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Question 1 Report
What is the importance of using sunscreen daily?
Answer Details
Using sunscreen daily is very important because it offers several benefits that protect and maintain healthy skin. Firstly, sunscreen prevents skin damage from UV rays. The sun emits ultraviolet (UV) rays, which can penetrate the skin and cause damage at a cellular level. This damage can lead to skin issues such as sunburn, and over time, may even result in skin cancer. Thus, applying sunscreen acts as a protective barrier against these harmful rays.
Furthermore, daily use of sunscreen helps in preventing premature aging of the skin. The UV rays from the sun can cause your skin to age faster by breaking down the collagen and elastin in your skin. This leads to the development of wrinkles and fine lines. Thus, by using sunscreen, you are protecting your skin and maintaining its youthful appearance.
Additionally, while some might think sunscreen is only necessary when going to the beach, it is beneficial to apply it every day. UV rays can still affect your skin even when you are not directly exposed to bright sunlight, such as on cloudy days or when you are indoors near windows. Therefore, using sunscreen daily ensures continuous protection.
It's important to note that sunscreen does not darken the skin; rather, it helps to maintain your natural skin tone by protecting it from sun damage, which can cause pigmentation changes. Overall, sunscreen plays a key role in maintaining skin health and preventing various skin problems associated with UV exposure.
Question 2 Report
What is a common feature of the traditional attire worn during the Eyo Festival dance?
Answer Details
The **Eyo Festival** is a significant cultural celebration in Lagos, Nigeria. A **common feature** of the traditional attire worn during this festival is the **traditional robes and headgear**. Participants, known as "Eyo," wear a unique costume called "Agbada," which consists of flowy, all-white robes. Along with this, they don a wide-brimmed hat made of straw, which is known as the "Ageru." This ensemble is completed with a face veil. The attire is paraded during the festival, making it visually striking and unique. The **traditional robes and headgear** symbolize purity and respect and are deeply rooted in the **Yoruba culture**, which forms the basis of the festival's traditions.
Question 3 Report
Which structure in the central nervous system is responsible for transmitting sensory and motor signals between the brain and the rest of the body?
Answer Details
The structure in the central nervous system that is primarily responsible for transmitting sensory and motor signals between the brain and the rest of the body is the spinal cord.
The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular structure that runs from the base of the brain down the back and is enclosed within the spine. It plays a crucial role as a communication highway, connecting the brain to nerves throughout the body. Here's a simple explanation:
The spinal cord thus serves as an essential link between the brain and the peripheral nerves, enabling the body to function and react effectively.
Question 4 Report
In the case of a nosebleed, what should you do?
Answer Details
When someone experiences a nosebleed, it is important to manage it correctly to stop the bleeding and reduce discomfort. Here is what you should do:
1. Pinch the Nostrils and Lean Forward
This is the recommended action for stopping a nosebleed and is effective for several reasons:
Avoid these actions when treating a nosebleed:
Do not apply a hot compress to the nose. Heat can dilate blood vessels and increase bleeding.
Do not tilt the head back. This can cause blood to run down the throat which can be uncomfortable and potentially dangerous.
Do not blow the nose hard. Blowing the nose can disturb the clot that may have formed and cause bleeding to start again.
By following these steps, you can effectively manage a nosebleed while minimizing risks and discomfort.
Question 5 Report
What is the classification of diseases like tuberculosis and leprosy?
Answer Details
Diseases like tuberculosis and leprosy are classified as bacterial diseases. This classification is based on the fact that both diseases are caused by bacteria, which are single-celled microorganisms.
Tuberculosis is caused by a bacterium known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacterium primarily affects the lungs but can also infect other parts of the body such as the kidneys, spine, and brain.
Leprosy, also known as Hansen's Disease, is caused by a different bacterium named Mycobacterium leprae. This bacterium primarily affects the skin, nerves, and mucous membranes, leading to severe disfigurement if untreated.
Both of these diseases are considered infectious, meaning they can be spread from person to person, although leprosy is much less contagious than tuberculosis. The emphasis on bacterial origin classifies these conditions under bacterial diseases, distinguishing them from parasitic, fungal, and viral diseases, which are caused by parasites, fungi, and viruses respectively.
