Differentiate between the digestive systems of the sheep and poultry. Illustrate your answers with clearly labelled diagrams.
Sheep and poultry have different digestive systems based on their feeding habits, digestive organs, and processes involved in digestion.
The digestive system of sheep is adapted to grazing on roughage such as grass and hay. The system consists of a mouth, esophagus, four-chambered stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. Sheep do not have upper front teeth, instead, they have a dental pad that helps them to bite off and grind coarse fibrous feed. The food is mixed with saliva and passed down the esophagus into the rumen, which is the first chamber of the stomach. The rumen contains millions of microorganisms such as bacteria, protozoa, and fungi that break down the fiber in the feed into volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and gases like methane. The food then passes through the reticulum, omasum, and abomasum, where it is further digested by enzymes and acids produced by the animal. Finally, the food moves to the small and large intestines, where nutrients are absorbed and waste is eliminated.
The digestive system of poultry, on the other hand, is adapted to a high-energy diet consisting of grains and seeds. It consists of a mouth, esophagus, crop, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine, ceca, and cloaca. Poultry do have teeth but instead, they have a muscular gizzard that helps them to break down food. The food enters the mouth and is stored in the crop, where it is moistened and softened. From there, it moves to the proventriculus, which secretes digestive enzymes and acids to break down the food. The food then enters the gizzard, where it is mechanically broken down by the muscular contractions of the gizzard walls. The small intestine is where nutrients are absorbed, and waste is eliminated. Poultry also have a pair of ceca, which are pouches located at the junction of the small and large intestines, where fermentation takes place. Finally, the waste is eliminated through the cloaca, which is a common opening for the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems.
Here are two diagrams illustrating the digestive systems of sheep and poultry:
Sheep digestive system diagram:
Poultry digestive system diagram:
