the ratio of electrostatic force FE to gravitational force FG between two protons each of charge e and mass m, at a distance d is

Answer Details

The electrostatic force between two protons is given by Coulomb's law, F_E = (1/4πε₀) (e²/d²), where ε₀ is the permittivity of free space, e is the charge on each proton and d is the distance between them. The gravitational force between the two protons is given by the law of gravitation, F_G = Gm²/d², where G is the universal gravitational constant and m is the mass of each proton. Thus, the ratio of electrostatic force to gravitational force between the two protons is (F_E/F_G) = [(1/4πε₀) (e²/d²)]/[Gm²/d²]. Simplifying this expression, we get e² / (4πε₀Gm²). Therefore, the correct option is e2/4πԐoeGm2.