. However, it holds immense spiritual benefits and can strengthen one's relationship with Allah.

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Imam an-Nasai spent his days in Khurasan. Khurasan is a historical region located in northeastern Iran, parts of Afghanistan, and Central Asia. It was a very important cultural and intellectual center during Imam an-Nasai's time.
Imam an-Nasai was a renowned scholar and had a deep knowledge of the hadith (sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad). He spent a significant amount of time in Khurasan, studying, collecting, and teaching hadiths.
Khurasan was known for its vibrant scholarly community and was home to many prominent Islamic scholars. Imam an-Nasai benefited from the rich intellectual environment of Khurasan and devoted himself to the study and preservation of the hadiths.
His dedication in collecting hadiths led to the compilation of a famous book called "Sunan an-Nasai," which is one of the six most authentic books of hadiths in Sunni Islam. This book contains a collection of hadiths along with their chains of narrators, making it a valuable resource for scholars and students of Islamic knowledge.
In conclusion, Imam an-Nasai spent his days in Khurasan, where he immersed himself in the study of hadiths and contributed greatly to the preservation of Islamic knowledge through his compilation of "Sunan an-Nasai."

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The Tahajjud prayer is observed between the night prayer of Isha and the dawn prayer of Fajr. It is a voluntary prayer that is performed during the late hours of the night. After offering the Isha prayer, which is performed after sunset, there is a window of time during the night when Tahajjud can be performed. This time varies depending on the region and the time of year. During this blessed time, Muslims wake up from their sleep in the middle of the night to engage in additional prayers and to seek closeness to Allah. The Tahajjud prayer is highly recommended as it allows individuals to have a personal and intimate connection with their Creator. In conclusion, the Tahajjud prayer is observed between the night prayer of Isha and the dawn prayer of Fajr. It is a time when Muslims wake up during the night to engage in additional prayers and seek closeness to Allah.

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Voluntary fasting is encouraged on Mondays.
Fasting on Mondays is considered a virtuous act in Islam. It is not obligatory but highly recommended as it follows the example of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) who used to fast on Mondays.
Fasting on Mondays has several benefits. It helps to gain extra rewards from Allah, strengthens one's faith, purifies the soul, and provides an opportunity for self-discipline and self-reflection. Additionally, fasting on Mondays can boost physical health by allowing the body to detoxify and promoting weight loss.
However, it is important to note that fasting is a personal choice and one should always consult with a healthcare professional before undertaking any fasting regimen, as individual circumstances may vary.

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Have taqwa (fear) of Allah wherever you may be, and follow up a bad deed with a good deed which will wipe it out, and behave well towards the people.

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Tayammum is a dry ablution in Islamic ritual purification for prayer, which involves the use of clean soil or dust when water is not available or cannot be used for reasons such as illness. Therefore, the correct answer is 'access to water is very difficult'.

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The Prophet Muhammad lost his wife Khadijah in the year 619 C.E.

Khadijah was the first wife of Prophet Muhammad and she played a significant role in supporting him in the early years of his prophethood. She was a successful businesswoman and a strong source of emotional and financial support for the Prophet.

In the year 619, which is known as the "Year of Sorrow," both Khadijah and the Prophet's uncle, Abu Talib, passed away. Their deaths were a great loss for the Prophet Muhammad, as they were his main sources of support and protection during that time.

Therefore, the correct answer is 619 C.E.

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According to the Quran, monotheism is not a form of shirk. Shirk refers to the act of associating partners or idols with Allah, which is considered a grave sin in Islamic belief.
Monotheism, on the other hand, is the belief in and worship of only one God. It is the fundamental concept in Islam, and Muslims are taught to believe in the oneness of God, known as "Tawheed."
The Quran repeatedly emphasizes the importance of monotheism and condemns the act of associating partners with Allah. This concept is summarized in the declaration of faith in Islam, the Shahada, which states, "There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is His messenger."
In contrast to monotheism, atheism is the belief that there is no God or higher power. While atheism does not involve associating partners with Allah, it goes against the central pillar of Islamic belief in the existence of a single God.
Therefore, the correct answer is atheism as it stands in opposition to the belief in the oneness of God and does not involve associating partners with Allah.

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Fajr = 2
Jummah = 2
Asr = 4
Magrib = 3
Ishai = 4

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The phrase 'Iqra' warabbukal' akram' is from the first revelation of the Quran to Prophet Muhammad. It is followed by 'Alladhi' alama bil qalam', which translates to 'Who taught by the pen'.

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Surah an-Nasr (Q. 110) discusses the victory of Islam and the rapid expansion of the Muslim community. Therefore, the major teaching of this Surah is that Islam has a bright future.

