JAMB UTME - Geography - 2018
Pregunta 1 Informe
Study the table given which shows the mean climatic conditions of station Q and answer the questions.
| Month | J | F | M | A | M | J | J | A | S | O | N | D |
| Temp(°C) | -11 | -9 | 4 | 3 | 12 | 17 | 19 | 17 | 11 | 4 | -2 | -8 |
| Precipitation(mm) | 28 | 23 | 30 | 38 | 48 | 51 | 71 | 74 | 56 | 36 | 41 | 41 |
| What type of climate has the station? | ||||||||||||
Detalles de la respuesta
Based on the given mean climatic conditions, the station has a "Cool Temperate" climate. This is because the average temperature during the warmest month (July) is 19°C, which is below the threshold for a "Warm Temperate" or "Mediterranean" climate. Additionally, the average temperature during the coldest month (January) is -11°C, which is characteristic of a "Cool Temperate" or "Cold Temperate" climate. The amount of precipitation throughout the year is moderate, with the wettest month being July with 71mm of rainfall.
Pregunta 2 Informe
The most extensive vegetation type in the area marked Z is the
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Pregunta 3 Informe
A type of land-form that is associated with large scale orogeny is a
Detalles de la respuesta
A fold mountain is a type of land-form that is associated with large scale orogeny. In simple terms, orogeny is the process of mountain building, which occurs when two tectonic plates collide and push up the land between them. This process causes the rock layers to bend, fold and become uplifted, creating a fold mountain. Examples of fold mountains include the Rocky Mountains in North America and the Himalayas in Asia.
Pregunta 4 Informe
In which of the following countries is cotton growing under irrigation the mainstay of the agricultural economy?
Detalles de la respuesta
Cotton growing under irrigation is the mainstay of the agricultural economy in Sudan. Sudan is one of the largest producers of cotton in Africa and the world, and cotton farming is a major part of its agricultural economy. The country has a long history of growing cotton, with the industry dating back to the early 20th century. Cotton farming in Sudan is mainly done under irrigation due to the arid climate in most parts of the country. The irrigated areas for cotton farming are mainly found in the central and eastern regions of the country, such as the Gezira Scheme, which is one of the largest irrigation projects in the world. Cotton is a major export commodity for Sudan, and the industry employs a significant portion of the country's population. The government has made efforts to promote and support the cotton industry, with initiatives such as providing subsidies to farmers and investing in research and development to improve cotton production and quality. In summary, cotton growing under irrigation is the mainstay of the agricultural economy in Sudan, due to its favorable climate for cotton farming, long history of cotton production, and significant export earnings from the cotton industry.
Pregunta 5 Informe
A river transport its load through the following processes except_________
Detalles de la respuesta
The river transports its load through three main processes: solution, traction, and suspension. Plucking is not a process by which a river transports its load. Solution is the process by which the river dissolves soluble minerals such as calcium and transports them in solution. Traction is the process by which larger and heavier particles such as boulders and pebbles are rolled or dragged along the riverbed. Suspension is the process by which smaller and lighter particles such as silt and clay are carried along in the flowing water. Plucking, on the other hand, is a process by which glaciers transport their load. It occurs when the glacier freezes onto rocks and then plucks them out as the glacier moves. This process is not applicable to rivers as they do not have the capability to freeze onto rocks and pluck them out.
Pregunta 6 Informe
The oldest system of agriculture in Nigeria which now survives only in very remote areas is
Detalles de la respuesta
The oldest system of agriculture in Nigeria which now survives only in very remote areas is shifting cultivation, also known as slash-and-burn agriculture. Shifting cultivation involves cutting down a patch of forest or woodland, burning the vegetation, and planting crops in the ash-enriched soil. Farmers would use the land for a few years until the soil fertility decreases, then abandon it and move to a new area, leaving the old area to regenerate into forest or woodland. This practice was sustainable when population densities were low and farmers had access to vast areas of land. However, with the growth of population and increased pressure on land, shifting cultivation has become less sustainable, leading to soil degradation, deforestation, and loss of biodiversity. Today, shifting cultivation survives only in very remote areas, where population densities are still low and access to land is not restricted.
