The graph above illustrates the variation of temperature \(\theta\) with time (t) for a solid that is being heated. Which processes take place at segments P...

The graph above illustrates the variation of temperature \(\theta\) with time (t) for a solid that is being heated. Which processes take place at segments P and Q respectively?

Answer Details

The graph shows the change in temperature of a solid as it is heated over time. At segment P, the temperature remains constant despite the application of heat. This is because the energy is being used to break the bonds between the molecules in the solid, rather than increasing their kinetic energy and temperature. This process is called melting, which is the transition from solid to liquid phase. At segment Q, the temperature again remains constant, but this time at a higher level than at segment P. This is because the energy is being used to break the bonds between the molecules in the liquid, rather than increasing their kinetic energy and temperature. This process is called boiling, which is the transition from liquid to gas phase. Therefore, the correct answer is "Melting and boiling".