(a)(i) State Faraday's first law of electrolysis. (ii) Distinguish between a strong electrolyte and a weak electrolyte
(b) State one chemical property of ethyne.
(c)( i) What is meant by the tern unsaturated hydrocarbon? (ii) Complete the following reaction equation: CH\(_3\) + CH\(_3\)OH-> (iii) Name the major product formed in the cation stated in 1(c)(ii).
(d) State one way by which the rate of esterification could be increased.
(e) Consider the reaction represented by the following equation: Zn + H\(_2\)SO4 → ZnOS\(_4\) + H\(_2\) . If 3.75g of Zn dust was added to excess H\(_2\)SO\(_4\). Calculate the number of molecules of hydrogen gas produced. [ Zn = 65.0, Na = 6.02 X10\(^23\) ].
(f) State one effect of global warming.
(g) Consider the following reaction equation:
A. Pb(NO\(_3\)) +H\(_2\)S --> PbS + 2HNO\(_3\);
B. H\(_2\) + C\(_2\)H\(_4\) → C\(_2\)H\(_6\).
C. Zn(OH)\(_2\) + 2OH → [ Zn(OH)\(_4\) ]\(^2\).
(i) Which of the equations represent(s) redox process? (ii) State the change in Oxidation number of the species that are oxidized or reduced. (h)(i) State two of the main concepts of Bohr's model of the atom. (ii) State the limitations of Bohr's model. (i) List three factors that could influence the equilibrium position of a reversible reaction. (j) Calcium trioxocarbonate(iv) powder is added to separate equimolar solutions of hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid. State one: (i) similarity in the observation in both reactions: (ii) difference in the observation in both reactions.
(a)(i) Faraday's first law of electrolysis states that the amount of a substance produced at an electrode during electrolysis is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity passed through the electrolyte.
(a)(ii) Strong electrolytes completely dissociate into ions in solution, while weak electrolytes only partially dissociate into ions.
(b) One chemical property of ethyne is its ability to undergo addition reactions.
(c)(i) Unsaturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that contain at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms.
(c)(ii) CH3 + CH3OH → (CH3)2O is the balanced equation for the reaction.
(c)(iii) The major product formed in this reaction is dimethyl ether.
(d) One way to increase the rate of esterification is by using a catalyst.
(e) Using the equation Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2, the number of molecules of hydrogen gas produced can be calculated by first determining the number of moles of Zn used. The molar mass of Zn is 65.0 g/mol, so 3.75 g of Zn is equal to 0.0577 moles. From the balanced equation, it can be seen that one mole of Zn produces one mole of H2, so the number of moles of H2 produced is also 0.0577. Using Avogadro's number (6.02 x 10^23), the number of molecules of H2 produced is 3.47 x 10^22.
(f) One effect of global warming is an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events such as hurricanes, floods, and heat waves.
(g)(i) Equation A represents a redox process.
(g)(ii) In Equation A, Pb is reduced from +2 to 0, while H2S is oxidized from -2 to 0.
(h)(i) Two of the main concepts of Bohr's model of the atom are the idea that electrons exist in discrete energy levels around the nucleus, and that electrons can jump between energy levels by absorbing or emitting energy in the form of photons.
(h)(ii) One limitation of Bohr's model is that it only works for single-electron systems, such as hydrogen. Another limitation is that it doesn't explain the chemical behavior of atoms beyond their electron configuration.
(i) Three factors that could influence the equilibrium position of a reversible reaction are changes in temperature, changes in pressure (for reactions involving gases), and changes in concentration of reactants or products.
(j) When calcium trioxocarbonate(iv) powder is added to separate equimolar solutions of hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid, one similarity in the observation is the production of effervescence or the release of gas. One difference in the observation is that the gas produced in the hydrochloric acid solution is hydrogen gas, while the gas produced in the ethanoic acid solution is carbon dioxide gas.
(a)(i) Faraday's first law of electrolysis states that the amount of a substance produced at an electrode during electrolysis is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity passed through the electrolyte.
(a)(ii) Strong electrolytes completely dissociate into ions in solution, while weak electrolytes only partially dissociate into ions.
(b) One chemical property of ethyne is its ability to undergo addition reactions.
(c)(i) Unsaturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that contain at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms.
(c)(ii) CH3 + CH3OH → (CH3)2O is the balanced equation for the reaction.
(c)(iii) The major product formed in this reaction is dimethyl ether.
(d) One way to increase the rate of esterification is by using a catalyst.
(e) Using the equation Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2, the number of molecules of hydrogen gas produced can be calculated by first determining the number of moles of Zn used. The molar mass of Zn is 65.0 g/mol, so 3.75 g of Zn is equal to 0.0577 moles. From the balanced equation, it can be seen that one mole of Zn produces one mole of H2, so the number of moles of H2 produced is also 0.0577. Using Avogadro's number (6.02 x 10^23), the number of molecules of H2 produced is 3.47 x 10^22.
(f) One effect of global warming is an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events such as hurricanes, floods, and heat waves.
(g)(i) Equation A represents a redox process.
(g)(ii) In Equation A, Pb is reduced from +2 to 0, while H2S is oxidized from -2 to 0.
(h)(i) Two of the main concepts of Bohr's model of the atom are the idea that electrons exist in discrete energy levels around the nucleus, and that electrons can jump between energy levels by absorbing or emitting energy in the form of photons.
(h)(ii) One limitation of Bohr's model is that it only works for single-electron systems, such as hydrogen. Another limitation is that it doesn't explain the chemical behavior of atoms beyond their electron configuration.
(i) Three factors that could influence the equilibrium position of a reversible reaction are changes in temperature, changes in pressure (for reactions involving gases), and changes in concentration of reactants or products.
(j) When calcium trioxocarbonate(iv) powder is added to separate equimolar solutions of hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid, one similarity in the observation is the production of effervescence or the release of gas. One difference in the observation is that the gas produced in the hydrochloric acid solution is hydrogen gas, while the gas produced in the ethanoic acid solution is carbon dioxide gas.