Pregunta 7 Informe
Use the map below to answer the question. The most important minerals found in the area marked X are
Detalles de la respuesta
Pregunta 8 Informe
Soil conservation can be achieved through___________-
Detalles de la respuesta
Soil conservation is the preventing of soil loss from erosion or reduced fertility caused by over usage, acidification, salinization or other chemical soil contamination
Pregunta 9 Informe
How long does it take the mercury to make a complete revolution?
Detalles de la respuesta
The answer is 88 days. Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun, and it orbits around the Sun at a very fast pace. It takes approximately 88 Earth days for Mercury to make one complete orbit around the Sun. This means that Mercury completes about 4 orbits in the time it takes Earth to complete 1 orbit. Because of its fast orbit and close proximity to the Sun, Mercury experiences extreme temperature variations, with temperatures ranging from over 800 degrees Fahrenheit during the day to -290 degrees Fahrenheit at night.
Pregunta 10 Informe
A mercury barometer is used for measuring_________
Detalles de la respuesta
A mercury barometer is used for measuring atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure is the force exerted by the weight of air molecules in the atmosphere. It is an important parameter that affects weather patterns and other natural phenomena. A mercury barometer consists of a long glass tube filled with mercury and inverted into a dish of mercury. The mercury in the tube rises or falls depending on the atmospheric pressure. When the atmospheric pressure is high, the weight of the air above the barometer pushes down on the surface of the mercury in the dish, forcing the mercury in the tube to rise. Conversely, when the atmospheric pressure is low, the weight of the air above the barometer is less, and the mercury in the tube falls. By measuring the height of the mercury column in the tube, the atmospheric pressure can be determined. The standard unit of atmospheric pressure is the Pascal (Pa), but barometric pressure is often measured in units of millimeters of mercury (mmHg) or inches of mercury (inHg). In summary, a mercury barometer is a device used to measure atmospheric pressure by observing the height of a column of mercury in a glass tube.
Pregunta 11 Informe
Use the map below to answer the question. The major environmental problems associated with the area marked Y is
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Pregunta 13 Informe
Use the diagram below to answer the question. The feature marked X in the diagram is a
Detalles de la respuesta
The feature marked X in the diagram is a cliff. A cliff is a high and steep rock face or earth surface that drops abruptly from a higher to a lower level. It can also be defined as a steep slope or vertical surface, especially one at the edge of a body of water like the ocean or a lake. The diagram shows a rocky surface that slopes down dramatically towards the water, which is a clear indication that it is a cliff.
Pregunta 14 Informe
One of the following does not determine the availability of resources in a country____________
Detalles de la respuesta
Evolution does not determine the availability of resources in a country. Evolution refers to the gradual changes in species over time through the process of natural selection. It has no direct effect on the availability of resources in a country. Population, emigration, and morbidity, on the other hand, can influence the availability of resources in a country. A large population can lead to increased demand for resources, while emigration can decrease the number of people using those resources. Morbidity, or the rate of illness and disease in a population, can also impact the availability of resources, as a large portion of the population may require medical attention and resources.
Pregunta 15 Informe
The feature is one or the land forms associated with_________
Detalles de la respuesta
The feature associated with river erosion is valleys. River erosion occurs when a river's fast-moving water cuts into its riverbed and banks, causing the river to widen and deepen over time. This process creates steep-sided valleys that are wider at the bottom than at the top. The riverbed and banks are constantly being reshaped by the erosive forces of the water, which carry away sediment and rocks. Over time, the river's course may change as it continues to erode and deposit material, carving new valleys and leaving behind a signature of its past path in the form of terraces.
