Recombinant DNA refers to DNA that has been modified to contain genes from different organisms.
This modification is done in a laboratory using various techniques. To create recombinant DNA, scientists take DNA from one organism and insert it into the DNA of another organism. This can be done by cutting the DNA of both organisms using enzymes called restriction enzymes.
These enzymes act like molecular scissors, cutting the DNA at specific sequences. Once the DNA is cut, the desired gene from one organism can be inserted into the DNA of another organism. This is done using another enzyme called DNA ligase, which acts like a molecular glue, joining the DNA fragments together.
The resulting recombinant DNA contains genes from both organisms, creating a hybrid DNA molecule. This hybrid DNA can be used to produce proteins or study the function of specific genes. Recombinant DNA technology is important in biotechnology because it allows scientists to transfer specific genes between organisms.
This has many applications, such as producing genetically modified crops with increased yields or disease resistance, producing therapeutic proteins like insulin, or studying the functions of genes in model organisms.
In summary, recombinant DNA refers to DNA that has been modified to contain genes from different organisms. It is a powerful tool in biotechnology that allows scientists to manipulate genes and study their functions.