JAMB UTME - Islamic Religious Studies - 2018

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The importance of the Hadith lies in the fact that it supplements the Qu'ran and serves as a second source of Islamic law. The Hadith contains the teachings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW), which were not included in the Qu'ran. By studying the Hadith, Muslims can gain a deeper understanding of Islamic beliefs and practices, as well as guidance on how to live a virtuous life. Additionally, the Hadith provides reliable information on the biography of the Prophet (SAW), including his character, habits, and sayings. Although the Hadith was not officially collected by Muslim Caliphs, it was recorded and collected in some authentic Hadith collections that have been extensively studied and analyzed by Islamic scholars.

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The place where the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) started receiving the revelations of the Quran is referred to as the Cave of Hira. This cave is located on a mountain named Jabal al-Nour (Mountain of Light) near the city of Makkah in Saudi Arabia. It was in this cave that the angel Gabriel first appeared to the Prophet and conveyed to him the divine message of the Quran. The Prophet used to spend much of his time in this cave in contemplation and prayer before he was called upon to convey the message of Islam to the people. The Cave of Hira is considered a sacred site by Muslims and is frequently visited by pilgrims who perform a hike to the cave to pay their respects and offer prayers.

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The migration of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) from Mecca to Medina was called the "Hijrah". The Hijrah marks an important event in Islamic history and is considered to be the beginning of the Islamic calendar. The Hijrah occurred in 622 CE when the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and his followers were forced to leave Mecca due to persecution and migrated to Medina, where they were welcomed by the people. The journey was not easy, and the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) faced many challenges and dangers along the way. The Hijrah is significant because it marked the establishment of the first Islamic state in Medina, and it also served as a turning point in the spread of Islam.

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The purification performed in the absence of water is called "Tayammum". Tayammum is a ritual purification method used in Islam when water is not available or its use may cause harm. It involves using clean earth or dust to cleanse oneself before prayer or other religious activities. To perform tayammum, a person must strike the earth with their hands and then wipe their face and hands with the dust. The process is done with the intention of purifying oneself and seeking closeness to God. Tayammum is a practical solution for Muslims who may find themselves in a situation where water is scarce or unavailable, such as when traveling or in a desert environment. It allows them to maintain their purity and perform their religious duties.

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A pilgrim circumambulates around the Kaaba seven times during the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimage. The Kaaba is a cubic-shaped structure located at the center of the Grand Mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. It is considered the most sacred site in Islam, and Muslims around the world face towards it during their daily prayers. Circumambulation, or Tawaf, is a ritual where the pilgrims walk around the Kaaba in a counter-clockwise direction. During the Hajj and Umrah, pilgrims perform Tawaf seven times, which is also known as Tawaf Al-Qudum or Tawaf Al-Ziyarah. The seven rounds of Tawaf symbolize the unity and oneness of Allah and are considered to be a reenactment of the angels' circling around the throne of Allah. It is also a physical manifestation of the Muslim's submission to Allah and a reminder of the Day of Judgment, where all people will circle around Allah. Overall, Tawaf is an essential and spiritual act of worship for Muslims and an integral part of the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimage.

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The holy book given to Prophet Muhammad (SAW) was Al-Quran. The Quran is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be the word of Allah (God) revealed to Prophet Muhammad (SAW) through the angel Gabriel over a period of 23 years. It consists of 114 chapters or surahs, and is considered to be the final and complete revelation from God to humanity. The other options listed are also holy books mentioned in the Quran, but they were revealed to other prophets before Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and are not the holy book given specifically to him.

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The Prophet Muhammad (SAW) passed away in the year 632 C.E. This is a well-established fact in Islamic history and is widely accepted by Muslim scholars and historians. The exact date of his death is the 12th of Rabi' al-Awwal, which is the third month in the Islamic lunar calendar. The year 610 C.E. marks the beginning of the Prophet's revelation when he received the first verses of the Quran from the Angel Gabriel. This event is known as the Night of Power or Laylat al-Qadr in Arabic. Therefore, it is not the year of his death. On the other hand, the years 519 C.E. and 517 C.E. are not relevant to the Prophet's life or death, as they are many years before his birth.

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The seal of all the prophets was Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.). This means that he was the last prophet sent by God to guide humanity, and that his message and teachings are meant to be followed until the end of time. Muslims believe that Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) was the final prophet because his message was complete and comprehensive, and because he was sent as a mercy to all of humanity. The concept of the seal of the prophets is an important tenet of Islamic belief and is mentioned in the Quran.

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The first young person to accept Islam was Ali ibn Abi Talib. Ali was the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad, and he was raised in the same household as the Prophet. He was only about ten years old when he accepted Islam, which makes him one of the earliest converts to the faith. Ali was present with the Prophet during many of the key events in the early history of Islam. He was among the small group of Muslims who migrated from Mecca to Medina with the Prophet, and he played a key role in many of the early battles of Islam. Ali was known for his bravery and his devotion to the faith, and he is revered as one of the most important figures in Islamic history. Although Umar ibn Khattab is often cited as one of the early converts to Islam, he actually converted several years after Ali. Muawiyah and Uthman were also early converts, but they were not among the first.