Pregunta 16 Informe
The peeling off of surface layers of a rounded boulders during mechanical weathering is called________
Detalles de la respuesta
The peeling off of surface layers of a rounded boulder during mechanical weathering is called exfoliation. Exfoliation is a type of mechanical weathering process that occurs when layers of rock or boulder peel off from the surface due to pressure release. The process usually occurs in rocks that have been exposed to intense heat, pressure, and other environmental factors for a long time. As a result of these factors, the rock expands and contracts repeatedly, causing the surface layers to crack and break apart. Over time, these cracks become wider, and the layers begin to peel off, revealing the smooth and rounded boulder underneath. Exfoliation is often seen in granitic rocks, where the outer layers peel off to form concentric layers resembling an onion. The process can also occur in other rock types such as sandstone and shale. Overall, exfoliation is an important geological process that contributes to the breakdown and erosion of rocks over time, shaping the landscape around us.
Pregunta 17 Informe
Study the table given which shows the mean climatic conditions of station Q and answer the questions.
| Month | J | F | M | A | M | J | J | A | S | O | N | D | |
| Temp(°C) | -11 | -9 | 4 | 3 | 12 | 17 | 19 | 17 | 11 | 4 | -2 | -8 | |
| Precipitation(mm) | 28 | 23 | 30 | 38 | 48 | 51 | 71 | 74 | 56 | 36 | 41 | 41 | |
| The annual temperature range at the station is | |||||||||||||
Detalles de la respuesta
The annual temperature range at station Q is calculated as the difference between the highest and the lowest temperature recorded in a year. The highest temperature recorded at the station in the given table is 19°C and the lowest temperature recorded is -11°C. Hence, the annual temperature range at the station Q is 19°C - (-11°C) = 30°C. So, the answer is 30°C.
Pregunta 18 Informe
If the distance between two places on a map is 2cm, while the distance on land is 4km, the scale of the map is
Detalles de la respuesta
The scale of a map is the ratio of the distance on the map to the actual distance on land. It is usually written as a fraction, like 1:100,000, where the first number represents the distance on the map and the second number represents the corresponding distance on land. To find the scale of the map in question, we need to divide the actual distance on land (4km) by the distance on the map (2cm). First, we need to convert 4 km to cm: 4 km = 4 x 10^3 m = 4 x 10^3 x 100 cm = 4 x 10^5 cm Now, we divide the actual distance on land (4 x 10^5 cm) by the distance on the map (2 cm): (4 x 10^5 cm) / (2 cm) = 2 x 10^5 So the scale of the map is 1 : 2 x 10^5, which is equivalent to 1:200,000.
Pregunta 19 Informe
Fluid basic lava flow is likely to give rise to a volcanic_____________
Detalles de la respuesta
A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
Pregunta 20 Informe
Lake Kivu and Malawi are related in that they_________
Detalles de la respuesta
Lake Kivu and Lake Malawi are related in that they are both rift valley lakes. A rift valley lake is a type of lake that forms in a depression or basin created by tectonic activity. In the case of these two lakes, they were formed as a result of the East African Rift, which is a large geological rift that stretches for thousands of kilometers through Eastern Africa. The two lakes are located in different parts of the rift, with Lake Kivu in the western branch and Lake Malawi in the southern branch, but they share a common geological origin.
Pregunta 21 Informe
Study the map and answer the question. The land-form feature at the centre of the map can best be described as
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Pregunta 22 Informe
When the moon comes in between the earth and the sun________
Detalles de la respuesta
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon comes between the earth and the sun. During a solar eclipse, the moon blocks the sun's light and casts a shadow on the earth. This causes a temporary darkness in the middle of the day and is a spectacular sight to see. Solar eclipses can only happen during a full moon and are relatively rare events. They occur because the moon and the sun are exactly in line with the earth and the moon's shadow falls on the earth.
Pregunta 23 Informe
A desert country which has a high population density supported by irrigation is___________
Detalles de la respuesta
Egypt is a desert country which has a high population density supported by irrigation. Irrigation is the process of supplying water to crops and lands to help them grow. In Egypt, the Nile River provides water for irrigation, allowing agriculture to flourish and supporting the country's large population. This is why Egypt is considered a good example of a desert country with a high population density that is supported by irrigation.
Pregunta 24 Informe
Use the information given in the chart and answer the question. If the total population of the city is 500,000 what is the population of ward 4?
