In which of the following changes is ∆S negative ?

The change in entropy (∆S) is a measure of the disorder or randomness of a system. A negative ∆S indicates that there is a decrease in disorder or randomness. In the given options: - The first option is a phase change from liquid to solid, which is typically associated with a decrease in entropy. So, ∆S is negative. - The second option involves the formation of a gas, which is typically associated with an increase in entropy. So, ∆S is positive. - The third option involves the decomposition of a solid into gases, which is typically associated with an increase in entropy. So, ∆S is positive. - The fourth option is the dissociation of a salt into its ions, which is typically associated with an increase in entropy. So, ∆S is positive. - The fifth option involves the formation of a gas, which is typically associated with an increase in entropy. So, ∆S is positive. Therefore, the only change in which ∆S is negative is H₂O_(l) → H₂O_(s).