The intrusive rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath the Earth's surface, whereas extrusive rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of lava on the Earth's surface.
Out of the given options, granite is an intrusive rock. Granite is a coarse-grained, igneous rock that is composed primarily of minerals like quartz, feldspar, and mica. It is formed by the slow cooling and solidification of magma deep beneath the Earth's surface, giving it a coarse texture and distinct mineral grains that are visible to the naked eye.
In contrast, shale, sandstone, and marble are all sedimentary rocks that are formed from the accumulation and compaction of sediment or the recrystallization of existing rocks. Shale is formed from the accumulation of clay and silt-sized particles, sandstone from sand-sized particles, and marble from the recrystallization of limestone or dolomite.
In summary, granite is the intrusive rock out of the given options. It is formed from the cooling and solidification of magma deep beneath the Earth's surface, giving it a coarse texture and distinct mineral grains. The other options are all sedimentary rocks that are formed from the accumulation and compaction of sediment or the recrystallization of existing rocks.