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Halimah, the wet nurse of Muhammad(S.A.W.), hailed from the Banu Sa'ad tribe. The Banu Sa'ad tribe was a branch of the larger tribe called Hawazin. They lived in the region of Najd, which is located in the central part of the Arabian Peninsula. When Muhammad(S.A.W.) was born, his mother had passed away and it was common practice in Arabia for infants to be breastfed by a wet nurse. Halimah, who belonged to the Banu Sa'ad tribe, was chosen as Muhammad(S.A.W.)'s wet nurse. Halimah and her husband took care of Muhammad(S.A.W.) during his early years, providing him with nourishment and care. It is said that during this time, Halimah's flock of sheep grew healthier and produced more milk than before, which was seen as a sign of blessing and goodness. Being raised among the Banu Sa'ad tribe, Muhammad(S.A.W.) gained valuable insights and knowledge about tribal customs, traditions, and ways of life. This upbringing would later play a significant role in his leadership and dealings with different tribes in Arabia. In summary, Halimah, the wet nurse of Muhammad(S.A.W.), belonged to the Banu Sa'ad tribe, which was a branch of the Hawazin tribe, residing in the region of Najd in central Arabia.

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The capital of the ancient Ghana empire was Awkar. The Ghana empire existed from the 4th to 13th centuries in West Africa. Awkar was located in present-day Mali, near the Niger River.
Awkar was an important trading city and served as the political and economic center of the Ghana empire. It was strategically situated between the desert region to the north and the forest region to the south, which allowed for easy access to valuable trade resources from both areas.
The wealth and power of the Ghana empire were primarily built on the control of gold and salt trade routes. Gold was abundant in the forest regions to the south, while salt was scarce in the desert regions to the north. The empire's location made it a critical hub for facilitating trade between the two regions.
Awkar became a flourishing city due to its role as a commercial center. It attracted merchants from various parts of Africa and beyond. These merchants brought goods like textiles, spices, and other valuable resources, creating a bustling marketplace in Awkar.
As the capital of the Ghana empire, Awkar was also home to important political and administrative institutions. It was where the king, known as the Ghana, held court and made decisions regarding the empire. The city was likely adorned with beautiful palaces, mosques, and other structures representing the empire's wealth and influence.
In summary, Awkar served as the capital of the ancient Ghana empire. It was a thriving city located in present-day Mali, known for its importance in trade, politics, and administration.

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The migration referred to in an-Nawawi's Hadith is the Hijrah, which took place in 622 C.E. This was when Prophet Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medina. The Hijrah marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar, hence it is often referred to in Islamic literature.

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In Quran 24:32, the injunction is that Muslims are encouraged to marry righteous partners. This means that it is recommended for Muslims to seek spouses who are pious, morally upright, and have good character. This verse does not command Muslims to marry more than one wife nor does it discourage polygamy. Its main emphasis is on the importance of choosing a spouse who is committed to their faith and leads a righteous life. Therefore, the correct option is that Quran 24:32 enjoins Muslims to marry righteous partners.

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In the Qur'an, there are certain phrases or verses that are given special significance and are repeated frequently. These phrases are known as ad-Dhikr. Ad-Dhikr helps to emphasize and reinforce important concepts in the Qur'an. It serves as a reminder and a way to keep certain teachings and principles fresh in the minds of the believers.
Similarly, in the Qur'an, there is a chapter that is considered to be the essence and summary of the entire book. This chapter is known as Ummul-Kitab, which translates to "the Mother of the Book" or "the Opening". Ummul-Kitab, also known as Al-Fatihah, is the first chapter of the Qur'an and it holds great significance.
So, to answer the question, the relationship between ad-Dhikr and the Qur'an is similar to the relationship between Ummul-Kitab and Al-Fatihah. Ad-Dhikr is a general term referring to various repeated phrases in the Qur'an, while Ummul-Kitab specifically refers to the first chapter, Al-Fatihah, which is considered the summary and essence of the entire Qur'an.
Therefore, the answer is Fatihah.

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The fifty Muslim archers at the battle of Uhud were instructed to stay in their position and not leave their post. This means that they were told to maintain their position and not move or abandon their post under any circumstances. By doing so, they were expected to provide protection and cover for the Muslim army against any potential attacks from the rear.
Their role as archers was crucial to the overall strategy of the battle. They were strategically positioned on a hill behind the main Muslim army, serving as a defensive line against the enemy cavalry. It was essential for them to maintain their position in order to ensure the protection of the Muslim forces.
However, during the course of the battle, when the Muslim army initially gained the upper hand, a portion of the archers saw a chance to gain war booty and left their post against the orders they were given. This opened up a gap in the defensive line, allowing the enemy cavalry to attack from the rear.
As a result, this breach in the defensive line proved to be a turning point in the battle, leading to a setback for the Muslim forces and ultimately their defeat. The lesson learned from this incident is the importance of following instructions and maintaining discipline in the face of temptation.