Question 6 Report
Which of the following is a common posture issue associated with endomorphs?
Answer Details
Individuals with an endomorph body type tend to have a round and softer physique. A common posture issue often associated with endomorphs is lordosis. Lordosis is characterized by an excessive inward curve of the lower back. Due to their larger abdominal region, endomorphs might have a tendency to develop an anterior pelvic tilt, which can lead to lordosis. This means that their pelvis tilts forward excessively, causing the spine in the lower back to curve more than usual.
This posture doesn't just affect the appearance but can also result in discomfort or back pain. Understanding and addressing this posture concern through appropriate exercises, stretching, and mindfulness of posture can help mitigate its effects. It's important for individuals to work on strengthening core muscles and improving posture to prevent any negative physical implications.
Question 7 Report
What type of community health service is most likely to use modern diagnostic equipment?
Answer Details
The type of community health service most likely to use modern diagnostic equipment is Orthodox health services. Orthodox health services are provided by trained medical professionals such as doctors, nurses, and technicians who operate within a formal healthcare setting like hospitals and clinics.
Here are some reasons why orthodox health services use modern diagnostic equipment:
In contrast, other community health services like bone setters, traditional birth attendants, and herbalists typically rely on traditional methods and natural remedies. They may not have access to, or training in, modern diagnostic technologies.
Question 8 Report
Which of the following bodily functions relies heavily on adequate water intake?
Answer Details
Blood circulation is the bodily function that relies heavily on adequate water intake.
Explanation:
Blood circulation refers to the movement of blood throughout the body via the heart and blood vessels, such as veins and arteries. This process is crucial because it delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells and organs, and it helps remove waste products from the body.
Water is a major component of blood, making up a significant portion of plasma, the liquid part of blood. When a person is well-hydrated, the blood flows more easily, assisting with efficient circulation.
On the other hand, when the body lacks adequate water, blood can become thicker or more concentrated, making circulation less efficient. This can cause the heart to work harder to pump blood, potentially leading to increased blood pressure and an overall strain on the cardiovascular system.
In summary, staying well-hydrated ensures that blood remains fluid and easy to circulate, which is vital for maintaining a healthy cardiovascular system.
Question 9 Report
Which item in a first aid box helps to stop bleeding from a wound?
Answer Details
In a first aid box, the item used to help stop bleeding from a wound is sterile gauze.
Explanation:
Sterile gauze is a clean and unused piece of fabric that is specifically designed to cover wounds. It is especially effective in managing bleeding because:
To use sterile gauze, you would typically place it directly over the wound and apply firm, steady pressure. If the gauze soaks through, you can add another layer on top rather than removing the first one, as removing it too soon might disturb the clotting process.
Other items in the list, such as adhesive bandages, pain relievers, and antibiotic ointments, serve different purposes and are not primarily used for stopping bleeding. Adhesive bandages cover minor wounds, pain relievers help reduce discomfort, and antibiotic ointments prevent infection.
Question 10 Report
Which component of physical fitness relates to the ability to change body position quickly and accurately while maintaining control and balance?
Answer Details
The component of physical fitness that relates to the ability to change body position quickly and accurately, while maintaining control and balance, is Agility.
Agility involves the body's capability to swiftly change direction and position effectively with precision. This incorporates not only speed and quickness but also the capacity to maintain balance and control during these movements. For example, a soccer player weaving between opponents or a basketball player dodging defenders exemplifies agility. This skill is crucial in various sports and physical activities where swift directional changes are necessary while under control.
On the other hand, Coordination refers to the ability to use different parts of the body together smoothly and efficiently. Reaction time is the speed at which an individual responds to a stimulus. Power refers to the ability to exert maximum force quickly, which is essential for explosive movements. While these components are also important in physical fitness, it is Agility that specifically focuses on quick and precise changes in body position.
Question 11 Report
Why is open communication about sex and relationships crucial in a family?
Answer Details
Open communication about sex and relationships within a family is incredibly important for several reasons.
