WAEC SSCE - Animal Husbandry - 2017 (Practical)
Pregunta 1 Informe
Study specimen P (Wood shavings),Q(Egg tray) and R (Spade) and answer the questions that follow.
(a)(i) State two uses of each of specimen P and R on animal farm.
(ii) State three uses of specimen Q.
(b) Name three other tools that could be used in a poultry farm.
(c) State two precautions that should v=be taken when using specimen P.
(d) mention three ways of amaintaining specimen R.
(a)(i) Two uses of each of specimen P (Wood shavings) and R (Spade) on an animal farm
Specimen P (Wood shavings):
- Used as litter (bedding) material on the deep-litter floor to absorb moisture and droppings.
- Provides warmth and insulation for young stock such as chicks.
Specimen R (Spade):
- Used for digging and turning the soil, and for making drainage channels.
- Used for removing manure, spent litter and refuse from pens.
(ii) Three uses of specimen Q (Egg tray)
- Holding and storing eggs safely to prevent breakage.
- Transporting eggs from the farm to the market.
- Grading, sorting and setting eggs before incubation.
(b) Three other tools that could be used in a poultry farm
- Feeder (feeding trough).
- Drinker (waterer).
- Debeaker (for debeaking birds).
(Others: incubator, egg candler, brooder lamp.)
(c) Two precautions when using specimen P (Wood shavings)
- Keep the shavings dry and turn them regularly to prevent dampness, caking and the growth of mould.
- Use only clean shavings that are free from dust, chemicals or wood preservatives which could be toxic to the birds.
(d) Three ways of maintaining specimen R (Spade)
- Wash off soil and dry the blade after each use to prevent rusting.
- Smear the metal parts with oil or grease and sharpen the cutting edge.
- Store in a dry shed, and tighten or replace a loose handle.
Detalles de la respuesta
(a)(i) Two uses of each of specimen P (Wood shavings) and R (Spade) on an animal farm
Specimen P (Wood shavings):
- Used as litter (bedding) material on the deep-litter floor to absorb moisture and droppings.
- Provides warmth and insulation for young stock such as chicks.
Specimen R (Spade):
- Used for digging and turning the soil, and for making drainage channels.
- Used for removing manure, spent litter and refuse from pens.
(ii) Three uses of specimen Q (Egg tray)
- Holding and storing eggs safely to prevent breakage.
- Transporting eggs from the farm to the market.
- Grading, sorting and setting eggs before incubation.
(b) Three other tools that could be used in a poultry farm
- Feeder (feeding trough).
- Drinker (waterer).
- Debeaker (for debeaking birds).
(Others: incubator, egg candler, brooder lamp.)
(c) Two precautions when using specimen P (Wood shavings)
- Keep the shavings dry and turn them regularly to prevent dampness, caking and the growth of mould.
- Use only clean shavings that are free from dust, chemicals or wood preservatives which could be toxic to the birds.
(d) Three ways of maintaining specimen R (Spade)
- Wash off soil and dry the blade after each use to prevent rusting.
- Smear the metal parts with oil or grease and sharpen the cutting edge.
- Store in a dry shed, and tighten or replace a loose handle.
Pregunta 2 Informe
Study specimen J (Soldier ants),K (Weaver bird) and L (Weevil) and answer the questions that follows
(a)(i) State two harmful effects of each of specimens J, K, and L in livestock production.
(ii) State two ways of controlling each of the specimen J, K and L on livestock farms.
(b) Mention three other storage pests in farm animal production.
(a)(i) Two harmful effects of each specimen in livestock production
Specimen J (soldier ants):
- They bite and sting the animals, causing discomfort, irritation and restlessness, and can kill young or weak stock.
- They consume and reduce the quality of stored feed.
Specimen K (weaver bird):
- They consume feed and feedstuff meant for the animals.
- They contaminate feed and water with their droppings and act as vectors of diseases.
Specimen L (weevil):
- They consume and destroy stored feed and feedstuffs.
- They reduce the nutrient content and viability of the feed and cause contamination.
(a)(ii) Two ways of controlling each specimen
Soldier ants (J):
- Apply insecticides, hot water or kerosene along their trails.
- Destroy their ant hills/colonies and maintain a high level of hygiene.
Weaver bird (K):
- Use scarecrows and noise-making to frighten them off.
- Trap, hunt or shoot them, and use approved avicides.
Weevil (L):
- Dry the feed and store it properly, and treat with insecticides.
- Apply heat by roasting or boiling and use repellents such as dried pepper.
(b) Three other storage pests in farm animal production
- Rats/rodents.
- Cockroaches.
- Beetles (also termites and mould/fungi).
Detalles de la respuesta
(a)(i) Two harmful effects of each specimen in livestock production
Specimen J (soldier ants):
- They bite and sting the animals, causing discomfort, irritation and restlessness, and can kill young or weak stock.
- They consume and reduce the quality of stored feed.
Specimen K (weaver bird):
- They consume feed and feedstuff meant for the animals.
- They contaminate feed and water with their droppings and act as vectors of diseases.
Specimen L (weevil):
- They consume and destroy stored feed and feedstuffs.
- They reduce the nutrient content and viability of the feed and cause contamination.
(a)(ii) Two ways of controlling each specimen
Soldier ants (J):
- Apply insecticides, hot water or kerosene along their trails.
- Destroy their ant hills/colonies and maintain a high level of hygiene.
Weaver bird (K):
- Use scarecrows and noise-making to frighten them off.
