Which of the following factors primarily affects the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem
Answer Details
The factor that primarily affects the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem is **temperature**. Temperature plays a crucial role in determining where different organisms can survive and thrive.
Organisms have specific temperature ranges called their "optimal temperature range", within which they can function and grow most effectively. This range varies for different species. Some organisms, such as tropical plants and animals, thrive in hotter temperatures, while others, like polar bears and Arctic plants, are adapted to colder temperatures.
Temperature affects the distribution of organisms in several ways. First, it determines the availability of water. Warmer temperatures lead to evaporation and increased water vapor in the air, which can result in areas with high humidity. This higher humidity may support different types of organisms compared to areas with lower humidity.
Second, temperature affects the metabolism and physiological processes of organisms. Higher temperatures generally speed up biological processes, while lower temperatures slow them down. As a result, organisms have specific temperature thresholds beyond which they struggle to survive. For example, if the temperature becomes too hot, certain plants may wilt or die, while cold-blooded animals like reptiles may become sluggish or unable to move.
Third, temperature influences the growth and reproduction of organisms. Some plants require specific temperature conditions to flower and produce fruit, while animals may have specific temperature requirements for breeding and reproduction.
Lastly, temperature also affects the availability of resources for organisms. Different temperatures may lead to variations in the abundance and distribution of food sources, as well as availability of shelter and other resources necessary for survival.
In summary, temperature is the primary factor that affects the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem. It determines the availability of water, influences biological processes and metabolism, affects growth and reproduction, and impacts resource availability.