It strengthens family bonds. When family members feel comfortable discussing sensitive topics, like sex and relationships, it fosters trust and openness. This can bring family members closer together and create a supportive environment where everyone feels valued and understood.
Moreover, being able to talk openly can help prevent misunderstandings. Misunderstandings often arise when people keep things to themselves or make assumptions without having all the information. Open communication allows for clarity and ensures that all family members are on the same page.
Additionally, discussing these topics openly encourages personal growth. It gives family members a chance to learn from one another, share experiences, and gain different perspectives. This is especially beneficial for teenagers, who are in a crucial stage of learning about relationships and their own identities.
On the other hand, avoiding open communication can promote secrecy and create an environment where family members feel they cannot share important aspects of their lives. This can lead to isolation and a lack of understanding within the family unit.
In summary, open communication about sex and relationships is essential in a family as it helps maintain a healthy and supportive atmosphere, prevents misunderstandings, encourages personal growth, and reduces secrecy.
Question 12 Report
What is the primary difference between refuse and sewage?
Answer Details
Refuse refers to solid waste materials such as garbage, paper, plastic, and other discarded items.
Sewage, on the other hand, is primarily liquid waste consisting of wastewater from households, industries, and other
sources.
Question 13 Report
What deficiency causes muscle cramps and is treated by increasing dietary intake of which mineral?
Answer Details
Muscle cramps are often associated with a deficiency in **Magnesium**, **Calcium**, or **Potassium**. However, the mineral most commonly linked to muscle cramps is **Potassium**.
**Potassium** is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in muscle function. It helps maintain normal muscle contractions. When there is not enough potassium in the body, muscles may cramp or spasm because they are not receiving the signals needed to work correctly.
Increasing dietary intake of **Potassium** can help alleviate muscle cramps. Potassium-rich foods include bananas, oranges, potatoes, spinach, and tomatoes. Ensuring an adequate intake of these foods can help maintain proper muscle function and prevent muscle cramps.
Question 14 Report
Which dance step involves high leaps and kicks and is associated with the Yoruba people?
Answer Details
The dance step that involves **high leaps and kicks** and is associated with the Yoruba people is the **Bata dance**.
The **Bata dance** is a traditional dance of the Yoruba ethnic group found in Nigeria. This dance is usually performed to the rhythms of the **Bata drums**, which are double-headed drums held under the arms and played with the hands. The drumbeats dictate the energy, pace, and movements of the dancers.
The dance is characterized by energetic movements, including **high leaps and kicks**, intricate footwork, and body movements that reflect a deep connection to the rhythm of the drums. It is both a form of art and a means of preserving cultural heritage, often performed during cultural festivals, rituals, and social events.
The Bata dance not only highlights the agility and athleticism of the dancers but also tells stories and celebrates important events, making it a significant aspect of **Yoruba cultural expressions**.
Question 15 Report
What is the purpose of the cartilage rings in the trachea?
Answer Details
The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a crucial part of the respiratory system. It serves as the main passageway for air to enter and exit the lungs. One of the main features of the trachea is the presence of cartilage rings.
The primary purpose of these cartilage rings is to keep the trachea open and maintain its structure. The trachea needs to remain open and unobstructed to ensure smooth airflow. The cartilage rings are C-shaped, and they provide the necessary support and flexibility needed to prevent the trachea from collapsing.
Since the trachea needs to bend and move along with the neck and body movements, these rings are not complete circles. Instead, they are open at the back, allowing the trachea to expand and move as needed.
This support is crucial for efficient breathing, as it ensures that air can freely travel to and from the lungs without any hindrance.
In summary, the cartilage rings help in keeping the trachea open, allowing continuous airflow, which is essential for proper respiratory function.
Question 16 Report
Which cell organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
Answer Details
The organelle responsible for protein synthesis is the ribosome. Ribosomes are small, spherical structures found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. They are made up of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. Their primary function is to translate the genetic code from messenger RNA (mRNA) to synthesize proteins, which are essential for various cellular functions.
Here's how the process works:
In summary, ribosomes are fundamental to the process of building proteins, which are critical for maintaining cell structure and function.
