a. Name five vertebrae in mammals with their corresponding locations. [10 marks] b. State one function each of the following parts in a dicotyledonous leaf:...

Answer Details

a. Five vertebrae in mammals with their corresponding locations are:
1. Cervical vertebrae - located in the neck region
2. Thoracic vertebrae - located in the chest region
3. Lumbar vertebrae - located in the lower back region
4. Sacral vertebrae - located in the pelvic region
5. Coccygeal vertebrae - located in the tail region

b. The functions of the following parts in a dicotyledonous leaf are:
(i) Palisade - responsible for photosynthesis by containing chloroplasts and maximizing exposure to light.
(ii) Vascular bundle - responsible for transporting water, minerals, and food throughout the leaf.
(iii) Epidermis - provides protection to the leaf and prevents water loss through the cuticle.

c. The functions of the following parts in the stem of a flowering plant are:
(i) Sieve tube - responsible for transporting sugars and nutrients throughout the plant.
(ii) Cortex - stores food and water, and provides support to the stem.
(iii) Pith - stores and transports nutrients and water, and provides support to the stem.

d. Two external structural differences between the stem and root of a maize seedling are:
1. The stem is above the ground, while the root is below the ground.
2. The stem has buds or leaves, while the root does not.

Two internal structural differences between the stem and root of a maize seedling are:
1. The stem has a vascular bundle arranged in a circular pattern, while the root has a radial pattern.
2. The stem has more collenchyma and sclerenchyma tissue for support, while the root has more parenchyma tissue for absorption.