WAEC SSCE - Christian Religious Studies - 2017

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One of the four rivers in the Garden of Eden, as described in the biblical book of Genesis, was the Tigris. The Tigris is a river located in Western Asia, and it flows through the countries of Turkey, Iraq, and Syria. It is one of the two rivers that make up the Tigris-Euphrates river system and has played a significant role in the development of civilization in the region. In the Bible, the Tigris is mentioned as one of the four rivers that flowed out of the Garden of Eden, and it is considered a sacred body of water by many religious groups.

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Moses' miracles among the Hebrews after his call were meant to convince Pharaoh of Yahweh's supremacy. This means that the miracles performed by Moses, such as turning his staff into a serpent and parting the Red Sea, were meant to demonstrate to Pharaoh and the Egyptians the power and superiority of Yahweh, the God of the Israelites. The miracles were meant to persuade Pharaoh to release the Israelites from slavery and to recognize Yahweh as the one true God.

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The reason why Peter called on Christians not to retaliate is because vengeance belongs to God. In other words, Christians are not supposed to take revenge into their own hands but to leave it to God to handle. Peter encouraged Christians to follow the example of Jesus, who patiently bore his own persecutions without retaliation, knowing that God would ultimately bring justice. Christians are called to trust in God's justice and to show love and forgiveness to their enemies, rather than seeking revenge.

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Herod's expectation in receiving Jesus for a trial was to punish Jesus. Herod was a king and wanted to show his power and authority over the people. He saw Jesus as a threat to his rule, and wanted to put an end to his influence by punishing him. This is why he wanted to put Jesus on trial and potentially sentence him to a punishment such as imprisonment or execution.

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Simon Peter was reluctant in obeying Jesus' instruction to fish again because their night's toil was fruitless. This means that they had been fishing all night and had caught nothing, so Peter was discouraged and didn't want to waste more time and effort fishing again.

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The part of the temple connected with Jesus' temptation was the pinnacle. In the New Testament, there is a story about Jesus being tempted by the devil. The devil took Jesus to the top of a high building, often thought to be the pinnacle of the temple, and offered him the kingdoms of the world if he would bow down and worship him. Jesus refused and instead quoted scripture to resist the devil's temptations. The pinnacle was a tall tower or spire that was part of the temple in Jerusalem. It was a significant structure and symbol of the Jewish faith, and is mentioned several times in the Bible.

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Aaron was chosen to assist Moses in liberating the Israelites not because Moses was a stammerer, or God had lost confidence in him, or the Israelites murmured against his leadership, or because Moses was old and would soon die. According to the Bible, Aaron was chosen because God commanded Moses to choose him as his spokesperson, since Moses was concerned that he was not eloquent enough to speak on behalf of the Israelites. Therefore, Aaron became Moses' mouthpiece, speaking to the people on behalf of God, while Moses acted as their leader and intermediary with God.

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The call of Matthew, the tax collector, to be one of Jesus' apostles implied that Christ came to call sinners. In the Jewish culture of that time, tax collectors were generally despised because they were seen as collaborators with the Roman oppressors and often collected more than what was required by Rome for their own gain. Despite this, Jesus chose to call Matthew, a tax collector, to be one of his apostles. This demonstrated that Jesus' mission was to call all sinners, regardless of their social status or past actions, to repent and follow him. Matthew was willing to respond to Jesus' call, leaving his job and following him, which shows that he recognized his own need for forgiveness and salvation.

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Joseph of Arimathea expressed his faith in Jesus when he buried Jesus in his tomb. Joseph was a wealthy man and a member of the Jewish council who had not consented to the decision to crucify Jesus. After Jesus' death, Joseph went to Pilate and requested permission to take Jesus' body and bury it in his own tomb. By doing this, Joseph was publicly identifying himself as a follower of Jesus and expressing his belief in him as the Messiah. This was a courageous act, as it could have potentially put Joseph's own safety and reputation at risk. Joseph's action also fulfilled a prophecy from the Hebrew Scriptures that the Messiah would be buried in a rich man's tomb. Overall, Joseph of Arimathea's decision to bury Jesus in his own tomb demonstrated his faith in Jesus and his willingness to take a stand for what he believed in, despite the risks involved.