Detalles de la respuesta
Pregunta 25 Informe
A well will always contain water if its dug_________
Detalles de la respuesta
The sans bearing water or the acquifier is a body of permeable rock which can contain or transmit water. The body (acquifier) is generally a rock with permeability and porosity. They can hold water and provide sufficient rate. If a well is drilled, one does not always get water unless the acquifier is reached
Pregunta 26 Informe
Use the diagram below to answer the question. The feature is one of the landforms associated with
Detalles de la respuesta
The feature in the diagram is a sand dune, which is a landform associated with wind deposition. Sand dunes are formed when wind carries sand particles and deposits them in a particular location, creating a mound of sand. Over time, as the wind continues to blow, the sand dune may shift or change in shape. Sand dunes can be found in deserts, on beaches, and in other areas with high wind activity.
Pregunta 27 Informe
Study the map and answer the question. Given that the area show on the map is in Northern Nigeria, which of the following crop combinations would best be cultivated in the area that is liable to flooding
Detalles de la respuesta
Pregunta 28 Informe
In which of the following rock types is petroleum mainly found?
Detalles de la respuesta
Petroleum is mainly found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation and cementation of sediments, which can include organic matter such as dead plants and animals. Over time, this organic matter can become buried and subjected to heat and pressure, which can transform it into petroleum through a process called diagenesis. Petroleum is a fossil fuel that is composed of hydrocarbons, which are molecules made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms. The organic matter in sedimentary rocks that forms petroleum is usually derived from marine plants and animals that died and sank to the bottom of the ocean. Over time, these organic remains can be buried by layers of sediment, and the heat and pressure from the overlying rocks can cause them to be transformed into petroleum. While it is possible for petroleum to be found in other types of rocks, such as metamorphic rocks that have undergone extreme heat and pressure, sedimentary rocks are by far the most common type of rock that contains petroleum. This is because the process of petroleum formation requires the accumulation and burial of organic matter, which is most likely to occur in sedimentary environments such as oceans, lakes, and swamps.
Pregunta 29 Informe
One of the following is associated with wind deflation in arid region_________
Detalles de la respuesta
Deflation is an action of wind when it picks up or remove loose particles from an area and leaves a denuded surface covered with coarse material too large for wind transport. The most noticeable results of deflation in some places are shallow depressions called blowouts
Pregunta 30 Informe
Which of the following is not a form of mass movement?
Detalles de la respuesta
The answer is "earthquake" as it is not a form of mass movement. Mass movement refers to the process by which large amounts of soil, rock, and other debris move down a slope under the influence of gravity. Landslides, rockslides, and talus creep are all examples of mass movement. An earthquake, on the other hand, is a sudden shaking of the earth's surface caused by the movement of tectonic plates. While earthquakes can cause landslides and other types of mass movement, the earthquake itself is not a form of mass movement. Instead, it is a geological event that can trigger mass movement in the surrounding area.
Pregunta 31 Informe
The system of cultivation of tropical commercial crops estates is known as____________
Detalles de la respuesta
The system of cultivation of tropical commercial crops estates is known as plantation agriculture. Plantation agriculture refers to a large-scale farming system where a single crop is grown on a large piece of land, usually in tropical countries. This type of agriculture is characterized by the use of large amounts of land, labor, and capital to cultivate crops such as rubber, sugar, coffee, cocoa, and tea. These crops are grown for commercial purposes, and the aim is to produce large quantities of a single product for export. The crops are typically grown in monoculture, which means that only one type of crop is grown in a particular area. This type of agriculture is often associated with the exploitation of workers, environmental degradation, and social and economic inequality.
Pregunta 32 Informe
The dominant foreign exchange earner of Senegal is
Detalles de la respuesta
The dominant foreign exchange earner of Senegal is groundnut. Groundnut, also known as peanut, is one of the main agricultural crops grown in Senegal. It is a versatile crop that can be used for food, oil, and animal feed. Groundnuts are an important source of income for many farmers in Senegal, and the country is one of the largest producers of groundnuts in Africa. The export of groundnuts is a significant source of foreign exchange for Senegal. The country exports groundnuts to various international markets, including Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. In addition to groundnuts, Senegal also exports other agricultural products such as fish, fruits, and vegetables, as well as textiles and chemicals. However, groundnuts remain the main foreign exchange earner for the country.
