Explain the factors that affect the supply of labour in Nigeria.

Answer Details

The supply of labour means the total number of hours of work (or number of workers) offered for employment in the economy at a given time. In Nigeria it is affected by the following factors:

1. Size and structure of the population. A large population with a high proportion in the working-age bracket (18-64) provides a bigger potential labour force.
2. The working population and age structure. The number actually able and willing to work, after removing children, students, the aged, the sick and the retired, determines effective supply.
3. Level of wages and other rewards. Generally, higher real wages and better conditions attract more people into the labour market and encourage longer hours.
4. Length of the working day, week and holidays. Legally fixed hours, leave and overtime rules affect how much labour each worker supplies.
5. Education, training and skills. The availability of skilled, trained manpower influences the supply of effective (as opposed to mere numerical) labour.
6. Mobility of labour. The ease with which workers can move between jobs and regions affects how much labour reaches where it is needed.
7. Social and cultural factors. Attitudes to certain jobs, the role of women in work, and early or delayed entry into employment affect participation.
8. Migration. Immigration adds to and emigration (brain drain) subtracts from the labour force.
9. Government policy and health. Retirement age, labour laws, and the general state of health and nutrition of the people affect availability and productivity of labour.

Examination reminder: distinguish the numerical supply of labour (how many people) from its quality (education and skills); a full answer covers both.