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Herod Agrippa killed James in order to win the confidence of the Jews. This was done in an attempt to show the Jewish people that he was a supporter of their beliefs and traditions, and to gain their favor and support. By killing James, who was a leader of the early Christian community, Herod Agrippa may have hoped to demonstrate his opposition to the spread of Christianity, which was seen as a threat to traditional Judaism.

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The miraculous crossing of the Red Sea by the Israelites shows God's guidance and protection over His people. According to the Old Testament of the Bible, the Israelites were slaves in Egypt and were led by Moses to escape and find freedom in the Promised Land. However, they were pursued by Pharaoh and his army, and when they came to the Red Sea, they were trapped with nowhere to go. But then, God performed a miracle by parting the sea and allowing the Israelites to cross on dry ground. As they crossed, the waters closed back in, destroying Pharaoh's army that was pursuing them. This event demonstrated God's power and protection over His people and showed that He was faithful in keeping His promises to them. It also solidified Moses' leadership and helped to establish him as a trustworthy and reliable leader in the eyes of the Israelites.

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Jesus taught that the attitude of Christians toward forgiveness should be limitless. This means that Christians should be willing to forgive others as many times as necessary and without putting any limits on how often they should forgive. This is based on Jesus' teaching in Matthew 18:21-22, where he says, "Then Peter came to Jesus and asked, “Lord, how many times shall I forgive my brother or sister who sins against me? Up to seven times?” Jesus answered, “I tell you, not seven times, but seventy-seven times." This passage shows that Jesus expects his followers to forgive others without counting the number of times they have been wronged. Instead, Christians should seek to show unconditional love and forgiveness, just as God has shown them unconditional love and forgiveness.

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Nehemiah succeeded in building the walls of Jerusalem because God's hand was with the Jews. Nehemiah had a strong faith in God and prayed to Him for help in rebuilding the walls of Jerusalem. God answered his prayers and helped him overcome various challenges such as opposition from Sanballat and Tobiah, lack of resources, and internal conflicts among the Jews. God also gave Nehemiah wisdom, strength, and courage to lead the people in the rebuilding effort. Therefore, it was ultimately God's grace and intervention that enabled Nehemiah to complete the task successfully.

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Solomon's apostasy, which refers to his turning away from worshipping God and instead worshipping false gods, had the consequence of the division of the Kingdom of Israel. This happened because God had promised to give the whole kingdom to Solomon's descendants if he followed God's commands and kept his covenant. But because of Solomon's disobedience, God decided to take away most of the kingdom from Solomon's descendants and give it to someone else. This division happened after Solomon's death when his son, Rehoboam, became king. The people of Israel requested that Rehoboam lighten the heavy burden of taxes and labor that Solomon had imposed on them, but Rehoboam refused. This led to a rebellion by the northern tribes of Israel, who made Jeroboam their king and established the Kingdom of Israel in the north. The southern tribes remained loyal to Rehoboam and established the Kingdom of Judah in the south. Thus, the division of the kingdom was a direct consequence of Solomon's apostasy.

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According to James, the fulfillment of the royal law involves loving your neighbour as yourself. James explains that if you show partiality to some people over others, you are committing sin and are convicted by the law as transgressors. He goes on to say that if you keep the whole law but stumble in one point, you are guilty of breaking the whole law. James teaches that the royal law, which is to love your neighbour as yourself, is the supreme law that fulfills all other laws. Therefore, if you show love to your neighbour as you love yourself, you will not only be fulfilling the royal law, but also all other laws.

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The incident of the mourning guards at Jesus' tomb was recorded by Saint Matthew. In the Gospel of Matthew, he describes how after Jesus' burial, the chief priests and Pharisees went to Pilate and requested that he secure the tomb because they feared that Jesus' disciples might steal his body and claim that he had risen from the dead. Pilate agreed and ordered that guards be stationed at the tomb. On the third day, there was a great earthquake and an angel of the Lord descended and rolled back the stone from the entrance of the tomb. The guards were so afraid that they shook and became like dead men. When the women came to the tomb, the angel told them that Jesus had risen from the dead, just as he had promised.