Pregunta 33 Informe
'It is universal and can reach almost every where'. Which transport mode is being referred to ?
Detalles de la respuesta
The transport mode that is being referred to as universal and can reach almost everywhere is the road transport. Road transport refers to the movement of people, goods, or materials on roads using vehicles such as cars, buses, trucks, and motorcycles. The road network is extensive and well-developed in most parts of the world, making it possible for vehicles to reach even the most remote areas. Road transport is flexible and can adapt to different types of cargo, from small packages to large containers. It can also accommodate different types of trips, from short local trips to long-distance journeys. This versatility makes it an important mode of transport for both personal and commercial use. Overall, road transport is a crucial component of modern transportation systems and plays a significant role in the economy and daily life of people around the world.
Pregunta 34 Informe
Latitude 66 and half marks the____________
Detalles de la respuesta
Latitude 66 and a half (66.5) marks the Arctic Circle. The Arctic Circle is an imaginary line that circles the Earth at approximately 66.5 degrees latitude, which is located in the northern hemisphere. This line marks the southernmost point at which the sun can remain continuously above or below the horizon for a full 24 hours, depending on the time of year. Therefore, if you are at a location with latitude 66.5 degrees or higher, it means that you are within the Arctic Circle and can experience the phenomenon of the midnight sun during the summer solstice, where the sun remains above the horizon for a full 24 hours. In contrast, during the winter solstice, the sun will not rise above the horizon at all, resulting in 24 hours of darkness. Hence, the correct answer is: - Arctic Circle
Pregunta 35 Informe
How were the major mountain belts of the world produced?
Detalles de la respuesta
The major mountain belts of the world were produced by a geological process known as "folding". Over millions of years, immense pressure from tectonic plates caused rocks in the Earth's crust to buckle and fold, resulting in the formation of mountain ranges. This process is often associated with the collision of two tectonic plates, which can create enormous forces that push and compress rocks together, causing them to fold and uplift into mountains. Unlike weathering or wind erosion, which wear down and erode mountains over time, folding is a constructive process that builds mountains up. While rivers and other natural forces can contribute to the formation of mountains, they are generally not the primary cause of major mountain belts. Instead, the formation of mountain ranges is primarily driven by the slow but powerful movements of the Earth's tectonic plates over long periods of time.
Pregunta 36 Informe
An instrument used for setting out right angle in surveying a parcel of land is
Detalles de la respuesta
Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, and science of determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them
Pregunta 37 Informe
The two most important factors which account for the pattern of population distribution in West Africa are
Detalles de la respuesta
Physical conditions determine the population distribution in Africa. The topography of an area, how favourable it is determine population distribution. People tend to move from a place to another if the condition is not favourable. Nomads for example move their cattles around for pastures to graze.
Pregunta 38 Informe
An alternative graphic method that can be used to depict the same information as a pie chart is the___________
Detalles de la respuesta
A choropleth map is a thematic map in which areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the measurement of the statistical variable being displayed on the map, such as population density or per-capita income.
Pregunta 39 Informe
Which of the following rocks is composed of the skeletons of microscopic sea plants and animals?
Detalles de la respuesta
The rock composed of the skeletons of microscopic sea plants and animals is called "Chalk". Chalk is a soft, white, porous sedimentary rock that is formed from the remains of tiny marine organisms called coccolithophores. These microscopic creatures have hard shells made of calcium carbonate, and when they die, their shells accumulate on the ocean floor. Over time, these accumulations can become compressed and cemented together, forming the soft rock we know as chalk. Chalk is often found in areas that were once covered by shallow seas, such as in the cliffs of southern England. It has many uses, including as a writing surface, in construction, and as a natural fertilizer. Its softness and white color also make it a popular material for art, such as in the creation of chalk drawings.
Pregunta 40 Informe
Study the map and answer the question. Intervisibility is possible between the points marked X and Y because the intervening slope is
Detalles de la respuesta
