JAMB UTME - Geography - 2018
Pregunta 1 Informe
Study the map and answer the question. The land-form feature at the centre of the map can best be described as
Detalles de la respuesta
Pregunta 2 Informe
Latitude 66 and half marks the____________
Detalles de la respuesta
Latitude 66 and a half (66.5) marks the Arctic Circle. The Arctic Circle is an imaginary line that circles the Earth at approximately 66.5 degrees latitude, which is located in the northern hemisphere. This line marks the southernmost point at which the sun can remain continuously above or below the horizon for a full 24 hours, depending on the time of year. Therefore, if you are at a location with latitude 66.5 degrees or higher, it means that you are within the Arctic Circle and can experience the phenomenon of the midnight sun during the summer solstice, where the sun remains above the horizon for a full 24 hours. In contrast, during the winter solstice, the sun will not rise above the horizon at all, resulting in 24 hours of darkness. Hence, the correct answer is: - Arctic Circle
Pregunta 3 Informe
A well will always contain water if its dug_________
Detalles de la respuesta
The sans bearing water or the acquifier is a body of permeable rock which can contain or transmit water. The body (acquifier) is generally a rock with permeability and porosity. They can hold water and provide sufficient rate. If a well is drilled, one does not always get water unless the acquifier is reached
Pregunta 4 Informe
'It is a port that specializes in receiving and redistributing goods to the neighboring countries'. Which of the following ports is described in the preceding statement?
Detalles de la respuesta
The port described in the statement is an Entrepôt. An entrepôt is a port or a place where goods are stored temporarily before being re-exported to other countries. It acts as a distribution center for goods, receiving them from one place and then redistributing them to other places. A ferry port is a place where ferries arrive and depart, carrying passengers and vehicles across bodies of water. An outport is a smaller port that is located away from the main port and is usually used for loading and unloading goods. A river port is a port located on a river and is used for loading and unloading goods and passengers along the river.
Pregunta 5 Informe
British foreign investments are concentrated in
Detalles de la respuesta
The commonwealth of nations, known as commonwealth is an inter governmental organisation of 53 member States that are mostly former territories of the British empire
Pregunta 6 Informe
The innermost section of the Earth is the__________
Detalles de la respuesta
The innermost section of the Earth is the core. The Earth's core is the central part of our planet, located beneath the mantle. It is composed primarily of iron and nickel, and is divided into two distinct layers: the outer core and the inner core. The outer core is a liquid layer that surrounds the solid inner core. The inner core is a solid, dense ball of metal that is about the size of the Moon. The core plays a crucial role in the Earth's magnetic field, which helps protect our planet from harmful solar radiation. The core also generates the heat that drives the movement of the Earth's tectonic plates, which causes earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Understanding the properties and behavior of the Earth's core is an important area of research in the field of geophysics.
Pregunta 7 Informe
In which of the following countries is cotton growing under irrigation the mainstay of the agricultural economy?
Detalles de la respuesta
Cotton growing under irrigation is the mainstay of the agricultural economy in Sudan. Sudan is one of the largest producers of cotton in Africa and the world, and cotton farming is a major part of its agricultural economy. The country has a long history of growing cotton, with the industry dating back to the early 20th century. Cotton farming in Sudan is mainly done under irrigation due to the arid climate in most parts of the country. The irrigated areas for cotton farming are mainly found in the central and eastern regions of the country, such as the Gezira Scheme, which is one of the largest irrigation projects in the world. Cotton is a major export commodity for Sudan, and the industry employs a significant portion of the country's population. The government has made efforts to promote and support the cotton industry, with initiatives such as providing subsidies to farmers and investing in research and development to improve cotton production and quality. In summary, cotton growing under irrigation is the mainstay of the agricultural economy in Sudan, due to its favorable climate for cotton farming, long history of cotton production, and significant export earnings from the cotton industry.
