The specialized pigment cells that are involved in colouration and colour change in animals

The specialized pigment cells that are involved in colouration and colour change in animals are called chromatophores. Chromatophores are cells that contain pigments, such as melanin, xanthophylls, and carotenoids, that can change the color of the cell and therefore the color of the animal. Chromatophores are responsible for the coloration and patterns seen in many animals, such as chameleons, octopuses, and some fish. The chromatophores can contract and expand, causing the pigments to become more or less visible. This allows the animals to rapidly change color and blend in with their surroundings, communicate with other animals, and even display their emotions. While xanthophylls, melanin, and other pigments are involved in coloration, it is the specialized cells known as chromatophores that enable color change and control the appearance of the animal's skin or fur.