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The Subh prayer, also known as the Fajr prayer, contains 2 obligatory ra'kahs. A ra'kah is a unit of prayer that consists of a combination of physical movements, recitation of verses from the Quran, and personal supplication to God. In Islam, the prayers are performed five times a day, and each prayer has a specific number of ra'kahs. The Subh prayer is performed before sunrise and consists of two ra'kahs.

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Before the advent of Islam, the religion of the Arabs was primarily idol worshiping. They believed in many gods and goddesses, and worshipped them through rituals and sacrifices. These idols were housed in a structure called the Kaaba in Mecca, which was considered a sacred site for pilgrims. While there were also communities of Christians and Jews in the region, they were in the minority and did not represent the dominant religious practices of the time.

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The early Muslims of Madinah were known as the Ansar. The term "Ansar" comes from the Arabic word "nusr" which means "to help" or "to support". When Prophet Muhammad migrated from Makkah to Madinah, he found a group of people there who were willing to support him and the Muslim community. These people were known as the Ansar, or the "helpers". They provided the Muslims with shelter, food, and protection, and helped them establish a strong and stable community in Madinah. The Ansar played a vital role in the early Islamic community, and their support and contribution were greatly appreciated by Prophet Muhammad and the Muslims. They were considered to be among the most loyal and devoted followers of Islam, and their example continues to inspire Muslims to this day.

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The four revealed books mentioned in the Qu'ran are the Injil, Tawrah, Zaburah, and Qu'ran. - The Injil (Gospel) is the book that was revealed to Prophet Jesus (peace be upon him) and it contained the guidance for the followers of Prophet Jesus. - The Tawrah (Torah) is the book that was revealed to Prophet Moses (peace be upon him) and it contains the guidance for the followers of Prophet Moses. - The Zaburah (Psalms) is the book that was revealed to Prophet David (peace be upon him) and it contains the guidance for the followers of Prophet David. - The Qu'ran is the final and complete book of guidance revealed to the last Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) for the entire humanity. All of these books were revealed by Allah (God) and they contain guidance and teachings for the believers to live a righteous life and to achieve success in this world and the hereafter.

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The first woman to accept Islam was Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, the first wife of the Prophet Muhammad. Khadijah was a wealthy and successful businesswoman who was known for her intelligence, kindness, and generosity. When the Prophet Muhammad received his first revelation from God, he was scared and unsure of what had happened. Khadijah comforted him and believed in him when others did not. She embraced Islam without hesitation, becoming the first Muslim convert and supporter of the Prophet Muhammad. Khadijah's unwavering faith and support were crucial to the early growth and success of the Muslim community.

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The shortest surah in the Quran is Suratul Kawthar. This surah has only three verses and is the 108th chapter of the Quran. The word "Kawthar" means abundance or plenty, and the surah speaks about the great blessings that Allah has bestowed upon the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). In this surah, Allah consoles the Prophet after he had lost his infant son and was mocked by his enemies for having no male heir. Allah reminds him that he has been given abundant goodness and blessings that will continue to flow for generations to come. The surah also warns those who oppose the Prophet that they will be cut off from goodness and blessings. Although it is a short surah, it carries a powerful message about the blessings and bounty of Allah and the importance of remaining steadfast in the face of adversity.

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The number of Muslims in the battle of Badr was indeed 313. On the other hand, the size of the Makkah force was around 1,000. The Battle of Badr was fought in the year 624 AD between the Muslims of Medina and the polytheists of Makkah. The Makkah force consisted of several prominent figures of the Quraysh tribe, along with their soldiers and camels. They had come to intercept the Muslim caravan that was returning from a trading journey to Syria. On the other hand, the Muslim army, which was commanded by Prophet Muhammad, had only 313 soldiers with limited weapons and resources. Despite being outnumbered, the Muslims achieved a decisive victory over the Makkah force. This battle proved to be a significant turning point for the Muslims, as it boosted their morale and paved the way for their future successes.

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"Khulafahar Rashidun" refers to the first four Caliphs of Islam who ruled after the death of the Prophet Muhammad. The term "Khulafah" means "successors" or "Caliphs" and "Rashidun" means "rightly guided." The Khulafahar Rashidun are Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali. They are considered to be the "rightly guided" Caliphs because they were chosen based on their piety, wisdom, and dedication to the teachings of Islam. They established a just and prosperous Muslim society during their rule, which lasted from 632 to 661 CE. The term "Khulafahar Rashidun" is used to honor their legacy and to emphasize the importance of their leadership in the history of Islam.

