The sedimentary rock is the one that is formed from the accumulation and cementation of sediment particles such as sand, clay, and other minerals that have been transported and deposited by water, wind, or ice.
Coal is the only sedimentary rock among the given options. It is formed from the accumulation of organic matter, mostly plant material, that has been buried and compressed over millions of years. This organic matter is broken down by pressure and heat, eventually turning into coal.
Gneiss, Granite, and Marble are all examples of metamorphic rocks that have been formed from existing rocks through heat and pressure. Gneiss is formed from the metamorphism of either igneous or sedimentary rocks, while Granite is an igneous rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. Marble is a metamorphic rock formed from the recrystallization of limestone.