The excess of the par value of a company's shares over the amount for what for which they are issued to the public is called

The excess of the par value of a company's shares over the amount for which they are issued to the public is called a premium. The par value of a share is the minimum price at which the share can be issued. When a company issues shares at a price higher than their par value, the excess amount is called a premium. For example, if the par value of a share is N1 and it is issued at N2, then the premium is N1 (i.e., N2 - N1). Premium is usually collected by companies to raise additional funds for specific purposes, such as financing a new project, paying off debts, or expanding the business. The premium collected is usually shown as a separate item on the balance sheet, under the heading "share premium account". In conclusion, the correct option is (D) premium.