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The verse "Fasalli il-rabbika wani har" is from Surah Al-Kawthar, which is the 108th chapter of the Quran. This surah is one of the shortest chapters of the Quran and consists of only three verses. The verse in question is the second verse of Surah Al-Kawthar, and it translates to "So pray to your Lord and sacrifice [to Him alone]." The surah was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) at a time when he was facing opposition and ridicule from his enemies. The revelation of this surah was a reassurance to the Prophet that he had been blessed with abundant good, and that he should remain steadfast in his devotion to Allah and continue to perform good deeds. The verse "Fasalli il-rabbika wani har" is a call to prayer and sacrifice, emphasizing the importance of worshiping Allah and performing acts of kindness towards others. In summary, the verse "Fasalli il-rabbika wani har" is from Surah Al-Kawthar, which is the 108th chapter of the Quran. This verse emphasizes the importance of prayer and sacrifice, and encourages Muslims to remain steadfast in their devotion to Allah, especially in times of difficulty.

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There is no single, definitive answer to the exact number of prophets mentioned in the Quran. Different scholars have suggested different numbers, but most estimates fall in the range of 25-30 prophets explicitly named in the Quran. Some scholars also suggest that there are additional prophets mentioned in the Quran whose names are not explicitly given, which could increase the total number of prophets to as many as 124,000 according to a Hadith, or saying of the Prophet Muhammad. However, the exact number is not as important as the message that the Quran conveys through these prophets, which is the call to worship and obey Allah, to follow His guidance, and to live a righteous and just life.

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The revelation of the Qu'ran took a period of 23 years. The Qu'ran is considered to be the holy book of Islam and is believed by Muslims to be the word of God as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. According to Islamic tradition, the revelations began when Muhammad was 40 years old and continued until his death at the age of 63. During this time, the revelations were recorded and later compiled into the book known as the Qu'ran.

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The first man created by Allah in Islamic belief is called Adam (ASW). According to the Quran, Allah created Adam (ASW) from clay and breathed life into him. Adam (ASW) was the first prophet and was given the responsibility to cultivate the earth and worship Allah. He was also given a wife named Hawwa (Eve), and together they were the parents of all human beings. The story of Adam (ASW) is an important one in Islamic belief, as it emphasizes the concept of Tawheed, or the oneness of Allah. It also highlights the importance of obedience to Allah's commands and the consequences of disobedience. According to Islamic belief, Adam (ASW) and Hawwa were initially placed in Jannah (Paradise), but were later expelled due to their disobedience of Allah's command not to eat from a certain tree. This story serves as a reminder to believers to always obey Allah and avoid sin.

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According to Islamic belief, a Muslim man who hits his leg against a stone and turns back because he thinks he is unlucky would not believe in magic, witchcraft, or superstition. Instead, he would believe in Allah. In Islam, everything that happens is believed to be the will of Allah, and Muslims are taught to have faith in Allah's plan and trust that everything happens for a reason. Believing in magic, witchcraft, or superstition goes against the principles of Islamic faith, which is based on monotheism and the belief in one all-powerful and all-knowing God. So, if a Muslim man believes that hitting his leg against a stone and turning back is a sign of bad luck, it would not be because he believes in superstition, but rather because he believes that this event was ultimately caused by Allah's will.

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Muslims are required to pay Zakat once a year. Zakat is a form of alms-giving and is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. It is a mandatory act of charity for all Muslims who meet the criteria of wealth, and it is calculated based on their assets and savings. The purpose of Zakat is to purify one's wealth and to help those in need, such as the poor and needy. The payment of Zakat is seen as a way to balance one's material wealth with spiritual values and to promote social justice.

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Tawaful Wadai refers to the "Farewell Circumambulation" or "Tawaf Al-Wida" in Islam. It is the final act of worship performed by pilgrims who are about to leave Makkah after completing the Hajj or Umrah. During the Tawaful Wadai, the pilgrims perform seven circuits around the Kaaba, just as they did during the Tawaf Al-Qudum when they arrived in Makkah. However, the Tawaful Wadai is performed with a sense of sadness and a farewell to the holy city of Makkah. The Tawaful Wadai is an important ritual in Islam, and its performance signifies the completion of the pilgrimage to Makkah. It is believed that the pilgrim's sins are forgiven upon the completion of this act of worship.

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The pre-Islamic period is known as "Jahiliyyah." Jahiliyyah is an Arabic term that means "ignorance" or "barbarism." This period is also known as the "Age of Ignorance" because the Arabs of that time were considered to be living in a state of ignorance due to their lack of knowledge and understanding of religion, ethics, and culture. During the Jahiliyyah period, the Arab society was polytheistic and worshiped multiple gods and goddesses. They also practiced various customs and traditions, including idol worship, female infanticide, and tribal warfare. Poetry and storytelling were highly valued, and the Arabs were renowned for their oral tradition. Islam emerged during this period, and it was a revolutionary movement that challenged the traditional beliefs and practices of the Arabs. The message of Islam emphasized the oneness of God and the importance of social justice, equality, and compassion. Islam brought an end to the era of Jahiliyyah and ushered in a new era of enlightenment and progress for the Arabs.

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