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Peter expected elders of the church to lead their flock selflessly. In the Bible, Peter urges elders to shepherd the flock of God that is under their care, not because they must, but because they are willing, as God wants them to be. He advises them to be examples to the flock and to serve willingly and eagerly, not for personal gain or power, but with a sincere desire to care for those in their charge. Therefore, the emphasis is on leading with humility and a servant's heart, putting the needs of the flock above their own desires or ambitions. Peter's words suggest that elders are to lead by serving, loving, and caring for their flock selflessly.

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The Persian King who allowed the Jews to go back to rebuild the temple was Cyrus. After the Babylonian Empire conquered Judah and destroyed the Temple in Jerusalem in 586 BCE, the Jewish people were taken into exile. However, in 539 BCE, the Persian Empire, led by King Cyrus, conquered Babylon and allowed the Jewish people to return to their homeland. Cyrus issued a decree that allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem and rebuild their temple. This decree is recorded in the Hebrew Bible in the book of Ezra. Cyrus is regarded as a liberator and a hero by the Jewish people, who consider him to be an instrument of God's will.

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The counsel "keep away from these men and let them alone" was offered by Gamaliel. In the Bible, Gamaliel was a Pharisee who was well-respected by the Jewish people. When the apostles of Jesus were preaching and performing miracles in Jerusalem, the religious leaders became angry and arrested them. Gamaliel advised caution, pointing out that other messianic movements had arisen in the past, and they had ultimately failed. He suggested that if the apostles' movement was not from God, it would come to nothing, but if it was from God, they would not be able to stop it. This advice was heeded, and the apostles were released. Gamaliel's wisdom and moderation were highly regarded by the people and showed his respect for the rule of law and the sovereignty of God.

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The book of Hosea is meant to illustrate God's love and mercy. This means that the book of Hosea in the Old Testament is meant to show how much God loves and is merciful to his people, even when they have strayed from him and disobeyed his commands. Through the story of the prophet Hosea and his unfaithful wife, the book of Hosea portrays the depths of God's love and his willingness to forgive and restore his people.

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Samuel's disagreement with Saul was caused mainly by disobedience. Samuel was a prophet and the leader of God's people, and Saul was the king of Israel. However, Saul failed to follow God's commands, which led to Samuel's disagreement with him. This disobedience showed a lack of respect for God and His commands, and as a result, God chose someone else to be king in place of Saul. Samuel's disagreement with Saul was rooted in his desire to follow and obey God, while Saul was not following God's commands and was therefore acting against God's will.

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Amos in his prophetic work advocated for true religion and social justice. He spoke out against the religious leaders and wealthy people of his time who were exploiting the poor and oppressed. Amos called for a return to the fundamental principles of justice and righteousness in both religious practice and social relationships. He believed that true worship of God should be accompanied by a commitment to doing what is right and fair for all people, especially the most vulnerable in society. In Amos 5:24, he says, "But let justice roll on like a river, righteousness like a never-failing stream!" This passage highlights Amos' message that true worship of God must be combined with a commitment to justice and righteousness in society.

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Deborah's cooperation with Barak in the battle against Sisera was based on her absolute belief and trust in God. As a prophetess, Deborah had a close relationship with God and knew that He would guide her in the right direction. She believed that God would grant them victory over their enemies and lead them to success. Therefore, she encouraged Barak to trust in God's power and promised him that God would be with him in battle. This trust in God's power allowed Deborah to confidently lead Barak and his army to victory.

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King Darius decreed that men should tremble and fear the God of Daniel because He (God) is the living God. In the book of Daniel in the Bible, King Darius was impressed by Daniel's wisdom and miraculous ability to interpret dreams. Daniel was able to interpret a dream for the king that revealed the true power and authority of God. King Darius acknowledged that the God of Daniel was not a mere statue or idol, but a living God who has the power to perform miracles and intervene in the lives of people. Therefore, King Darius commanded all his subjects to fear and worship the living God of Daniel.

