The SI system is built on seven base (fundamental) units which are defined independently of one another: the metre, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, mole and candela. Every other unit is a derived unit, meaning it can be written as a combination of these base units. So the task here is simply to test each unit for whether it can be broken down further.
The ampere is the base unit of electric current, so it cannot be expressed in terms of anything more fundamental. The other three all reduce to combinations of base units:
joule: work \(=\) force \(\times\) distance, so \(1\,\mathrm{J} = 1\,\mathrm{N\,m} = 1\,\mathrm{kg\,m^{2}\,s^{-2}}\);
volt: \(V = W/Q\), so \(1\,\mathrm{V} = 1\,\mathrm{J\,C^{-1}} = 1\,\mathrm{kg\,m^{2}\,s^{-3}\,A^{-1}}\);
ohm: \(R = V/I\), so \(1\,\Omega = 1\,\mathrm{kg\,m^{2}\,s^{-3}\,A^{-2}}\).
A common misconception is that any unit with its own special name, such as the joule or the volt, must be fundamental. The special name is only a convenience; what matters is whether the unit can be written in terms of others. Notice too that the coulomb is not a base unit even though charge feels more basic than current: the SI system defines the ampere first and then treats \(1\,\mathrm{C} = 1\,\mathrm{A\,s}\). Memorise the seven base units and their quantities, then any question of this type becomes a single-step elimination.
