Genetic defects in livestock are caused by

Genetic defects in livestock can be caused by mutations. A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism's genes. This change can be caused by various factors, such as exposure to radiation or chemicals, errors during DNA replication, or other genetic processes. When a mutation occurs in a gene that controls the development or function of an important body part or system, it can result in a genetic defect. These defects can affect the health and well-being of the affected animal, and can be passed on to its offspring if the mutation is present in its germ cells (eggs or sperm).