Question 17 Report
Cardiovascular fitness refers to:
Answer Details
Cardiovascular fitness is the capacity of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the body during sustained physical activity, which enables prolonged exercise or physical activity.
Question 18 Report
What is an example of a recreational activity that promotes mindfulness and relaxation?
Answer Details
An excellent example of a recreational activity that promotes mindfulness and relaxation is Yoga. Yoga is a practice that involves a combination of physical poses, controlled breathing, and meditation or relaxation techniques. It is designed to improve flexibility, strength, and mental well-being.
Mindfulness is a key component of yoga. During a yoga session, you are encouraged to pay close attention to your breath, body, and thoughts in a gentle, non-judgmental manner. This focus on the present moment helps clear the mind and reduces stress.
The relaxation aspect of yoga comes in the form of calming exercises and the meditative sequences at the end of a session. These aspects enable individuals to experience deeper relaxation, reduce anxiety, and improve their overall mood by promoting a sense of peace and tranquility.
Overall, yoga can serve as a powerful tool for achieving calmness and relaxation while enhancing mindfulness, making it a beneficial activity for mental and physical health.
Question 19 Report
Name the events which make up the throwing events.
Answer Details
The throwing events in athletics are specific events where the athlete's primary task is to throw an implement as far as possible. The correct events that make up the throwing events are:
These events are distinct from jumping events and involve different techniques and skill sets, focusing mainly on strength, technique, and precision. Each of these events requires the athlete to combine physical ability with technique to maximize the distance of the throw.
Question 20 Report
What does NUGA stand for?
Answer Details
NUGA stands for the National University Games Association.
Let's break this down for a clear understanding:
Therefore, the National University Games Association is an organization that is responsible for organizing games and sports competitions among universities within a country.
Question 21 Report
hich mineral deficiency is associated with muscle weakness and is corrected by increasing intake of which mineral?
Answer Details
Muscle weakness is often associated with a deficiency in magnesium. Magnesium is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in many bodily functions, including nerve transmission and muscle contraction. When there is not enough magnesium in the body, these processes can be disrupted, leading to symptoms such as muscle weakness and cramps.
To correct muscle weakness related to magnesium deficiency, increasing the intake of magnesium-rich foods is recommended. Foods such as nuts, seeds, whole grains, leafy green vegetables, and magnesium-fortified cereals can help increase magnesium levels in the body. In some cases, magnesium supplements may also be recommended. It's important to address this deficiency, as magnesium is vital for overall health and wellbeing.
Question 22 Report
_____________ is a sudden twisting or wrenching of a joint, causing damage to ligaments.
Answer Details
The term you are looking for is Sprain.
A sprain is a sudden twisting or wrenching of a joint, such as the ankle, wrist, or knee. This action causes the ligaments, which are the tough bands of tissue that connect bones at the joint, to stretch or tear, leading to an injury.
Sprains are different from other joint injuries in the following ways:
Typical symptoms of a sprain include pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty moving the affected joint. The severity can vary depending on how much the ligaments are damaged.
Question 23 Report
What is the first step in managing a severe bleeding wound?
Answer Details
When managing a severe bleeding wound, the **first step** is to **apply pressure to the wound**. This is because applying pressure **helps to stop or slow down the bleeding** by allowing the blood to clot. You can use a clean cloth or bandage to apply firm, direct pressure on the wound. If the cloth gets soaked with blood, place another cloth on top. This is crucial to prevent excessive blood loss, which can lead to shock or other serious complications. **Controlling bleeding is the priority**, and once this is managed, other steps like cleaning the wound or elevating the limb can be considered.
Question 24 Report
Which medication class is commonly used to treat epilepsy?
Answer Details
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. To manage this condition, a specific class of medications called anticonvulsants is commonly used. These medications are designed to help control seizures.
Anticonvulsants work by stabilizing the electrical activity in the brain. They do this by targeting different parts of the nervous system to prevent the abnormal electrical discharges that characterize seizures. This helps in reducing the frequency and severity of the seizures, allowing individuals with epilepsy to have a better quality of life.
In contrast, other medication classes serve different purposes:
Thus, for the treatment of epilepsy, anticonvulsants are the appropriate choice.