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Joseph was sold to the Midianites by his brothers at Dothan. In the Bible, Joseph was one of the 12 sons of Jacob, and he was his father's favorite. Joseph's brothers were jealous of him and plotted to kill him, but instead, they sold him as a slave to the Midianites who were passing by on their way to Egypt. This happened in the town of Dothan, which was located in the northern part of Israel. This event led to a chain of events that eventually led to Joseph becoming a powerful leader in Egypt and ultimately saving his family from famine.

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God charged Joshua during his call to cross the Jordan River in order to possess the promised land. God promised Abraham and his descendants this land as an inheritance, and Joshua was to lead the Israelites into the land that God had promised to them. This was a fulfillment of God's covenant with Abraham, and Joshua was to lead the Israelites in taking possession of the land and driving out its inhabitants.

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In the temptation of Jesus, only Mark reported that Jesus was "with the wild beast." This is referring to the time immediately after Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist and before he began his public ministry. According to the Gospel of Mark, Jesus was driven by the Spirit into the wilderness where he fasted for forty days and was tempted by Satan. During this time, Jesus was with the wild animals, which could symbolize the dangerous and challenging nature of his experience. This detail is unique to Mark's gospel and is not included in the accounts given in Matthew and Luke.

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The main reason why the Israelites went to Egypt was because there was a great famine. This famine caused a severe shortage of food and resources in the land of Canaan where the Israelites lived. As a result, Jacob and his family (including his son Joseph) migrated to Egypt in search of food and sustenance. Joseph, who was sold into slavery in Egypt, had risen to a position of power and was in charge of managing the food supply during the famine. Therefore, he was able to provide food and shelter for his family and the rest of the Israelites who came to Egypt. Eventually, the Israelites would become enslaved by the Egyptians and remain in Egypt for many years until they were led out by Moses during the Exodus.

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The reference "So the city was besieged till the eleventh year of King Zedekiah" alludes to Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylon. The passage suggests that the city was under siege for a long time, until the eleventh year of King Zedekiah's reign. This event is recorded in the Old Testament of the Bible, specifically in the Book of Jeremiah, and it describes the siege of Jerusalem by the Babylonian army. Nebuchadnezzar was the King of Babylon at the time and his army had surrounded the city in an attempt to conquer it. The siege lasted for many years and was a significant event in the history of the Kingdom of Judah.

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According to James, faith in God produces steadfastness, joy, wisdom, and blessing. Steadfastness refers to the ability to remain firm and unwavering in one's beliefs and values even in the face of difficulties and challenges. Faith in God provides a foundation for one's beliefs and values, which can help to strengthen one's resolve and perseverance in the face of adversity. Joy refers to a deep sense of happiness and contentment that comes from having faith in God. Knowing that one is loved and supported by a higher power can bring a sense of peace and joy that is not easily shaken by external circumstances. Wisdom refers to the ability to make good decisions and exercise good judgment. Faith in God can provide a moral and ethical framework that guides one's decisions and actions, leading to greater wisdom and understanding. Blessing refers to the good things that come as a result of having faith in God. This can include material blessings such as financial prosperity, as well as spiritual blessings such as a sense of purpose and fulfillment in life.

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Joseph was sold to the Midianites by his brothers at Dothan. Joseph's brothers had become jealous of him because of the favor their father had shown him, so they plotted to kill him. However, Reuben, the eldest brother, convinced them to throw him into a pit instead. When the Midianite traders passed by, Judah suggested that they sell Joseph to them for twenty pieces of silver, and they agreed. Joseph was then taken to Egypt by the Midianites, where he was sold to Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh.

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The lake in question was most likely the Sea of Galilee, also known as Lake Tiberias or Lake Kinneret. In the New Testament, many stories are set around the Sea of Galilee, which is a freshwater lake located in northern Israel. The lake is also referenced as Gennesaret, which was a region on the western shore of the lake. In the given passage, the fishermen were washing their nets, which suggests that they had just returned from fishing on the lake. The Sea of Galilee was a common location for fishing in the time of Jesus, and it was likely the primary source of livelihood for many of the people in the area.