Pregunta 8 Informe
The feature marked X in the diagram is a ________
Detalles de la respuesta
A sea stack is a geological land form consisting of a steep and often vertical column of rock in the sea near a coast.,formed by wave erosion.
Pregunta 9 Informe
Dodoma is to Tanzania as ______ to Nigeria
Detalles de la respuesta
The answer is Abuja. Dodoma is the capital city of Tanzania, and similarly, Abuja is the capital city of Nigeria. Prior to Abuja, Lagos was the capital city of Nigeria. However, due to its rapidly growing population and other challenges, the government decided to move the capital to a more central location in the country, which is Abuja. Therefore, just as Dodoma serves as the political hub of Tanzania, Abuja serves as the political center of Nigeria.
Pregunta 10 Informe
A river transport its load through the following processes except_________
Detalles de la respuesta
The river transports its load through three main processes: solution, traction, and suspension. Plucking is not a process by which a river transports its load. Solution is the process by which the river dissolves soluble minerals such as calcium and transports them in solution. Traction is the process by which larger and heavier particles such as boulders and pebbles are rolled or dragged along the riverbed. Suspension is the process by which smaller and lighter particles such as silt and clay are carried along in the flowing water. Plucking, on the other hand, is a process by which glaciers transport their load. It occurs when the glacier freezes onto rocks and then plucks them out as the glacier moves. This process is not applicable to rivers as they do not have the capability to freeze onto rocks and pluck them out.
Pregunta 11 Informe
Which of the following is not a proof to show that the earth is spherical in shape?
Detalles de la respuesta
The option that is not a proof to show that the Earth is spherical in shape is "twilight and dawn." While sunrise, sunset, ships visibility, and lunar eclipse are all evidence that supports the idea that the Earth is a sphere, twilight and dawn are not necessarily proof of this shape. Twilight and dawn occur when the Sun is just below the horizon and its light is scattered by the Earth's atmosphere, creating a soft, diffuse light. While this phenomenon is consistent with the idea that the Earth is a sphere, it is not unique to this shape and could also occur on other types of celestial bodies. In contrast, sunrise and sunset occur because the Earth's spherical shape causes the Sun's light to be blocked from certain parts of the planet as it rotates on its axis. Ships visibility and lunar eclipses are also consistent with the idea that the Earth is a sphere because they demonstrate the way that a sphere can obstruct light and shadow.
Pregunta 12 Informe
A type of land-form that is associated with large scale orogeny is a
Detalles de la respuesta
A fold mountain is a type of land-form that is associated with large scale orogeny. In simple terms, orogeny is the process of mountain building, which occurs when two tectonic plates collide and push up the land between them. This process causes the rock layers to bend, fold and become uplifted, creating a fold mountain. Examples of fold mountains include the Rocky Mountains in North America and the Himalayas in Asia.
Pregunta 13 Informe
An instrument used for setting out right angle in surveying a parcel of land is
Detalles de la respuesta
Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, and science of determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them
Pregunta 14 Informe
How long does it take the mercury to make a complete revolution?
Detalles de la respuesta
The answer is 88 days. Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun, and it orbits around the Sun at a very fast pace. It takes approximately 88 Earth days for Mercury to make one complete orbit around the Sun. This means that Mercury completes about 4 orbits in the time it takes Earth to complete 1 orbit. Because of its fast orbit and close proximity to the Sun, Mercury experiences extreme temperature variations, with temperatures ranging from over 800 degrees Fahrenheit during the day to -290 degrees Fahrenheit at night.
Pregunta 15 Informe
The most extensive vegetation type in the area marked Z is the
Detalles de la respuesta
Pregunta 16 Informe
Which of the following is not a form of mass movement?
Detalles de la respuesta
The answer is "earthquake" as it is not a form of mass movement. Mass movement refers to the process by which large amounts of soil, rock, and other debris move down a slope under the influence of gravity. Landslides, rockslides, and talus creep are all examples of mass movement. An earthquake, on the other hand, is a sudden shaking of the earth's surface caused by the movement of tectonic plates. While earthquakes can cause landslides and other types of mass movement, the earthquake itself is not a form of mass movement. Instead, it is a geological event that can trigger mass movement in the surrounding area.