Question 25 Report
Which test is commonly used during an eye screening to assess visual acuity?
Answer Details
The Snellen chart is a tool used to measure visual acuity during eye screenings.
Question 26 Report
Which of the following is a key principle of first aid?
Answer Details
One of the key principles of first aid is acting calmly and confidently. When providing first aid, it is crucial to maintain a calm demeanor and exude confidence. This approach helps reassure the injured person and others around you, preventing panic and making it easier to administer aid effectively.
Being calm allows you to think clearly and assess the situation accurately, which can make a significant difference in delivering the correct treatment quickly. Confidence in your actions also builds trust with the patient, ensuring they feel more at ease during a potentially distressing situation.
In summary, maintaining a calm and confident approach is essential in first aid as it helps to create a more controlled and supportive environment for both the first aider and the injured person.
Question 27 Report
What method of maintaining personal health emphasizes consuming a balanced diet that includes fruits, vegetables, proteins, and whole grains?
Answer Details
The method of maintaining personal health that emphasizes consuming a balanced diet, including fruits, vegetables, proteins, and whole grains, is known as Nutrition.
Nutrition is the process by which our bodies obtain the vital nutrients they need to function correctly. A balanced diet is crucial because it provides the body with essential vitamins, minerals, and energy. Consuming a variety of food groups, such as fruits, vegetables, proteins, and whole grains, ensures that we receive a wide range of nutrients.
Here’s a brief explanation of each component:
By focusing on nutrition and maintaining a balanced diet, individuals can support their overall health and wellness, prevent chronic diseases, and maintain a healthy weight.
Question 28 Report
How can self-medication lead to drug misuse?
Answer Details
Self-medication can lead to taking incorrect dosages, which is a form of drug misuse.
Question 29 Report
Identify the jumping technique used in the long jump.
Answer Details
In the long jump, the technique commonly used is the Hitch-kick. This method is implemented when an athlete uses a running motion in the air to maintain balance and control during the jump. Here's a simple explanation:
Hitch-kick: As the athlete takes off from the board, they swing their arms and legs in a running motion. This is meant to counteract the forward rotation caused by the takeoff. By performing a running motion in mid-air, the athlete can maintain a stable posture and ensure maximum distance is covered before landing. It's a technique aimed at ensuring that the athlete does not over-rotate and that their landing is optimized for maximum distance.
The other techniques mentioned such as Glide, Western Roll, and Spin are typically associated with events like the shot put or high jump, not the long jump.
Question 30 Report
Which organ is part of the lymphatic system and helps in the immune response?
Answer Details
The organ that is part of the lymphatic system and helps in the immune response is the Spleen.
The spleen plays a crucial role in the body's immune system in several ways:
In summary, the spleen is an essential organ of the lymphatic system that supports the body's immune response by filtering blood and producing cells that defend against infections.
Question 31 Report
What does NATCEGA stand for?
Answer Details
NATCEGA is the acronym for the Nigeria advanced Teacher's Colleges and College of Education Games Association, which organizes sporting competitions among colleges of education in Nigeria.
Question 32 Report
In a visual take-over, the outgoing runner sees the incoming runner during the baton exchange. This allows for direct eye contact and a smoother handoff.
Answer Details
The joint of the thumb, known as the carpometacarpal joint, is a saddle joint, allowing for a variety of movements.
Question 33 Report
Which national competition aims to promote grassroots football development in Nigeria?
Answer Details
The National Principals Cup aims to promote grassroots football development in Nigeria.
Question 34 Report
Which of these dances is performed with a masquerade costume by the Efik people?
Answer Details
The Ekombi dance involves masquerade costumes and is performed by the Efik people.
Question 35 Report
What safety equipment is essential in the hammer throw event?
Answer Details
In the hammer throw event, safety equipment is crucial to protect both the athletes and any bystanders. Here's the equipment that is essential:
Protective cage: The most important safety equipment is the protective cage. It is designed to contain the hammer if it's released in an unintended direction. This cage surrounds the circle where the thrower stands and ensures that the hammer does not pose a danger to spectators, officials, or other athletes outside the cage.
