Seasonal changes in weather and climate are caused by

Seasonal changes in weather and climate are primarily caused by the revolution of the Earth around the Sun. The Earth takes approximately 365.25 days to complete one orbit around the Sun, which is known as a year. As the Earth orbits the Sun, it is tilted at an angle of approximately 23.5 degrees relative to the plane of its orbit. This means that different parts of the Earth receive different amounts of sunlight at different times of the year. When a particular hemisphere of the Earth is tilted towards the Sun, it receives more direct sunlight and experiences warmer temperatures. This is the season of summer in that hemisphere. Conversely, when that hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun, it receives less direct sunlight and experiences cooler temperatures. This is the season of winter in that hemisphere. The other two options listed, rotation of the Earth on its axis and the direct overhead sun on the Tropic of Cancer or Capricorn, do not directly cause seasonal changes. The rotation of the Earth on its axis causes the alternation of day and night, while the direct overhead sun on the Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn marks the solstices, which are the longest and shortest days of the year, respectively. However, these events do not directly cause changes in the seasons.