Pregunta 17 Informe
The difference between high tide and low tide is referred to as__________
Detalles de la respuesta
The difference between high tide and low tide is referred to as "tidal range". Tidal range is the vertical distance between the highest water level of a high tide and the lowest water level of a low tide. In other words, it is the difference in height between the highest and lowest water levels during a tidal cycle. Tidal range can vary depending on the location, the phase of the moon, and other factors such as weather conditions. It is an important measurement for activities such as boating, fishing, and coastal engineering, as well as for understanding and predicting the effects of sea level changes on coastlines.
Pregunta 18 Informe
The two most important factors which account for the pattern of population distribution in West Africa are
Detalles de la respuesta
Physical conditions determine the population distribution in Africa. The topography of an area, how favourable it is determine population distribution. People tend to move from a place to another if the condition is not favourable. Nomads for example move their cattles around for pastures to graze.
Pregunta 19 Informe
A desert country which has a high population density supported by irrigation is___________
Detalles de la respuesta
Egypt is a desert country which has a high population density supported by irrigation. Irrigation is the process of supplying water to crops and lands to help them grow. In Egypt, the Nile River provides water for irrigation, allowing agriculture to flourish and supporting the country's large population. This is why Egypt is considered a good example of a desert country with a high population density that is supported by irrigation.
Pregunta 21 Informe
Use the diagram below to answer the question. The feature is one of the landforms associated with
Detalles de la respuesta
The feature in the diagram is a sand dune, which is a landform associated with wind deposition. Sand dunes are formed when wind carries sand particles and deposits them in a particular location, creating a mound of sand. Over time, as the wind continues to blow, the sand dune may shift or change in shape. Sand dunes can be found in deserts, on beaches, and in other areas with high wind activity.
Pregunta 22 Informe
The feature is one or the land forms associated with_________
Detalles de la respuesta
The feature associated with river erosion is valleys. River erosion occurs when a river's fast-moving water cuts into its riverbed and banks, causing the river to widen and deepen over time. This process creates steep-sided valleys that are wider at the bottom than at the top. The riverbed and banks are constantly being reshaped by the erosive forces of the water, which carry away sediment and rocks. Over time, the river's course may change as it continues to erode and deposit material, carving new valleys and leaving behind a signature of its past path in the form of terraces.
Pregunta 23 Informe
A form of chemical weathering is__________
Detalles de la respuesta
The form of chemical weathering is carbonation. Carbonation is a type of chemical weathering that occurs when carbon dioxide from the air reacts with minerals in rocks to form new compounds. This reaction causes the minerals in the rock to dissolve and the rock to become weaker and eventually break down into smaller pieces. This process is important in the formation of soil, as it helps break down rocks and minerals into smaller particles that can be easily transported and mixed into the soil.
Pregunta 24 Informe
Lake Kivu and Malawi are related in that they_________
Detalles de la respuesta
Lake Kivu and Lake Malawi are related in that they are both rift valley lakes. A rift valley lake is a type of lake that forms in a depression or basin created by tectonic activity. In the case of these two lakes, they were formed as a result of the East African Rift, which is a large geological rift that stretches for thousands of kilometers through Eastern Africa. The two lakes are located in different parts of the rift, with Lake Kivu in the western branch and Lake Malawi in the southern branch, but they share a common geological origin.
Pregunta 25 Informe
The earth is enveloped by a mixture of gases referred to as the___________
Detalles de la respuesta
The answer is "atmosphere". The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. It is made up of a mixture of gases, including nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases. The atmosphere protects the Earth from the harmful radiation from the sun and helps to regulate the temperature of the planet. It is divided into several layers, including the troposphere (where weather occurs) and the stratosphere (where the ozone layer is located). The atmosphere is essential for life on Earth, as it provides the air we breathe and plays a crucial role in the Earth's water cycle.