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Sanballat made this statement to ridicule the Jews. The statement was a form of mockery and contempt directed towards the Jews who were trying to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem after the Babylonian exile. Sanballat, a leader of the neighboring Samaritans, saw the rebuilding effort as a weakness and was trying to diminish the Jews' resolve by belittling their efforts. This statement reflects the opposition and hostility that the Jews faced as they attempted to restore their city and regain their independence. The statement was meant to discourage the Jews and make them feel like their efforts were futile.

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According to the Bible, King Solomon of Israel received cedar and cypress wood from King Hiram of Tyre for the construction of the Temple in Jerusalem. In return, Solomon gave King Hiram 20,000 cors of wheat and 20,000 baths of olive oil. This exchange is mentioned in 1 Kings 5:10-11. So, the correct option is "wheat and oil".

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Pontius Pilate condemned Jesus to death so that the Jews might be pleased. This means that Pilate, who was the governor of Judea at the time, made the decision to sentence Jesus to death in order to appease the Jewish leaders and avoid conflict with them. Pilate saw Jesus as innocent, but gave in to the demands of the Jewish leaders in order to maintain peace and stability in his jurisdiction.

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Josiah defiled Topheth in order to prevent Jews from sacrificing children to Molech. In the Old Testament, Topheth was a place in the valley of Hinnom, where children were offered as burnt offerings to the god Molech. This practice was considered abhorrent and was explicitly forbidden in the Law of Moses. Josiah was a king of Judah who reigned from around 640 to 609 BCE. He initiated a religious reform in Judah, in which he sought to rid the nation of all forms of idolatry and to restore the worship of the God of Israel. As part of this reform, he defiled Topheth by making it ceremonially unclean and putting an end to the practice of sacrificing children there. Josiah's actions were in accordance with the Law of Moses and were intended to purify the nation of Judah and bring it back into right relationship with God.

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The most fascinating aspect of what was going on in the early church was that believers shared their possessions. In the book of Acts in the New Testament, it is recorded that the early Christian community shared their possessions with one another. This sharing of resources was an expression of their love and concern for one another, and it helped to meet the needs of those who were less fortunate. This practice was initiated by the apostles, who were inspired by the teachings of Jesus to love one another and to care for the poor. The sharing of possessions among the believers was a practical outworking of their faith and a witness to the world of the transformative power of the gospel. This aspect of the early church is fascinating because it challenges our modern individualistic mindset and reminds us of the importance of community and caring for one another.

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David's respect and humility for the Lord's anointed was depicted in his refusal to kill Saul. In the Bible, Saul was the first king of Israel and was anointed by God. However, he had disobeyed God and was no longer fit to be king. David, who had been anointed to be the next king, had many opportunities to kill Saul, but he refused to harm him because he respected the fact that he was God's chosen king. This demonstrated David's loyalty to God and his willingness to follow God's will, even if it meant delaying his own ascent to the throne.

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The sons of Eli treated God's sacrifices with contempt by taking raw meat before the fats were burnt. This was disrespectful to God and went against the rules for how the sacrifices were supposed to be offered. In the Jewish tradition, the fat of the animal was to be burnt as a symbol of offering the best part of the animal to God. By taking the meat before it was properly offered, Eli's sons showed a lack of reverence and respect for God and the sacrificial laws.

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Eleazar, the man who commissioned Joshua, was a priest. In the Old Testament, priests were responsible for offering sacrifices and performing other religious rituals in the tabernacle or temple. They were also entrusted with teaching and interpreting the laws and commandments of God to the people. Eleazar is identified as the son of Aaron, who was the first high priest of Israel. As such, Eleazar was a member of the priestly class and served in the tabernacle. When Moses passed away, it was Eleazar who commissioned Joshua to take over the leadership of the Israelites and to lead them into the Promised Land.

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