- Trap, hunt or shoot them, and use approved avicides.
Weevil (L):
- Dry the feed and store it properly, and treat with insecticides.
- Apply heat by roasting or boiling and use repellents such as dried pepper.
(b) Three other storage pests in farm animal production
- Rats/rodents.
- Cockroaches.
- Beetles (also termites and mould/fungi).
Pregunta 3 Informe
Study specimens V (Livestock bone), W (Poultry crop) and X (Rumen) and answer the questions that follow.
(a)(i) Describe how specimen V could processed into bone meal.
(ii) Name two nutrients supplied by bone meal in animal feed.
(b) Name two farm animals from which each of specimens W and X could be obtained.
(c) State two functions of each of specimens W and X in farm animals.
(a)(i) How specimen V (Livestock bone) could be processed into bone meal
- Collect the bones and clean off flesh, then boil or steam them to remove remaining meat, fat and marrow.
- Sun-dry (or oven-dry) the softened bones thoroughly.
- Grind or mill the dried bones into a fine powder.
- Sieve the powder to obtain uniform, fine bone meal and bag it for storage.
(ii) Two nutrients supplied by bone meal in animal feed
- Calcium.
- Phosphorus.
(b) Two farm animals from which each specimen could be obtained
Specimen W (Poultry crop): fowl (chicken) and turkey (or duck) - it is found in birds.
Specimen X (Rumen): cattle and sheep (or goat) - it is found in ruminants.
(c) Two functions of each specimen in farm animals
Specimen W (Crop):
- Temporary storage of swallowed food.
- Softening and moistening of food before it passes to the proventriculus and gizzard.
Specimen X (Rumen):
- Serves as the site for microbial fermentation and digestion of cellulose (roughage).
- Stores ingested food and allows synthesis of microbial protein and B-vitamins.
Detalles de la respuesta
(a)(i) How specimen V (Livestock bone) could be processed into bone meal
- Collect the bones and clean off flesh, then boil or steam them to remove remaining meat, fat and marrow.
- Sun-dry (or oven-dry) the softened bones thoroughly.
- Grind or mill the dried bones into a fine powder.
- Sieve the powder to obtain uniform, fine bone meal and bag it for storage.
(ii) Two nutrients supplied by bone meal in animal feed
- Calcium.
- Phosphorus.
(b) Two farm animals from which each specimen could be obtained
Specimen W (Poultry crop): fowl (chicken) and turkey (or duck) - it is found in birds.
Specimen X (Rumen): cattle and sheep (or goat) - it is found in ruminants.
(c) Two functions of each specimen in farm animals
Specimen W (Crop):
- Temporary storage of swallowed food.
- Softening and moistening of food before it passes to the proventriculus and gizzard.
Specimen X (Rumen):
- Serves as the site for microbial fermentation and digestion of cellulose (roughage).
- Stores ingested food and allows synthesis of microbial protein and B-vitamins.
Pregunta 4 Informe
Study specimen C, D, E and F and answer the questions that follow.
(a) Give the botanical names of each of specimens C,D, and E.
(b) Name the forage type to which each of the sepcimen C,D and E belongs.
(c) State four ways in which specimen C is important in livestock production.
(d) State the type of farm animal that is mostly fed with specimen F
(e) Describe the process of preparing specimen F
(a) Botanical names
| Specimen | Botanical name |
|---|---|
| C | Pueraria phaseoloides |
| D | Pennisetum purpureum |
| E | Leucaena leucocephala |
(b) Forage type
| Specimen | Forage type |
|---|---|
| C | Legume |
| D | Grass |
| E | Legume (tree/browse legume) |
(c) Four ways in which specimen C (Pueraria phaseoloides) is important in livestock production
- It fixes nitrogen into the soil, improving fertility for other forage.
- It is used as feed material, providing protein and other nutrients.
- It can be conserved as hay or silage for the dry season.
- It serves as a cover crop that checks erosion and leaching (and can be used as green manure).
(d) Type of farm animal mostly fed with specimen F (hay)
Ruminants such as cattle, sheep, goats and camels.
(e) Process of preparing specimen F (hay)
- Cut the forage before flowering, at early maturity.
- Chop the forage material into shorter pieces.
- Spread it out and turn it regularly.
- Dry it to reduce the moisture content while maintaining its green colour.
- Bale/pack it and stack/store it in a dry place.
Detalles de la respuesta
(a) Botanical names
| Specimen | Botanical name |
|---|---|
| C | Pueraria phaseoloides |
| D | Pennisetum purpureum |
| E | Leucaena leucocephala |
(b) Forage type
| Specimen | Forage type |
|---|---|
| C | Legume |
| D | Grass |
| E | Legume (tree/browse legume) |
(c) Four ways in which specimen C (Pueraria phaseoloides) is important in livestock production
- It fixes nitrogen into the soil, improving fertility for other forage.
- It is used as feed material, providing protein and other nutrients.
- It can be conserved as hay or silage for the dry season.
- It serves as a cover crop that checks erosion and leaching (and can be used as green manure).
(d) Type of farm animal mostly fed with specimen F (hay)
Ruminants such as cattle, sheep, goats and camels.
(e) Process of preparing specimen F (hay)
- Cut the forage before flowering, at early maturity.
- Chop the forage material into shorter pieces.
- Spread it out and turn it regularly.
- Dry it to reduce the moisture content while maintaining its green colour.
- Bale/pack it and stack/store it in a dry place.