While the protective cage is the most critical, other pieces of equipment may be considered but are not as common:
Gloves: Athletes might use gloves to improve their grip on the hammer handle. Although not primarily for safety, gloves can help prevent hand injuries that might occur from the repetitive motion and force required in this event.
Knee pads: Some athletes may choose to wear knee pads to protect against bruises or abrasions if they lose balance and fall during the spinning motion. However, these are not typically deemed essential for safety.
Helmet: Helmets are rarely used in the hammer throw, as they may restrict the athlete's motion or balance. The protective cage is the primary safety measure to protect both the athlete and others nearby from any potential mishaps.
In summary, the protective cage is the most vital safety equipment in the hammer throw event, as it minimizes the risk of injury to others. Gloves, knee pads, and helmets, while potentially useful, are not as widely used or essential in the typical context of the event.
Question 36 Report
Which of the following is NOT a cause of drug misuse?
Answer Details
To determine which of the options is NOT a cause of drug misuse, let's first understand what drug misuse means. **Drug misuse** involves using a medication in a manner other than as directed by a healthcare professional or intended by the manufacturer. This can involve incorrect dosages, misunderstanding usage instructions, or using drugs without a prescription.
**Lack of knowledge about proper dosage**: This is a cause of drug misuse because if an individual doesn't know the correct amount of a drug to take, they may take too much or too little, leading to misuse.
**Misunderstanding prescription instructions**: This is also a cause of drug misuse, as misinterpreting medical instructions can lead to incorrect use of medication.
**Trying to self-treat a medical condition**: This can lead to misuse because when individuals self-diagnose and medicate without proper guidance, they may use drugs ineffectively or harmfully.
**Intentional recreational use**: This is not considered drug misuse in the conventional sense but rather **drug abuse**. When someone deliberately uses drugs for non-medical reasons, particularly for recreational purposes, this constitutes abuse rather than misuse.
In summary, the correct answer to which option is NOT a cause of drug misuse is **intentional recreational use** as it falls under the category of drug abuse rather than misuse.
Question 37 Report
What is a direct benefit of maintaining good mental health?
Answer Details
One direct benefit of maintaining good mental health is improved emotional stability and resilience. This means that when you have good mental health, you are better able to handle your emotions, stay calm during challenging situations, and bounce back more quickly from setbacks or difficulties. Good mental health allows you to manage stress effectively and maintain positive relationships with others. Emotional stability and resilience are vital for overall well-being as they enable you to approach life's challenges with confidence and maintain a balanced outlook.
Question 38 Report
What is the primary difference between strength training and power training?
Answer Details
The primary difference between strength training and power training lies in their focus and objective. While they might seem similar because both involve working out muscles, they actually target different abilities of the body. Let me explain:
Strength Training is primarily focused on building the maximum amount of force that muscles can exert. It is aimed at increasing the overall ability of muscles to lift, resist, or push a heavy load. This typically involves lifting heavy weights with fewer repetitions. People do strength training to build muscle mass and increase their muscle size, which often results in enhanced muscle endurance. To give you an example, think of a weightlifter lifting heavy weights for several repetitions to build muscle.
Power Training, on the other hand, emphasizes developing the ability to exert force quickly. It is all about explosive strength – how fast you can move a weighted object. This usually means lifting lighter weights but doing so at a quick speed to improve power explosion. Athletes involved in sports that require sudden bursts of energy, like sprinters or basketball players, often do power training to improve their performance.
The option aligning with these explanations is: Strength training aims to increase muscle size, while power training focuses on explosive strength.
Question 39 Report
How does physical activity contribute to social well-being?
Answer Details
Physical activity fosters social connections and relationships by providing opportunities for interaction and shared experiences, thereby promoting social well-being.
Question 40 Report
In which city were the 2015 All Africa Games held?
Answer Details
The 11th African Games (French: 11es Jeux africains), also known as Brazzaville 2015, took place from September 4-19, 2015 in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo. This edition marked the 50th anniversary of the Games, as well as their retur to Brazzaville, which hosted the first edition in 1965.
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