Write short notes on the effects of the following farm practices on soil: (a) bush burning, (b) fertlizer application (c) grazing (d) crop rotation
(a) Bush burning: Bush burning is a traditional method of land preparation in which vegetation is burned to clear land for cultivation. While it may be effective in clearing the land, it has negative effects on the soil. Bush burning destroys organic matter, which can reduce soil fertility and soil structure. It also exposes the soil to erosion, which can lead to nutrient loss and reduced water-holding capacity.
(b) Fertilizer application: Fertilizer application is a common practice used to improve soil fertility and increase crop yield. When properly applied, fertilizers can improve soil structure, increase nutrient availability, and enhance the biological activity of soil. However, overuse or improper application of fertilizers can have negative effects on the soil. Excessive use of fertilizers can lead to soil acidification, nutrient imbalances, and increased soil salinity, which can reduce soil fertility and crop yields.
(c) Grazing: Grazing involves allowing livestock to feed on plants in a pasture or range. While grazing can provide a source of nutrient-rich organic matter to the soil through manure, it can also have negative effects on the soil. Overgrazing can lead to soil compaction, which reduces soil aeration and water infiltration. It can also result in the loss of vegetation cover, which can lead to erosion and nutrient depletion.
(d) Crop rotation: Crop rotation is a practice in which different crops are planted in a field in successive seasons. Crop rotation has positive effects on the soil, such as improving soil fertility, soil structure, and biological activity. Crop rotation can help to reduce soil-borne diseases and pests, as different crops have different nutrient requirements and can break pest and disease cycles. Additionally, crop rotation can help to prevent soil erosion and improve water-holding capacity.