Pregunta 26 Informe
Study the table given which shows the mean climatic conditions of station Q and answer the questions.
| Month | J | F | M | A | M | J | J | A | S | O | N | D |
| Temp(°C) | -11 | -9 | 4 | 3 | 12 | 17 | 19 | 17 | 11 | 4 | -2 | -8 |
| Precipitation(mm) | 28 | 23 | 30 | 38 | 48 | 51 | 71 | 74 | 56 | 36 | 41 | 41 |
| What type of climate has the station? | ||||||||||||
Detalles de la respuesta
Based on the given mean climatic conditions, the station has a "Cool Temperate" climate. This is because the average temperature during the warmest month (July) is 19°C, which is below the threshold for a "Warm Temperate" or "Mediterranean" climate. Additionally, the average temperature during the coldest month (January) is -11°C, which is characteristic of a "Cool Temperate" or "Cold Temperate" climate. The amount of precipitation throughout the year is moderate, with the wettest month being July with 71mm of rainfall.
Pregunta 27 Informe
Along which latitude will be the day time be longest on Christmas day?
Detalles de la respuesta
Pregunta 28 Informe
An alternative graphic method that can be used to depict the same information as a pie chart is the___________
Detalles de la respuesta
A choropleth map is a thematic map in which areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the measurement of the statistical variable being displayed on the map, such as population density or per-capita income.
Pregunta 29 Informe
The greatest volcanic regions of Africa are found in
Detalles de la respuesta
The greatest volcanic regions of Africa are found in two main areas: Kenya and Tanzania, and Sudan and Ethiopia. In Kenya and Tanzania, the Great Rift Valley runs through the region and is home to some of the most iconic volcanic features on the continent. The valley is characterized by a series of interconnected volcanoes, hot springs, geysers, and lakes. The most famous volcanic peaks in the area are Mount Kilimanjaro, Mount Kenya, and Mount Meru. In Sudan and Ethiopia, the East African Rift Valley also runs through the region and is another hotspot for volcanic activity. The valley is home to a number of active and dormant volcanoes, including Erta Ale, Nyiragongo, and Mount Karthala. In addition, the region is known for its geothermal activity, with numerous hot springs and geysers dotting the landscape. Both of these regions are characterized by their tectonic activity, with the movement of the Earth's crust leading to the formation of rift valleys, which in turn create the conditions for volcanic activity. The result is a stunning and unique landscape that draws visitors from all over the world.
Pregunta 30 Informe
Study the map and answer the question. Intervisibility is possible between the points marked X and Y because the intervening slope is
Detalles de la respuesta
Pregunta 31 Informe
Use the information given in the chart and answer the question. If the total population of the city is 500,000 what is the population of ward 4?
Detalles de la respuesta
Pregunta 32 Informe
A mercury barometer is used for measuring_________
Detalles de la respuesta
A mercury barometer is used for measuring atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure is the force exerted by the weight of air molecules in the atmosphere. It is an important parameter that affects weather patterns and other natural phenomena. A mercury barometer consists of a long glass tube filled with mercury and inverted into a dish of mercury. The mercury in the tube rises or falls depending on the atmospheric pressure. When the atmospheric pressure is high, the weight of the air above the barometer pushes down on the surface of the mercury in the dish, forcing the mercury in the tube to rise. Conversely, when the atmospheric pressure is low, the weight of the air above the barometer is less, and the mercury in the tube falls. By measuring the height of the mercury column in the tube, the atmospheric pressure can be determined. The standard unit of atmospheric pressure is the Pascal (Pa), but barometric pressure is often measured in units of millimeters of mercury (mmHg) or inches of mercury (inHg). In summary, a mercury barometer is a device used to measure atmospheric pressure by observing the height of a column of mercury in a glass tube.
