(a) Describe the process of egg-formation in poultry (b) Enumerate six functions/roles of the reproductive hormones in animals

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(a) The process of egg-formation in poultry, also known as oogenesis, begins in the ovary where the yolk is produced. The yolk then moves down the oviduct where it is covered in layers of albumen (egg white) and membranes. Finally, the eggshell is formed around the outside of the egg in the last part of the oviduct. The completed egg is then laid by the bird.

(b) Reproductive hormones in animals have several functions and roles, including:

1. Regulation of the reproductive cycle: Hormones like luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) regulate the reproductive cycle by stimulating the production and release of eggs and the formation of the corpus luteum.
2. Development of secondary sex characteristics: Hormones like testosterone in males and estrogen in females are responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics like body hair, deepening of voice, and growth of breasts.
3. Promotion of mating behaviors: Hormones like oxytocin and vasopressin play a role in promoting mating behaviors and bonding between animals.
4. Maintenance of pregnancy: Hormones like progesterone and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) help to maintain pregnancy by preventing the shedding of the uterine lining.
5. Regulation of milk production: Hormones like prolactin stimulate milk production in mammals.
6. Sexual differentiation: Hormones like testosterone and estrogen also play a role in sexual differentiation during fetal development, determining whether an individual will develop as male or female.

Overall, reproductive hormones play important roles in the growth, development, and reproductive processes of animals.

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I have bolded the important points in the text for emphasis. The list in point (b) has been formatted as an ordered list for clarity.