Pregunta 33 Informe
Use the map below to answer the question. The major environmental problems associated with the area marked Y is
Detalles de la respuesta
Pregunta 34 Informe
Lines joining places of equal sunshine duration on maps are__________
Detalles de la respuesta
The lines joining places of equal sunshine duration on maps are called Isohel. Isohel is a type of contour line that connects all the points on a map that receive the same amount of sunlight in a given period, usually a day or a year. These lines are similar to contour lines on a topographic map that connect points of equal elevation. Isohels are used to show areas with similar amounts of sunshine and can be used to analyze patterns in climate and weather. For example, isohel maps can help identify areas with higher or lower amounts of sunlight and help to plan agriculture, solar power generation, and other activities that depend on sunlight.
Pregunta 35 Informe
Lines joining places with same mean annual rainfall are called___________
Detalles de la respuesta
Lines joining places with the same mean annual rainfall are called isohyets. Isohyets are lines drawn on a map connecting points that receive the same amount of rainfall in a year. The word "isohyet" comes from the Greek words "iso" meaning "equal" and "hyetos" meaning "rain". These lines help us understand the patterns and distribution of rainfall over a certain area, and can be useful for various purposes such as agriculture, water management, and meteorology.
Pregunta 36 Informe
In which of the following rock types is petroleum mainly found?
Detalles de la respuesta
Petroleum is mainly found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation and cementation of sediments, which can include organic matter such as dead plants and animals. Over time, this organic matter can become buried and subjected to heat and pressure, which can transform it into petroleum through a process called diagenesis. Petroleum is a fossil fuel that is composed of hydrocarbons, which are molecules made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms. The organic matter in sedimentary rocks that forms petroleum is usually derived from marine plants and animals that died and sank to the bottom of the ocean. Over time, these organic remains can be buried by layers of sediment, and the heat and pressure from the overlying rocks can cause them to be transformed into petroleum. While it is possible for petroleum to be found in other types of rocks, such as metamorphic rocks that have undergone extreme heat and pressure, sedimentary rocks are by far the most common type of rock that contains petroleum. This is because the process of petroleum formation requires the accumulation and burial of organic matter, which is most likely to occur in sedimentary environments such as oceans, lakes, and swamps.
Pregunta 37 Informe
Use the information given in the chart and answer the question. If the total population of the city is 500,000 what is the population of ward 4?
Detalles de la respuesta
Pregunta 38 Informe
What type of climate has the station___________
Detalles de la respuesta
Climate is the weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period.
Pregunta 39 Informe
One of the following does not determine the availability of resources in a country____________
Detalles de la respuesta
Evolution does not determine the availability of resources in a country. Evolution refers to the gradual changes in species over time through the process of natural selection. It has no direct effect on the availability of resources in a country. Population, emigration, and morbidity, on the other hand, can influence the availability of resources in a country. A large population can lead to increased demand for resources, while emigration can decrease the number of people using those resources. Morbidity, or the rate of illness and disease in a population, can also impact the availability of resources, as a large portion of the population may require medical attention and resources.
Pregunta 40 Informe
One basic mineral that is common to Sokoto, Ewekoro, Calabar and Nkalagu is
Detalles de la respuesta
The basic mineral that is common to Sokoto, Ewekoro, Calabar, and Nkalagu is limestone. Limestone is a sedimentary rock that is composed mainly of calcium carbonate, which is a mineral that is commonly found in the Earth's crust. It is a very versatile mineral that has a wide range of applications, including in the construction industry, as a raw material for cement production, and in agriculture as a soil conditioner. Sokoto, Ewekoro, Calabar, and Nkalagu are all regions in Nigeria that have abundant deposits of limestone. The limestone in these areas is of high quality and is a significant source of revenue for the local economy. It is usually mined from quarries and then processed into various forms for its different uses. Therefore, the basic mineral that is common to all these areas is limestone, which is an essential raw material for various industries and is vital for economic growth and development.
